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101. IN RE: IN THE MATTER OF CLARIFICATION OF EXEMPTION
FROMPAYMENT OF ALL COURT AND SHERIFFS FEES OF COOPERATIVES.
FACTS: In a Petition[1]dated 24 October 2011, Perpetual Help
Counit!
Cooperati"e #PHCCI$, t%rou&% coun'el, re(ue't' )or t%e
i''uance o) a court
order to clari)! and ipleent t%e e*eption o) cooperati"e' )ro
t%epa!ent o) court and '%eri))+' )ee' pur'uant to epublic Act -o.
/, a'
aended b! epublic Act -o. 320, ot%eri'e 5non a' t%e
Philippine
Cooperative Act of 2008.
PHCCI contend' t%at a' a cooperati"e it en6o!' t%e e*eption
pro"ided )or under Section /, Article /1 o) epublic Act -o. 320,
%ic%
'tate':
#/$ Cooperati"e' '%all be e*ept )ro t%e pa!ent o) allcourt and
'%eri))+' )ee' pa!able to t%e P%ilippine 7o"ernent)or and in
connection it% all action' brou&%t under t%i'Code, or %ere 'uc%
action' i' brou&%t b! t%e Aut%orit!be)ore t%e court, to en)orce
t%e pa!ent o) obli&ation'contracted in )a"or o) t%e
cooperati"e.
PHCCI report' t%at it )iled it% t%e O))ice o) t%e 8*ecuti"e
9ud&e o) t%e
unicipal Trial Court in Citie' #TCC$, ;ua&uete Cit!,
-e&ro' Oriental, a
otion to ipleent t%e e*eption o) cooperati"e' )ro t%e pa!ent
o)
court and '%eri))+' )ee' in ca'e' )iled be)ore t%e court' in %i'
6uri'diction, but
t%e 8*ecuti"e 9ud&e ruled t%at t%e atter i' o) national
concern and '%ould
be brou&%t to t%e attention o) t%e Supree Court )or it to
coe up it% a
'trai&%t polic! and uni)or '!'te o) collection. In t%e
eantie, t%e TCC
%a' continued t%e a''e''ent o) )ilin& )ee' a&ain't
cooperati"e'.
ISSe&al Fee'$ o) t%e ule' o) Court.
H8>;:
T%e ter ?all court )ee'@ under Section /, Article /1 o) epublic
Act -o. 320
re)er' to t%e totalit! o) ?le&al )ee'@ ipo'ed under ule 141
o) t%e ule' o)
Court a' an incident o) in'titutin& an action in court. [4]
T%e'e )ee' include
)ilin& or doc5et )ee', appeal )ee', )ee' )or i''uance o)
pro"i'ional reedie',
ediation )ee', '%eri))+' )ee', 'teno&rap%er+' )ee' and
coi''ioner+' )ee'.
[3]
it% re&ard to t%e ter ?'%eri))+' )ee',@ t%i' Court, in an
e*tended
inute e'olution dated 1 Septeber 200, %eld t%at t%e
e*eption'
&ranted to cooperati"e' under Section 2, para&rap% / o)
epublic Act -o.
/B Section /, Article /1 o) epublic Act -o. 320B and OCA
Circular -o.
44200D clearl! do not co"er t%e aount re(uired ?to de)ra! t%e
actual tra"el
e*pen'e' o) t%e '%eri)), proce'' 'er"er or ot%er courtaut%oriEed
per'on in
t%e 'er"ice o) 'uon', 'ubpoena and ot%er court proce''e' i''ued
relati"e
to t%e trial o) t%e ca'e,@ [/]%ic% are neit%er con'idered a'
court and '%eri))+'
)ee' nor are aount' pa!able to t%e P%ilippine 7o"ernent.[D]
WHEREFORE, in t%e li&%t o) t%e )ore&oin& prei'e',
t%e petition o) PHCCI
re(ue'tin& )or t%i' Court to i''ue an order clari)!in&
and ipleentin& t%e
e*eption o) cooperati"e' )ro t%e pa!ent o) court and '%eri))+'
)ee' i'
%ereb! DENIED.
T%e O))ice o) t%e Court Adini'trator i' DIRECTEDto i''ue a
circular
clari)!in& t%at cooperati"e' are not e*ept )ro t%e pa!ent o)
t%e le&al )ee'
pro"ided )or under ule 141 o) t%e ule' o) Court.
102. STO. TOMAS V. PANEDA
685 SCRA 245 Labor Law Labor Standards Constittionalit! of
Sections 6" #" $" %0" 2$" and &0 of the 'i(rant )or*ers Act
or R+A+ ,o+ 8042
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/march2012/12-2-03-0.htm#_ftn1
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T%i' ca'e i' a con'olidation o) t%e )olloin& ca'e': 7.. -o.
132/42, 7..
-o. 132D10, 7.. -o. 1/D30, 7.. -o'. 12DD, and 7.. -o'. 142
.
G.R. No. 15262 !"# G.R. No. 152$10In 7.. -o. 132/42132D10, in
2002, e! Salac et al, %o are recruiter'
deplo!in& or5er' abroad, 'ou&%t to en6oin t%e Secretar!
o) >abor, Patricia
Sto. Toa', t%e PO8A, and T8S;A, )ro re&ulatin& t%e
acti"itie' o) pri"aterecruiter'. Salac et al in"o5ed Section' 2 and
0 o) t%e epublic Act 042
or t%e i&rant or5er' Act %ic% pro"ide' t%atrecruitent
a&enc! in t%e
P%ilippine' '%all be dere&ulated one !ear )ro t%e
pa''a&e o) t%e 'aid laB
t%at 3 !ear' t%erea)ter, recruitent '%ould be )ull!
dere&ulated. A 042 a'
pa''ed in 13, %ence, Salac et al in'i'ted t%at a' earl! a' 2000,
t%e
a)oreentioned &o"ernent a&encie' '%ould %a"e 'topped
i''uin&
eorandu' and circular' re&ulatin& t%e recruitent o)
or5er' abroad.
Sto. Toa' t%en (ue'tioned t%e "alidit! o) Section' 2 and 0.
ISSUE: %et%er or not Section' 2 and 0 are "alid.
HELD: T%e i''ue becae oot and acadeic. It appear' t%at
durin& t%ependenc! o) t%i' ca'e in 200D, A 422 #An Act to
Stren&t%en t%e e&ulator!
Function' o) t%e PO8A$ a' pa''ed %ic% repealed Section' 2 and 0
o)
A 042.
10%. IN RE CUNANAN &' P()* 5%+ R,-o*/)o"+ 1 M! 1'5I" /(,
M!//, o3 /(, P,/)/)o"- 3o A#4)--)o" /o /(, ! o3 U"-,--3*C!"#)#!/,-
o3 1'6 /o 1'5%+ ALINO CUNANAN7 ET AL.7 8,/)/)o",-.
R,-o*/)ON7 1'5o" M!( 1
Fact':
Con&re'' pa''ed epublic Act -uber D2, coonl! 5non a' t%e
?=ar
Flun5er'+ Act o) 13.@ In accordance it% t%e 'aid la, t%e Supree
Court
t%en pa''ed and aditted to t%e bar t%o'e candidate' %o %ad
obtained an
a"era&e o) D2 per cent b! rai'in& it to D3 percent.
A)ter it' appro"al, an! o)
t%e un'ucce'')ul po'tar candidate' )iled petition' )or adi''ion
to t%e bar
in"o5in& it' pro"i'ion', %ile ot%er otion' )or t%e re"i'ion
o) t%eir
e*aination paper' ere 'till pendin& al'o in"o5ed t%e
a)ore'aid la a' an
additional &round )or adi''ion. T%ere are al'o ot%er' %o
%a"e 'ou&%t'ipl! t%e recon'ideration o) t%eir &rade'
it%out, %oe"er, in"o5in& t%e la
in (ue'tion. To a"oid in6u'tice to indi"idual petitioner', t%e
court )ir't re"ieed
t%e otion' )or recon'ideration, irre'pecti"e o) %et%er or not
t%e! %ad
in"o5ed epublic Act -o. D2.
I''ue: %et%er or -ot A -o. D2 i' con'titutional and "alid.
Held: A -o. D2 %a' )or it' ob6ect, accordin& to it' aut%or,
to adit to t%e
=ar, t%o'e candidate' %o 'u))ered )ro in'u))icienc! o)
readin& aterial'
and inade(uate preparation.
In t%e 6udicial '!'te )ro %ic% our' %a' been e"ol"ed, t%e
adi''ion,
'u'pen'ion, di'barent and rein'tateent o) attorne!' at la in t%e
practice
o) t%e pro)e''ion and t%eir 'uper"i'ion %a"e been indi'putabl! a
6udicial
)unction and re'pon'ibilit!. e %a"e 'aid t%at in t%e 6udicial
'!'te )ro
%ic% our' %a' been deri"ed, t%e adi''ion, 'u'pen'ion, di'barent
or
rein'tateent o) attorne!' at la in t%e practice o) t%e
pro)e''ion i'
concededl! 6udicial.
On t%i' atter, t%ere i' certainl! a clear di'tinction beteen t%e
)unction' o)t%e 6udicial and le&i'lati"e departent' o) t%e
&o"ernent. It i' ob"iou',
t%ere)ore, t%at t%e ultiate poer to &rant licen'e )or t%e
practice o) la
belon&' e*clu'i"el! to t%i' Court, and t%e la pa''ed b!
Con&re'' on t%e
atter i' o) peri''i"e c%aracter, or a' ot%er aut%oritie' a! 'a!,
erel! to
)i* t%e iniu condition' )or t%e licen'e. epublic Act -uber D2 i'
%eld
to be uncon'titutional.
10. IN RE ADMISSION TO THE AR: ARGOSINO
FACTS:
On Februar! 4, 12 ,Ar&o'ino, to&et%er it% 1 ot%er', a'
c%ar&ed it%
t%e crie o) %oicide in connection it% t%e deat% o) one aul
Caali&an.
T%e deat% o) Caali&an 'teed )ro t%e a))liction o) 'e"ere
p%!'ical
in6urie' upon %i in cour'e o) G%aEin&G conducted a' part o)
t%e uni"er'it!
)raternit! initiation rite'. On Februar! 11, 1, t%e accu'ed
ere
con'e(uentl! 'entenced to 'u))er ipri'onent )or a period
ran&in& )ro to
#2$ !ear', )our #4$ ont%' and one #1$ da! to )our #4$ !ear'.
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ean%ile, on Septeber 10, 10, 9a"ellana re(ue'ted t%e ;>7
)or a perit to continue %i' practice o) la )or t%e rea'on'
'tated in %i' letter
re(ue't.
On Septeber 21, 11, Secretar! >ui' T. Santo' i''ued
eorandu Circular -o. 01 'ettin& )ort% &uideline' )or t%e
practice o)pro)e''ion' b! local electi"e o))icial'.
In an order dated a! 2, 11, 9a"ellana+' otion to di'i'' a'
denied b! t%e public re'pondent'. Hi' otion )or recon'ideration
a'
li5ei'e denied on 9une 20, 11.
Fi"e ont%' later or on October 10, 11, t%e >ocal
7o"ernent
Code o) 11 #A D1/0$ a' 'i&ned into la, Section 0 o) %ic%
pro"ide':
Sec. 0. Practice of Profession. #a$ All &o"ernor', cit! and
unicipal
a!or' are pro%ibited )ro practicin& t%eir pro)e''ion or
en&a&in& in an!
occupation ot%er t%an t%e e*erci'e o) t%eir )unction' a' local
c%ie)
e*ecuti"e'.
#b$San((nian -e-bers -a! practice their professions" en(a(e in
an!
occpation" or teach in schools e.cept drin( session hors:
Provided" /hat
san((nian -e-bers who are -e-bers of the ar shall not:
#1$ Appear as consel before an! cort in an! civil case wherein a
local
(overn-ent nit or an! office" a(enc!" or instr-entalit! of the
(overn-ent is
the adverse part!1
#2$ Appear a' coun'el in an! criinal ca'e %erein an o))icer or
eplo!ee o)
t%e national or local &o"ernent i' accu'ed o) an o))en'e
coitted inrelation to %i' o))iceB
#$ Collect an! )ee )or t%eir appearance in adini'trati"e
proceedin&'involvin(
the local (overn-ent nit of which he is an official1and
#4$ 7 eorandu Circular' -o'. 0 and 01
are uncon'titutional becau'e t%e Supree Court %a' t%e 'ole and
e*clu'i"e
aut%orit! to re&ulate t%e practice o) la
H,*#:
-o. Petitioner+' contention t%at Section 0 o) t%e >ocal
7o"ernent Code o) 11 and ;>7 eorandu Circular -o. 01
"iolate
Article JIII, Section 3 o) t%e Con'titution i' copletel! o))
tan&ent. -eit%er t%e
'tatute nor t%e circular trenc%e' upon t%e Supree Court+' poer
and
aut%orit! to pre'cribe rule' on t%e practice o) la. T%e >ocal
7o"ernent
Code and ;>7 eorandu Circular -o. 01 'ipl! pre'cribe rule'
o)
conduct )or public o))icial' to a"oid con)lict' o) intere't
beteen t%e di'c%ar&e
o) t%eir public dutie' and t%e pri"ate practice o) t%eir
pro)e''ion, in t%o'e
in'tance' %ere t%e la allo' it.
106. RE: 200% AR EXAMINATION7 AR MATTERS NO. 1222
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FACTS:
?In t%e ornin& o) Septeber 21, 200, t%e t%ird Sunda! o) t%e
200 bare*aination', t%e e*aination in coercial la a' %eld in ;e la
Salleabda+']o't Illu'triou' =rot%er, onald F. Collado, %o ordered
t%e printin& anddi'tribution o) 0 copie' to t%e >abda
Fraternit!, po''ibl! )or pecuniar!pro)it and to &i"en t%e undue
ad"anta&e o"er t%e ot%er e*ainer' in t%eercantile la
e*aination, ;e 7uEan abetted c%eatin& or di'%one't! b!%i'
)raternit! brot%er' in t%e e*aination, %ic% i' "iolati"e o) ule
1.01 o)Canon 1, a' ell a' Canon D o) t%e Code o) Pro)e''ional
e'pon'ibilit! )oreber' o) t%e =ar, %ic% pro"ide:
ule 1.01 A la!er '%all not en&a&e in unla)ul, di'%one't,
ioral ordeceit)ul conduct
Canon D A >AQ8 SHA>> AT A>> TI8S ; TH8
I-T87ITQA-; ;I7-ITQ OF TH8 >87A> POF8SSIO- A-; SO ;8 7
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10$. ;OILO ANTONIO VELE; -. ATTY. LEONARD S. DE VERA
/he Cort has e-phasied that the 3d(-ent of sspension a(ainst
a ilipino law!er in a forei(n 3risdiction does not ato-aticall!
reslt in hissspension or disbar-ent in the Philippines+ d(-ent of
sspension
a(ainst a ilipino law!er -a! trans-te into a si-ilar 3d(-ent
ofsspension in the Philippines onl! if the basis of the forei(n
corts actionincldes an! of the (ronds for disbar-ent or sspension
in this 3risdiction+/he 3d(-ent of the forei(n cort -erel!
constittes pri-a facie evidence ofnethical acts as law!er+
Co-plainant -st prove b! sbstantial evidencethe facts pon which the
reco--endation b! the hearin( officer was based+7f he is sccessfl
in this" he -st then prove that these
acts are li*ewise nethical nder Philippine law+
On April 11, 2003, Roilo Antonio JeleE )iled a coplaint )or
t%e
'u'pen'ion andor di'barent o) Att!. >eonard ;e Jera ba'ed on
t%e latter'alle&ed i'repre'entation in concealin& t%e
'u'pen'ion order rendereda&ain't %i b! t%e State =ar o)
Cali)ornia. JeleE a"erred t%at Att!. ;e Jeralac5ed t%e oral
copetence nece''ar! to lead t%e countr!' o't noblepro)e''ion. It
appear' t%at Att!. ;e Jera %andled an in'urance ca'e inCali)ornia
in"ol"in& a certain 9uliu' illi' III %o )i&ured in an
autoobileaccident in 1/. He a' aut%oriEed b! t%e elder illi'
#)at%er o) 9uliu'$ )ort%e relea'e o) t%e )und' in 'ettleent o) t%e
ca'e. He t%en recei"ed a c%ec5in 'ettleent o) t%e ca'e %ic% %e
depo'ited to %i' per'onal account. Anadini'trati"e ca'e a' )iled
a&ain't %i be)ore t%e State =ar o) Cali)orniaand it a'
recoended t%at %e be 'u'pended )ro t%e practice o) la )ort%ree
!ear'. T%erea)ter, Att!. de Jera re'i&ned )ro t%e Cali)ornia
=ar %ic%
re'i&nation a' accepted b! t%e Supree Court o) Cali)ornia.
On April 13,2003, Att!. ;e Jera )iled a letterre(ue't it% t%e Court
)or %i' oat%ta5in& a'I=P -ational Pre'ident. In a re&ular
eetin& on a! 1, 2003, t%e I=P=oard, b! 2 "ote, re'ol"ed to
reo"e Att!. ;e Jera a' eber o) t%e I=P=oard and a' 8JP. Att!. ;e
Jera alle&edl! ade untrut%)ul 'tateent',innuendo' and blatant
lie' durin& t%e Plenar! Se''ion o) t%e I=P 10t%-ational
Con"ention o) >a!er' on April 22, 2003, a5in& it appear t%at
t%edeci'ion o) t%e I=P =oard to it%dra t%e Petition (ue'tionin&
.A. 22D,a' due to in)luence and pre''ure )ro t%e Supree Court,
t%ereb! brin&in&t%e I=P =oard and t%e I=P a' a %ole in
public contept and di'repute, in"iolation o) Canon 11 o) t%e Code
o) Pro)e''ional e'pon'ibilit! )or >a!er'%ic% andate' t%at a
la!er '%all ob'er"e and aintain t%e re'pect due to
t%e court' and to 6udicial o))icer' and '%ould in'i't on 'iilar
conduct b!
ot%er'. It appear' t%at t%e I=P =oard appro"ed t%e it%draal o)
t%e Petition)iled be)ore t%e Court to (ue'tion
t%e le&alit! andor con'titutionalit! o) .A. 22D,
aut%oriEin& t%e increa'e int%e 'alarie' o) 6ud&e' and
6u'tice', and to increa'e )ilin& )ee'. Att!. ;e Jeraal'o
alle&edl! in'ti&ated and pro"o5ed 'oe I=P c%apter' to
ebarra'' and%uiliate t%e I=P =oard in order to coerce and copel t%e
latter to pur'uet%e a)ore'aid Petition. oreo"er, %e a' alle&ed
to %a"e )al'el! accu'ed I=P-ational Pre'ident CadiE, durin& t%e
'aid Plenar! Se''ion, o) it%%oldin&)ro %i a cop! o) t%e Court'
e'olution &rantin& t%e it%draal o) t%ea)ore'aid Petition,
t%ereb! creatin& t%e ron& ipre''ion t%at t%e I=P-ational
Pre'ident deliberatel! pre"ented %i )ro ta5in& t%e
appropriatereedie' it% re'pect t%ereto, t%u' coproi'in&
t%e reputation and inte&rit! o) t%e I=P -ational Pre'ident
and
t%e I=P a' a %ole. On a! 1, 2003, t%e I=P i''ued a e'olution
reo"in&Att!. ;e Jera a' eber o) t%e I=P =oard and a' I=P 8JP.
T%erea)ter, I=P-ational Pre'ident CadiE in)ored t%e Court o) t%e
election o) I=P 7o"ernor9o'e Jicente SalaEar a' 8JP and re(ue'ted
t%at t%e latter' election be
appro"ed and t%at %e be alloed to a''ue a' -ational Pre'ident in
t%ee"ent t%at Att!. ;e Jera a' di'barred or 'u'pended )ro t%e
practice o) laor '%ould %i' reo"al )ro t%e I=P =oard and a' 8JP be
appro"ed b! t%eCourt. Att!. ;e Jera "e%eentl! in'i't' t%at t%ere i'
no proo) t%at %e
i'appropriated %i' client' )und' a' t%e elder illi' &a"e %i
aut%orit! tou'e t%e 'ae and t%at t%e latter e"en te'ti)ied under
oat% t%at %e Ge*pectedde Jera i&%t u'e t%e one! )or a )e da!'.G
He al'o (ue'tion' %i' reo"al)ro t%e I=P =oard on t%e &round
t%at %e a' denied G"er! ba'ic ri&%t' o)due proce''
reco&niEed b! t%e Honorable Court e"en in adini'trati"eca'e'G
li5e t%e ri&%t to an'er )orall! or in ritin& and it%in
rea'onabletie, t%e ri&%t to pre'ent itne''e' in %i' be%al), t%e
ri&%t to a )air %earin&.
He prote't' t%e )act t%at %e a' not able to cro''e*aine t%e
coplainant,I=P 7o"ernor oulo i"era and t%at t%e latter "oted a' ell
)or %i'e*pul'ion %ic% ade %i accu'er, pro'ecutor and 6ud&e at
t%e 'ae tie.
Att!. de Jera ep%a'iEe' t%e )act t%at Att!. i"era
initiall! in%ibited %i'el) )ro "otin& on %i' on otion.
Hoe"er, %en%i' in%ibition re'ulted in t%e de)eat o) %i' otion a'
t%e nece''ar! 2"ote could not be u'tered, Att!. i"era a'5ed )or
anot%er round o)"otin& 'o %e could "ote to 'upport %i' on
otion.
T%e I=P =oard counter' t%at 'ince it' eber' ere pre'ent
durin& t%eplenar! 'e''ion, and per'onall! itne''ed and %eard
Att!. de
Jera'actuation', an e"identiar! or )oral %earin& a' no
lon&er nece''ar!.Since t%e! all itne''ed and %eard Att!. de
Jera, it a' enou&% t%at %e a'
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&i"en an opportunit! to re)ute and an'er all t%e c%ar&e'
iputed a&ain't%i. T%e! ep%a'iEed t%at Att!. de Jera a'
&i"en a cop! o) t%e coplaintand t%at %e a' pre'ent at t%e =oard
eetin& on a! 1, 2003 %erein t%elettercoplaint a&ain't %i a'
part o) t%e a&enda. T%erein, %e a' &i"ent%e opportunit! to
be %eard and t%at, in )act, Att!. de Jera did ar&ue %i'
ca'e.
ISSUES:
1$ %et%er or not t%ere i' 'ub'tantial proo) t%at Att!. ;e Jera
"iolatedCanon 11 o) t%e Code o) Pro)e''ional e'pon'ibilit! )or
>a!er'2$ %et%er or not Att!. de Jera a' reo"ed )or 6u't and
"alid cau'e$ %et%er or not Att!. ;e Jera a' denied due proce'' %en
%ea' reo"ed )ro t%e I=P =oard and a' I=P 8JPHELD:
Att!. ;e Jera i' SAQ8 SHA>> HO>; I-T> O-8QS A-;
POP8TI8S OF HIS C>I8-T THAT AQCO8 TO HIS POSS8SSIO-.ule 1/.01. A
la!er '%all account )or allone! or propert! collected or recei"ed
)or or )ro t%e client.ule 1/.02. A la!er '%all 5eep t%e )und' o)
eac% client'eparate and apart)ro %i' on and t%o'e o) ot%er' 5ept b!
%i.
Att!. de Jera' act o) %oldin& on to %i' client' one! it%out
t%e latter'ac(uie'cence i' conduct indicati"e o) lac5 o)
inte&rit! and propriet!. It i' cleart%at %e, b! depo'itin&
t%e c%ec5 in %i' on account and u'in& t%e 'ae )or%i' on
bene)it, i' &uilt! o) deceit, alpractice, &ro'' i'conduct
andunet%ical be%a"ior. He cau'ed di'%onor, not onl! to %i'el) but
to t%e noble
pro)e''ion to %ic% %e belon&'. For, it cannot be denied t%at
t%e re'pect o)liti&ant' to t%e pro)e''ion i' ine*orabl!
diini'%ed %ene"er a eber o) t%epro)e''ion betra!' t%eir tru't and
con)idence. Att!. ;e Jera "iolated %i' oat%to conduct %i'el) it%
all &ood )idelit! to %i' client. T%at t%e elder illi'Ge*pected
de Jera i&%t u'e t%e one! )or a )e da!'G a' not 'o uc%
anac5noled&ent o) con'ent to t%e u'e b! Att!. ;e Jera o) %i'
client' )und'.at%er, it a' ore an acceptance o) t%e probabilit!
t%at Att!. de Jera i&%t,indeed, u'e %i' client' )und', %ic% b!
it'el) did not 'pea5 ell o) t%ec%aracter o) Att!. de Jera or t%e a!
'uc% c%aracter a' percei"ed.
;i'ciplinar! action a&ain't a la!er i' intended to protect
t%e court and t%epublic )ro t%e i'conduct o) o))icer' o) t%e court
and to protect t%eadini'tration o) 6u'tice b! re(uirin& t%at
t%o'e %o e*erci'e t%i' iportant)unction '%all be copetent,
%onorable and reliable en in %o court' andclient' a! repo'e
con)idence. T%e 'tatutor! enunciation o) t%e &round'
)ordi'barent on 'u'pen'ion i' not to be ta5en a' a liitation on t%e
&eneralpoer o) court' to 'u'pend or di'bar a la!er. T%e
in%erent poer o) t%ecourt o"er it' o))icer' cannot be re'tricted.
Hoe"er, t%e poer to di'baru't be e*erci'ed it% &reat
caution.Con'iderin& t%e aount in"ol"ed %ere
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The IBP Board removed Atty. de Vera as IBP overnor for !ust
andvalidcause.
T%e I=P =oard i' "e'ted it% t%e poer to reo"e an! o) it'
eber'pur'uant to Section 44, Article JI o) t%e I=P =!>a', under
%ic% a ebero) t%e I=P =oard a! be reo"ed )or cau'e b! re'olution
adopted b! K o)t%e reainin& eber' o) t%e =oard, 'ub6ect to t%e
appro"al o) t%i' Court.Con)lict' and di'a&reeent' o)
"ar!in& de&ree' o) inten'it!, i) not anio'it!,are in%erent
in t%e internal li)e o) an or&aniEation, but e'peciall! o) t%e
I=P'ince la!er' are 'aid to di'a&ree be)ore t%e! a&ree.
Hoe"er, t%ee))ecti"ene'' o) t%e I=P, li5e an! ot%er
or&aniEation, i' diluted i) t%e con)lict'are brou&%t
out'ide it' &o"ernin& bod! )or t%en t%ere ould be
t%eipre''ion t%at t%e I=P, %ic% 'pea5' t%rou&% t%e =oard o)
7o"ernor', doe'not and cannot 'pea5 )or it' eber' in an
aut%oritati"e )a'%ion. It ouldaccordin&l! diini'% t%e I=P'
pre'ti&e and repute it% t%e la!er' a' ell a'it% t%e &eneral
public.
A' a ean' o) 'el)pre'er"ation, internecine con)lict' u't t%u' be
ad6u'tedit%in t%e &o"ernin& board it'el) 'o a' to )ree it
)ro [%e 'tre''e' t%atin"ariabl! ari'e %en internal clea"a&e'
are ade public. T%ere)ore, t%e I=P=oard a' ell it%in it' ri&%t
in reo"in& All!, de Jera a' t%e latter'actuation' durin&
t%e 10t% -ational I=P Con"ention ere detriental to t%erole o) t%e
I=P =oard a' t%e &o"ernin& bod! o) t%e I=P.
%en t%e I=P board i' not 'een b! t%e bar and t%e public a' a
co%e'i"e unit,it cannot e))ecti"el! per)or it' dut! o) %elpin&
t%e Court en)orce t%e code o)le&al et%ic' and t%e 'tandard' o)
le&al practice a' ell a' ipro"e t%eadini'tration o)
6u'tice.
The IBP Board observed due process in the removal of Atty. de
Vera as
IBP overnor.
T%e con'titutional pro"i'ion on due proce'' 'a)e&uard' li)e,
libert! andpropert!. It cannot be 'aid t%at t%e po'ition o) I=P
8JI1 1 propert! it%in t%econ'titutional 'en'e e'peciall! 'ince
t%ere i' no ri&%t to 'ecurit! o) tenureo"er 'aid po'ition a',
in )act, .ill t%at i' re(uired to reo"e an! eber o) t%eboard o)
&o"ernor' )or cau'e i' a re'olution adopted b! o) t%e
reainin&eber' o) t%e board 8"en i) t%e ri&%t o) due proce''
could be ri&%t)ull!in"o5ed, 'till, in adini'trati"e
proceedin&', t%e e''ence o) due proce'' i''ipl! t%e opportunit!
>o e*plain one' 'ide. T%u', in certain proceedin&'
o)adini'trati"e c%aracter, t%e ri&%t to a notice or %earin&
are not e''ential todue proce'' o) la, t%e con'titutional
re(uireent o) due proce'' i' et b! a )air %earin& be)ore a
re&ularl!
e'tabli'%ed adini'trati"e a&enc! Or tribunal. It i' not
e''ential t%at
%earin&' be %ad be)ore t%e a5in& o) a deterination i)
t%erea)ter, t%ere i'a"ailable trial and tribunal be)ore %ic% all
ob6ection' and de)en'e' lo t%ea5in& o) 'uc% deterination a! be
rai'ed and con'idered. One ade(uate%earin& i' all t%at due
proce'' re(uire'. T%e ri&%t to cro''e*aine i' not
anindi'pen'able a'pect o) due proce''. Att!. de Jera recei"ed a
cop! o) t%ecoplaint a&ain't %i and t%at %e a' pre'ent %en t%e
atter a' ta5enup. Fro t%e tran'cript o) t%e 'teno&rap%ic note'
o) t%e a! 1, 2003eetin& %erein %e a' reo"ed, it i' patent t%at
%e a' &i"en )airopportunit! to de)end %i'el) a&ain't t%e
accu'ation' ade b! Att!. i"era.
10. RE: LETTER OF THE UP LAW FACULTY ENTITLED 10>>SC7 0
M!( 20117 "# BA#C7 ?L,o"!#o>D, C!-/o7 $.@
Sanction awaits a sbordinate who -isbehaves+
/he ri(ht to criticie the corts and 3dicial officers -st be
balanceda(ainst the e9all! pri-ordial concern that the independence
of the diciar!be protected fro- de inflence or interference+ 7n
cases where the criticsare not onl! citiens bt -e-bers of the ar"
3risprdence has repeatedl!affir-ed the athorit! of this Cort to
discipline law!ers whose state-entsre(ardin( the corts and fellow
law!ers" whether 3dicial or e.tra3dicial"
have e.ceeded the li-its of fair co--ent and co--on decenc!+
S%ortl! a)ter t%e proul&ation o) t%e Supree Court deci'ion
in:in!a v+ ;.ective Secretar!#t%e :in!adeci'ion$, t%e ca'e
in"ol"in& t%eFilipino co)ort oen durin& t%e 9apane'e
occupation, t%e coun'el )or t%epetitioner' t%erein )iled, )ir't, a
otion )or econ'ideration reiteratin& t%e)undaental
re'pon'ibilit! o) 'tate' in protectin& it' citiEen'+ %uan
ri&%t''peci)icall! pertainin& to 3s co(ens nor' and,
'econd, a 'uppleentt%ereto a''ertin& t%at t%e :in!a deci'ion a'
pla&iariEed )ro di))erent'ource' and t%at t%e true intent' o)
t%e pla&iariEed 'ource' ere ti'ted b!t%eponente, 9u'tice ariano
del Ca'tillo #9u'tice del Ca'tillo$, to 'uit t%ear&uent' laid
don in 'aid deci'ion.
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Ji'a"i' t%e Court+' )oration o) an et%ic' coittee ta'5ed
toin"e'ti&ate t%e "eracit! o) t%e alle&ed pla&iari',
t%e aut%or' %o erepurportedl! pla&iariEed 'ent t%eir re'pecti"e
letter' to t%e Supree Court,notin& t%e i'readin& andor
i'repre'entation o) t%eir article'. Hence, int%eir article', t%e!
ar&ue t%at t%e crie' o) rape, torture and 'e*ual 'la"er!can be
cla''i)ied a' crie' a&ain't %uanit!, t%u' attainin& t%e 3s
co(ens'tatu'B con'e(uentl!, it '%all be obli&ator! upon t%e
State to 'ee5 reedie'on be%al) o) it' a&&rie"ed citiEen'.
Hoe"er, t%e :in!adeci'ion cited t%eto 'upport t%e contrar!
'tand.
In re'pon'e to t%i' contro"er'!, t%e )acult! o)
acae up it% a 'tateent entitled ?e'torin& Inte&rit!: A
Stateent b! t%eFacult! o) t%e an&ua&e abound' it%countle''
po''ibilitie' )or one to be ep%atic but re'pect)ul, con"incin&
butnot dero&ator!, illuinatin& but not o))en'i"e.
In a lon& line o) ca'e', t%e Court %a' %eld t%at t%e
ri&%t to criticiEet%e court' and 6udicial o))icer' u't be
balanced a&ain't t%e e(uall!priordial concern t%at t%e
independence o) t%e 9udiciar! be protected )ro
due in)luence or inter)erence. In ca'e' %ere t%e critic' are not
onl! citiEen'but eber' o) t%e =ar, 6uri'prudence %a' repeatedl!
a))ired t%e aut%orit!o) t%i' Court to di'cipline la!er' %o'e
'tateent' re&ardin& t%e court' and)ello la!er', %et%er
6udicial or e*tra6udicial, %a"e e*ceeded t%e liit' o))air coent and
coon decenc!.
The Sho% Cause &esolution does not violate respondents(
academicfreedom as la% professors
T%ere i' not%in& in t%e S%o Cau'e e'olution t%at dictate'
uponre'pondent' t%e 'ub6ect atter t%e! can teac% and t%e anner o)
t%eir
in'truction. oreo"er, it i' not incon'i'tent it% t%e principle
o) acadeic)reedo )or t%i' Court to 'ub6ect la!er' %o teac% la to
di'ciplinar! action)or contuaciou' conduct and 'peec%, coupled it%
undue inter"ention in)a"or o) a part! in a pendin& ca'e, it%out
ob'er"in& proper procedure, e"eni) purportedl! done in t%eir
capacit! a' teac%er'.
Acadeic )reedo cannot be 'ucce'')ull! in"o5ed b! re'pondent'
int%i' ca'e. T%e con'titutional ri&%t to )reedo o) e*pre''ion
o) eber' o)t%e =ar a! be circu'cribed b! t%eir et%ical dutie' a'
la!er' to &i"e duere'pect to t%e court' and to up%old t%e
public+' )ait% in t%e le&al pro)e''ionand t%e 6u'tice '!'te.
T%e Court belie"e' t%at t%e rea'on t%at )reedo o)e*pre''ion a! be
'o deliited in t%e ca'e o) la!er' applie' it% &reater
)orce to t%e acadeic )reedo o) la pro)e''or'.
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T%e Court reiterate' t%at la!er' %en t%e! teac% la arecon'idered
en&a&ed in t%e practice o) la. ater, 'e"eral aendent' in
t%e I=P =!>a' ere introduced, aon&%ic% ere t%e pro"i'ion'
relatin& to t%e election o) it' national o))icer'. In=ar atter
-o. 2D, dated 9ul! , 13, t%e Court appro"ed t%erecoendation
alloin& t%e I=PPre'ident, t%e 8JP and t%e o))icer' o) t%eHou'e
o) ;ele&ate' to be directl! elected b! t%e Hou'e o)
;ele&ate'.
&otation by "'clusion
A' clari)ied in t%e ;eceber 4, 2012 e'olution o) t%e Court, t%e
rotation'%ould be b! e*clu'ion. In 'aid re'olution, it a'
'tated:
e'olution o) t%e Court
e: I=Pe'tern Ji'a!a' e&ion
A)ter an a''iduou' re"ie o) t%e )act', t%e i''ue' and t%e
ar&uent' rai'edb! t%e partie' in"ol"ed, t%e Court )ind' i'do in
t%e po'ition o) t%e I=P=O7, t%rou&% retired 9u'tice
Santia&o . Uapunan, t%at at t%e 'tart o) a nerotational c!cle
Gall c%apter' are deeed (uali)ied to "ie )or t%e
&o"ernor'%ip)or t%e 2011201 ter it%out pre6udice to t%e
c%apter' enterin& into acon'en'u' to adopt an! preordained
'e(uence in t%e ne rotation c!clepro"ided eac% c%apter ill %a"e it'
turn in t%e rotation.G Stated di))erentl!, t%e
I=P=O7 recoend' t%e adoption o) t%e rotation b! e*clu'ion
'c%ee.T%e Court (uote' it% appro"al t%e rea'on' &i"en b! t%e
I=P=O7 on t%i''core:
/. A)ter due deliberation, t%e =oard o) 7o"ernor' a&reed and
re'ol"ed torecoend ad%erence to t%e principle o) Grotation b!
e*clu'ionG ba'ed ont%e )olloin& rea'on':
a$ 8lection t%rou&% Grotation b! e*clu'ionG i' t%e ore
e'tabli'%edrule in t%e I=P. T%e rule pre'cribe' t%at once a eber o)
t%ec%apter i' elected a' 7o"ernor, %i' c%apter ould be e*cluded in
t%e
ne*t turn until all %a"e ta5en t%eir turn' in t%e rotation
c!cle. Once a)ull rotation c!cle end' and a )re'% c!cle coence',
all t%ec%apter' in t%e re&ion are once a&ain entitled to
"ie but 'ub6ect a&ainto t%e rule on rotation b! e*clu'ion.
b$ 8lection t%rou&% a Grotation b! e*clu'ionG allo' )or a
oredeocratic election proce''. T%e rule pro"ide' )or )reedo o)
c%oice%ile up%oldin& t%e e(uitable principle o) rotation %ic%
a''ure' t%ate"er! eberc%apter %a' it' turn in e"er! rotation
c!cle.
c$ On t%e ot%er %and, rotation b! preordained 'e(uence, or
electionba'ed on t%e 'ae order a' t%e pre"iou' c!cle, tend' to
de)eat t%e
purpo'e o) an election. T%e eleent o) c%oice V %ic% i' crucial
to adeocratic proce'' V i' "irtuall! reo"ed. Onl! one c%apter
could"ie )or election at e"er! turn a' t%e entire 'e(uence, )ro
)ir't to la't,i' alread! predeterined b! t%e order in t%e pre"iou'
rotation c!cle.T%i' concept o) rotation b! preordained 'e(uence
ne&ate' )reedoo) c%oice, %ic% i' t%e bedroc5 o) an! deocratic
election proce''.
d$ T%e pronounceent o) t%e Special Coittee, %ic% t%eSupree Court
a! %a"e adopted in A -o. 032SC, in"ol"in&t%e application o) t%e
rotation rule in t%e pre"iou' election )or 7a! not be
controllin&, not bein& one o) t%e principal i''ue' rai'ed
int%e 7 election'.
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D. T%u', appl!in& t%e principle o) Mrotation b! e*clu'ion+
in e'tern Ji'a!a'%ic% 'tart' it% a ne rotation c!cle, all c%apter'
#it% t%e e*ception o)oblon$ are deeed (uali)ied to "ie )or t%e
7o"ernor'%ip )or 2011201ter it%out pre6udice to t%e c%apter'
enterin& into a con'en'u' to adopt an!preordained 'e(uence in
t%e ne rotation c!cle pro"ided eac% c%apter ill%a"e it' turn in t%e
rotation.
T%e Court ta5e' notice o) t%e predictabilit! o) t%e rotation b!
'ucce''ion'c%ee. T%rou&% t%e rotation b! e*clu'ion 'c%ee, t%e
election' ould be
ore &enuine a' t%e opportunit! to 'er"e a' 7o"ernor at an!
tie i' oncea&ain open to all c%apter', unle'', o) cour'e, a
c%apter %a' alread! 'er"ed int%e ne c!cle. %ile predictabilit! i'
not alto&et%er a"oided, a' in t%e ca'e%ere onl! one c%apter
reain' in t%e c!cle, 'till, a' pre"iou'l! noted b! t%eCourt Gt%e
rotation rule '%ould be applied in %aron! it%, and not
indero&ation o), t%e 'o"erei&n ill o) t%e electorate a'
e*pre''ed t%rou&% t%eballot.G
T%u', a' applied in t%e I=Pe'tern Ji'a!a' e&ion, initiall!,
all t%e c%apter''%all %a"e t%e e(ual opportunit! to "ie )or t%e
po'ition o) 7o"ernor )or t%ene*t c!cle e*cept oblon, 'o a' no
c%apter '%all 'er"e con'ecuti"el!.8"er! inner '%all t%en be
e*cluded a)ter it' ter. oblon t%en 6oin' t%e'ucceedin&
election' a)ter t%e )ir't inner in t%e c!cle./4
A' 'tated t%erein, it ould be it%out pre6udice to t%e
re&ion' enterin& into acon'en'u' to adopt an! preordained
'e(uence in t%e ne rotation c!cle,pro"ided eac% re&ion ould
%a"e it' turn in t%e rotation.
A' noted b! t%e Court in it' ;eceber 4, 2012 e'olution, t%ere i'
a 'en'eo) predictabilit! in t%e rotation b! t%e preordained 'c%ee.
T%rou&% t%erotation b! e*clu'ion 'c%ee, t%e election' ill be
ore &enuine, a' t%eopportunit! to 'er"e at an! tie i' once
a&ain open to all, unle'', o) cour'e,a re&ion %a' alread!
'er"ed in t%e ne c!cle. %ile predictabilit! i' not
alto&et%er a"oided, a' in t%e ca'e %ere onl! one re&ion
reain' in t%ec!cle, 'till, a' pre"iou'l! noted b! t%e Court Gt%e
rotation rule '%ould beapplied in %aron! it%, and not in
dero&ation o), t%e 'o"erei&n ill o) t%eelectorate a'
e*pre''ed t%rou&% t%e ballot.G/3
The December )*+ ,-)- &esolution
T%e Court, in it' ;eceber 14, 2010 e'olution, ordered t%e
election o) t%e8JPI=P )or t%e ne*t ter ba'ed on t%e inaccurate
report o) t%e SpecialCoittee. A' a con'e(uence t%ereo), >ibario'
o) I=P8a'tern indanao i'
no t%e I=P Pre'ident. He, %oe"er, i' part o) t%e -,o"#
o/!/)o"!**,becau'e 1] in JeleE, it a' cate&oricall! ruled t%at
t%e 'er"ice o) t%en
8JP ;e Jera, repre'entin& t%e 8a'tern indanao re&ion,
o48*,/,# /(,3)-/ o/!/)o"!* *,B and 2] %e could not be part o) t%e
)ir't rotational c!clebecau'e 8JP de Jera o) t%e 'ae re&ion %ad
alread! been elected a' 'uc%.
It i' to be noted t%at in t%e ;eceber 14, 2010 e'olution, t%e
Court did notcate&oricall! o"erturn t%e rulin& in JeleE. It
erel! directed t%e election o) t%ene*t 8JP, it%out an! re)erence to
an! rotational c!cle.
To declare t%at t%e )ir't rotational c!cle a' not !et copleted
ill cau'e orecon)u'ion t%an 'olution. In )act, it %a' 'paned t%i'
current contro"er'!. Tocon'ider t%e 'er"ice o) current pre'ident,
>ibario', a' part o) t%e )ir'trotational c!cle ould copletel!
i&nore t%e rulin& in JeleE.
The Best ption/ pen to All &egions
To a"oid t%e endle'' con)lict', con)u'ion' and contro"er'ie'
%ic% %a"ebeen irritabl! pla&uin& t%e I=P, t%e 'olution i'
to 'tart anot%er rotationalround, a ne% cycle+ open to all regions
. At an! rate, all re&ion', a)ter t%eelection o) >ibario',
ould be con'idered a' alread! %a"in& it' turn in t%epre'idenc!.
T%i' i' not to detract )ro t%e )act t%at under Section 4D, a'
aended, and )ro t%e pertinent rulin&', t%e po'ition o)
8JPI=P i' t%e onebein& actuall! rotated, but a' 'tated in t%e
;eceber 14, 2010 e'olution, itill enable t%e I=P Gto 'tart on a
clean and correct 'late, )ree )ro t%epolitic5in& and t%e under
%anded tactic' t%at %a"e c%aracteriEed t%e I=Pelection' )or 'o
lon&.G
Section *0 of the IBP By12a%s should be further amended
Section 4D and Section 4 o) t%e I=P =!la' '%ould a&ain be
aended.Stre'' '%ould be placed on t%e autoatic 'ucce''ion o) t%e
8JP to t%epo'ition o) t%e pre'ident. Surpri'in&l!, t%e autoatic
'ucce''ion doe' notappear in pre'ent Section 4D, a' ordered aended
b! t%e Court in t%e;eceber 14, 2010 e'olution. It '%ould be
re'tored. Accordin&l!, Section4D and Section 4, Article JII,
are recoended to read a' )ollo':
Sec. 4D. 8lection o) -ational Pre'ident 8*ecuti"e Jice
Pre'ident. V T%eInte&rated =ar o) t%e P%ilippine' '%all %a"e a
Pre'ident, an 8*ecuti"e JicePre'ident, and nine #$ re&ional
7o"ernor'. T%e 7o"ernor' '%all be e*o))icioJice Pre'ident )or t%eir
re'pecti"e re&ion'.
T%e =oard o) 7o"ernor' '%all elect t%e Pre'ident and 8*ecuti"e
Jice
Pre'ident )ro aon& t%e'el"e' eac% b! a "ote o) at lea't )i"e
#3$
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/apr2013/am_09-5-2-sc_2013.html#fnt64http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/apr2013/am_09-5-2-sc_2013.html#fnt65http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/apr2013/am_09-5-2-sc_2013.html#fnt64http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/apr2013/am_09-5-2-sc_2013.html#fnt65
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7o"ernor'. ea"e to Inter"ene and to Adit t%eAttac%ed Petition In
Inter"entionB
2] DECLARE t%at t%e election )or t%e po'ition o) t%e 8JP )or
t%e2011201 ter be o8," /o !** ,B)o"-.
] AMENDSection 4D and Section 4, Article JII o) t%e I=P
=!>a'to read a' recoended in t%e bod! o) t%i' di'po'ition.
4] CREATEa peranent Coittee )or I=P A))air'.
SO ORDERED.
110. USTOS V. LUCERO
FACTS: T%e petitioner %erein, an accu'ed in a criinal ca'e,
)iled a otionit% t%e Court o) Fir't In'tance o) Papan&a a)ter
%e %ad been bound o"erto t%at court )or trial, pra!in& t%at t%e
record o) t%e ca'e be reanded to t%e
6u'tice o) t%e peace court o) a'antol, t%e court o) ori&in,
in order t%at t%epetitioner i&%t cro''e*aine t%e coplainant and
%er itne''e' inconnection it% t%eir te'tion!, on t%e 'tren&t%
o) %ic% arrant a' i''ued)or t%e arre't o) t%e accu'ed. T%e otion a'
denied and t%at denial i' t%e'ub6ect atter o) t%i'
proceedin&.
Accordin& to t%e eorandu 'ubitted b! t%e petitioner'
attorne! to t%eCourt o) Fir't In'tance in 'upport o) %i' otion, t%e
accu'ed, a''i'ted b!coun'el, appeared at t%e preliinar!
in"e'ti&ation. In t%at in"e'ti&ation, t%e
6u'tice o) t%e peace in)ored %i o) t%e c%ar&e' and a'5ed %i
i) %e pleaded
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&uilt! or not &uilt!, upon %ic% %e entered t%e plea o)
not &uilt!. GT%en %i'coun'el o"ed t%at t%e coplainant pre'ent
%er e"idence 'o t%at '%e and%er itne''e' could be e*ained and
cro''e*ained in t%e anner and)or pro"ided b! la.G T%e )i'cal and
t%e pri"ate pro'ecutor ob6ected,in"o5in& 'ection 11 o) rule 10,
and t%e ob6ection a' 'u'tained. GIn "iet%ereo), t%e accu'ed'
coun'el announced %i' intention to renounce %i' ri&%tto pre'ent
e"idence,G and t%e 6u'tice o) t%e peace )orarded t%e ca'e to
t%ecourt o) )ir't in'tance.
ISSUE: - t%e de)endant can copel t%e coplaint and %i' itne''e'
torepeat in %i' pre'ence %at t%e! %ad 'aid at t%e preliinar!
e*aination
be)ore t%e i''uance o) t%e order o) arre't.
HELD: -O. >ea"in& a'ide t%e (ue'tion %et%er t%e accu'ed,
a)terrenouncin& %i' ri&%t to pre'ent e"idence, and b!
rea'on o) t%at ai"er %e
a' coitted to t%e corre'pondin& court )or trial, i'
e'topped, e are o) t%e
opinion t%at t%e re'pondent 6ud&e did not act in e*ce'' o)
%i' 6uri'diction or inabu'e o) di'cretion in re)u'in& to
&rant t%e accu'ed' otion to return t%e
record )or t%e purpo'e 'et out t%erein.
=ut e ade it clear t%at t%e Gde)endant cannot, a' a atter o)
ri&%t, copelt%e coplaint and %i' itne''e' to repeat in %i'
pre'ence %at t%e! %ad 'aidat t%e preliinar! e*aination be)ore t%e
i''uance o) t%e order o) arre't.G ecalled attention to t%e )act
t%at Gt%e con'titutional ri&%t o) an accu'ed to becon)ronted b!
t%e itne''e' a&ain't %i doe' not appl! to
preliinar!%earin&' nor ill t%e ab'ence o) a preliinar!
e*aination be anin)rin&eent o) %i' ri&%t to con)ront
itne''e'.G A' a atter o) )act,preliinar! in"e'ti&ation a! be
done aa! it% entirel! it%out in)rin&in&t%e con'titutional
ri&%t o) an accu'ed under t%e due proce'' clau'e to a
)airtrial.
T%e )ore&oin& deci'ion a' rendered b! a di"ided court.
T%e inorit! ent)art%er t%an t%e a6orit! and denied e"en an!
di'cretion on t%e part o) t%e
6u'tice o) t%e peace or 6ud&e %oldin& t%e preliinar!
in"e'ti&ation to copelt%e coplainant and %i' itne''e' to
te'ti)! ane.
111. PN V. ASUNCION
FACTS: P%ilippine -ational =an5 #%erea)ter re)erred to a' t%e
petitioner$, on9anuar! 1/, 1/, &ranted in )a"or o) re'pondent
Fabar Incorporated "ariou'credit accoodation' and ad"ance' in t%e
)or o) a di'countin& line,o"erdra)t line, teporar! o"erdra)t
line and letter' o) credit co"erin& t%eiportation o) ac%iner!
and e(uipent. Petitioner li5ei'e ade ad"ance'b! a! o) in'urance
preiu' co"erin& t%e c%attel' 'ub6ect atter o) aort&a&e
'ecurin& t%e a)oreentioned credit accoodation'. Said
creditaccoodation' %ad an out'tandin& balance o) P,44,1/. a' o)
a!1, 1DD.
All o) t%e abo"e credit accoodation' are 'ecured b! t%e 6oint
and 'e"eral'i&nature' o) 9o'e a. =arredo, Caren =. =orroeo and
Toa' >.=orroeo #pri"ate re'pondent' %erein$ and anuel H. =arredo
For )ailure o)pri"ate re'pondent' to pa! t%eir obli&ation'
notit%'tandin& repeateddeand', petitioner in'tituted a ca'e )or
collection a&ain't all pri"atere'pondent' and anuel H. =arredo
in a coplaint dated October 1, 1D2,and %ic% a' )iled be)ore t%e
'ala o) t%e Honorable 8lia' =. A'uncion,9ud&e o) t%e Court o)
Fir't In'tance o) anila, =ranc% WII #%erea)ter re)erredto a' t%e
re'pondent Court$.
On a! 1, 1D3, be)ore t%e ca'e could be decided, anuel H.
=arredodied. In a ani)e'tation dated 9une /, 1D3, coun'el )or
pri"ate re'pondent'in)ored t%e re'pondent Court o) 'aid deat%.
Sub'e(uentl!, re'pondent Court i''ued an Order o) di'i''al
dated-o"eber 2, 1D/.
ISS
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oreo"er, no le'' t%an t%e -e Con'titution o) t%e P%ilippine', in
Section 3,Article W, pro"ide' t%at rule' proul&ated b! t%e
Supree Court '%ould notdiini'%, increa'e or odi)! 'ub'tanti"e
ri&%t'.
H88FO8, 98; O;8S OF 8SPO-;8-T COI;AQ ;8=TOS, TH8 CAS8 IS
8A-;8; TO 8SPO-;8-T COocal 7o"ernent Code becau'e:X T%e "oter'
o) t%e parent pro"ince o) -e&ro' Occidental, ot%er t%an
t%o'eli"in& it%in t%e territor! o) t%e ne pro"ince o)
-e&ro' del -orte, ere notincluded in t%e plebi'cite.X T%e area
%ic% ould copri'e t%e ne pro"ince o) -e&ro' del -orteould onl!
be about 2,3/.3/ '(. 5., %ic% i' le''er t%an t%e iniu
areapre'cribed b! t%e &o"ernin& 'tatute, Sec. 1D o)
>7C.
I''ue:O- t%e plebi'cite a' le&al and coplied it% t%e
con'titutional re(ui'ite'
o) t%e Con'ititution, %ic% 'tate' t%at ?Sec. . -o pro"ince,
cit!,unicipalit! or barrio a! be created, di"ided, er&ed,
aboli'%ed, or it'boundar! 'ub'tantiall! altered e*cept in
accordance it% t%e criteriae'tabli'%ed in t%e >ocal 7o"ernent
Code, and 'ub6ect to t%e appro"al b! aa6orit! o) t%e "ote' in a
plebi'cite in t%e unit or unit' a))ected@ -O.
Held:%ene"er a pro"ince i' created, di"ided or er&ed and
t%ere i' 'ub'tantialalteration o) t%e boundarie', ?t%e appro"al o)
a a6orit! o) "ote' in t%eplebi'cite in t%e unit or unit' a))ected@
u't )ir't be obtained. T%e creation o)t%e propo'ed ne pro"ince o)
-e&ro' del -orte ill nece''aril! re'ult in t%edi"i'ion and
alteration o) t%e e*i'tin& boundarie' o) -e&ro'
Occidental
#parent pro"ince$.
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Plain and 'iple lo&ic ill deon'trate t%at to political unit'
ould bea))ected. T%e )ir't ould be t%e parent pro"ince o)
-e&ro' Occidentalbecau'e it' boundarie' ould be 'ub'tantiall!
altered. T%e ot%er a))ectedentit! ould be copo'ed o) t%o'e in t%e
area 'ubtracted )ro t%e ot%erpro"ince to con'titute t%e propo'ed
pro"ince o) -e&ro' del -orte.
Parede' "'. 8*ecuti"e #7.. -o. 33/2$ '%ould not be ta5en a' a
doctrinal orcopellin& precedent. at%er, t%e di''entin& "ie
o) 9u'tice Abad Santo' i'applicable, to it:
?Y%en t%e Con'titution 'pea5' o) ?t%e unit or unit' a))ected@ it
ean' all o)t%e people o) t%e unicipalit! i) t%e unicipalit! i' to
be di"ided 'uc% a' int%e ca'e at bar or o) t%e people o) to or ore
unicipalitie' i) t%ere be aer&er.@
T%e reainin& portion o) t%e parent pro"ince i' a' uc% an
area a))ected.T%e 'ub'tantial alteration o) t%e boundarie' o) t%e
parent pro"ince, not toention t%e ad"er'e econoic e))ect' it
i&%t 'u))er, elo(uentl! ar&ue t%epoint' rai'ed b! t%e
petitioner'.@SC pronounced t%at t%e pleb'cite %a' no le&al
e))ect )or bein& a patentnullit!.
11. A48o"B -. CSC7 G.R. 16$'167 AB. 267 2007 56% SCRA 2'%
FACTS: Petitioner Sara% P. Apon& and ;ecir ere public 'c%ool
teac%er'
under t%e 'uper"i'ion o) t%e ;epartent o) 8ducation, Culture and
Sport'
#;8CS$. >ater, Apon& tran')erred to t%e e&ional Trial
Court #TC$ in
Alabel, Saran&ani Pro"ince, %ere '%e a' appointed a' Court
Interpreter
III. On 9ul! 3,14, a oan repre'entin& %er'el) a' 8"el!n
;ecir ent to
t%e Ci"il Ser"ice e&ional O))ice #CSO$ -o. WI, ;a"ao Cit!,
to clai a cop!
o) %er P=8T Certi)icate o) 8li&ibilit!. ;urin& t%e
cour'e o) t%e tran'action, t%eCSO per'onnel noticed t%at t%e oan
did not re'eble t%e picture o) t%e
e*ainee in t%e Picture Seat Plan #PSP$.
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Court, and criinall! liable to t%e State under t%e e"i'ed Penal
Code )or %i'
)eloniou' act.
In t%e ab'ence o) an! adini'trati"e action ta5en a&ain't %i
b! t%e Court
it% re&ard to %i' certi)icate' o) 'er"ice, t%e
in"e'ti&ation bein& conducted b!
t%e Obud'an encroac%e' into t%e Court+' poer o)
adini'trati"e
'uper"i'ion o"er all court' and it' per'onnel, in "iolation o)
t%e doctrine o)
'eparation o) poer'.
Art. JIII, Sec. / o) t%e Con'titution e*clu'i"el! "e't' in t%e
SC adini'trati"e
'uper"i'ion o"er all court' and court per'onnel, )ro t%e
Pre'idin& 9u'tice o)
t%e CA don to t%e loe't unicipal trial court cler5. =! "irtue o)
t%i' poer,
it i' onl! t%e SC t%at can o"er'ee t%e 6ud&e'+ and court
per'onnel+'
copliance it% all la', and ta5e t%e proper adini'trati"e action
a&ain't
t%e i) t%e! coit an! "iolation t%ereo). -o ot%er branc% o)
&o"ernenta! intrude into t%i' poer, it%out runnin& a)oul o)
t%e doctrine o)
'eparation o) poer'.
%ere a criinal coplaint a&ain't a 6ud&e or ot%er court
eplo!ee ari'e'
)ro t%eir adini'trati"e dutie', t%e Obud'an u't de)er action on
'aid
coplaint and re)er t%e 'ae to t%e SC )or deterination %et%er
'aid 6ud&e
or court eplo!ee %ad acted it%in t%e 'cope o) t%eir
adini'trati"e dutie'.
116. D E V E R A - . P E L A Y O ? G . R . N o .1 % $ % 5 @
F ! / - :P e t i t i o n e r i ' n o t a e b e r o ) t % e b a r
.P o ' ' e ' ' i n & ' o e a a r e n e ' ' o ) l e & a lp r
i n c i p l e ' a n d p r o c e d u r e ' , % e r e p r e ' e n t
'% i ' e l ) i n t % i ' p e t i t i o n . O n A u & u ' t 2 ,1
/ , p e t i t i o n e r i n ' t i t u t e d i t % t % e e & i o
n a l T r i a l C o u r t , P a ' i & C i t ! a ' p e c i a lc
i " i l a c t i o n ) o r c e r t i o r a r i , p r o % i b i t i o
n
a n d a n d a u ' t o e n 6 o i n t % e u n i c i p a lt r i a l
c o u r t ) r o p r o c e e d i n & i t % a
c o p l a i n t ) o r e 6 e c t e n t a & a i n ' t p e t i
t i o n e r . % e n t % e 9 u d & e o r i & i n a l l ! a '
' i & n e d t ot % e c a ' e i n % i b i t e d % i ' e l ) , t
% e c a ' e a 'r e r a ) ) l e d t o r e ' p o n d e n t 9 u d
& e = e n 6 a i nJ . P e l a ! o . On 9 u l ! , 1 , t % e t r i
a lc o u r t d e n i e d p e t i t i o n e r + ' a p p l i c a t i
o n) o r a t e p o r a r ! r e ' t r a i n i n & o r d e r .P e
t i t i o n e r o " e d ) o r r e c o n ' i d e r a t i o n . T %
ec o u r t d e n i e d t % e ' a e o n S e p t e b e r 1 ,
1 . O n S e p t e b e r 2 , 1 , p e t i t i o n e r ) i l e d i
t % t % e O ) ) i c e o ) t % e O b u d ' a n a na ) ) i d a " i t
c o p l a i n t a & a i n ' t 9 u d & e P e l a ! o ,a c c
u ' i n & % i o ) " i o l a t i n & A r t i c l e ' 2 0 / a
n d2 0 D o ) t % e e " i ' e d P e n a l C o d e a n d e p u b l i
c A c t - o . 0 1 . O n O c t o b e r 2 ,1 , A ' ' o c i a t e 7 r
a ) t I n " e ' t i & a t i o nO ) ) i c e r , 8 r l i n d a S
. o 6 a ' ' u b i t t e d a n8 " a l u a t i o n e p o r t r e c o
e n d i n &r e ) e r r a l o ) p e t i t i o n e r ' + c o p l
a i n t t ot % e S u p r e eC o u r t . A''i'tant Obud'an Abelardo
>. Apotadera appro"ed t%e rec
oendation.O n O c t o b e r 1 , 1 , t % e O ) ) i c e o ) t % e
O b u d ' a n r e ) e r r e d t % e c a ' e t o t % eC o u r t
Adini'trator, Supree Court.O n - o " e b e r / , 1 , p e t i t i o
n e r o " e d) o r t % e r e c o n ' i d e r a t i o n o ) t % e 8
" a l u a t i o n e p o r t . O n 9 a n u a r ! 4 , 1 , t % eO b u
d ' a n d e n i e d t % e o t i o n ) o r r e c o n ' i d e r a t i
o n .I - - , : % e t % e r o r n o t t % e O b u d ' a n % a '
6 u r i ' d i c t i o n t o e n t e r t a i n c r i i n a l c %
a r & e '
) i l e d a & a i n ' t a 6 u d & e o ) t % e r e &
i o n a l t r i a lc o u r t i n c o n n e c t i o n i t % % i ' %
a n d l i n & o ) c a ' e ' b e ) o r e t % e c o u r t
H , * # :- o . e ) i n d n o & r a " e a b u ' e o ) d i ' c
r e t i o n
c o i t t e d b ! t % e O b u d ' a n . T % e
O b u d ' a n d i d n o t e * e r c i ' e % i ' p o e r i n
a n a r b i t r a r ! o r d e ' p o t i c a n n e r b ! r e a '
o n
o ) p a ' ' i o n , p r e 6 u d i c e o r p e r ' o n a l
% o ' t i l i t ! . T % e r e a ' n o e " a ' i o n o ) p o ' i
t i " e
d u t ! . - e i t % e r a ' t % e r e a " i r t u a l r e ) u '
a lt o p e r ) o r t % e d u t ! e n 6 o i n e d b ! l a .
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn16http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn16http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/july2000/137354.htm#_ftn16
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1 1 $ . C A O I E S V . O M U D S M A N
F!/-:
On a! 2, 1D, re'pondent Florentino . Alubre', Pre'idin&
9ud&e o)
=ranc% 233 o) t%e e&ional Trial Court o) >a' Pina' Cit!,
)iled be)ore t%e
O))ice o) t%e Obud'an, a Criinal Coplaint )or p%!'ical
in6urie', aliciou' i'c%ie) )or t%e de'truction o) coplainant+'
e!e&la''e',
and a''ault upon a per'on in aut%orit!. Alubre' alle&ed t%at
on a! 20,
1D, at t%e %alla! on t%e t%ird )loor o) t%e Hall o) 9u'tice,
>a' Pina' Cit!,
%e re(ue'ted petitioner 9ud&e Caoibe' #Pre'idin&
9ud&e o) TC 23$ to
return t%e e*ecuti"e table %e borroed )ro re'pondentB t%at
petitioner did
not an'er 'o re'pondent reiterated %i' re(ue't but be)ore %e
could )ini'%
tal5in&, petitioner blurted
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T%e Obud'an cannot dictate to, and bind t%e Court, to it'
)indin&' t%at a
ca'e be)ore it doe' or doe' not %a"e adini'trati"e iplication'.
To do 'o i'
to depri"e t%e Court o) t%e e*erci'e o) it' adini'trati"e
prero&ati"e' and to
arro&ate unto it'el) a poer not con'titutionall! 'anctioned.
T%i' i' a
dan&erou' polic! %ic% ipin&e', a' it doe', on 6udicial
independence.
'acedai' ep%atic t%at b! "irtue o) it' con'titutional poer o)
adini'trati"e
'uper"i'ion o"er all court' and court per'onnel, )ro t%e
Pre'idin& 9u'tice o)
t%e Court o) Appeal' don to t%e loe't unicipal trial court
cler5, it i'
onl! t%e Supree Court t%at can o"er'ee t%e 6ud&e'+ and court
per'onnel+'
copliance it% all la', and ta5e t%e proper adini'trati"e action
a&ain't
t%e i) t%e! coit an! "iolation t%ereo). -o ot%er branc% o)
&o"ernent
a! intrude into t%i' poer, it%out runnin& a)oul o) t%e
doctrine o)
'eparation o) poer'.
H88FO8, t%e petition )or certiorari i' %ereb! 7A-T8;. T%e
Obud'an i' %ereb! directed to di'i'' t%e coplaint )iled b!
re'pondent
9ud&e Florentino . Alubre' and to re)er t%e 'ae to t%i'
Court )or
appropriate action. 3Caoibes vs. mbudsman+ .&. #o. )4,)00+
$uly )5+
,--)6
11. FUENTES V. OM
F!/-:Pur'uant to t%e &o"ernent+' plan to con'truct it' )ir't
)l!o"er in;a"ao Cit!, t%e epublic o) t%e P%ilippine' )iled an
e*propriation ca'ea&ain't t%e oner' o) t%e propertie' a))ected
b! t%e pro6ect. T%ee*propriation ca'e a' pre'ided b! 9ud&e
enato A. Fuente'. T%e&o"ernent on t%e e*propriation ca'e. ;PH
'till oed t%e de)endant'lotoner'. T%e loer court &ranted Te''ie
Aadeo+' otion )or t%e i''uance o)a rit o) e*ecution a&ain't t%e
;PH to 'ati')! %er unpaid clai. On a! ,14, re'pondent S%eri))
Parali'an i''ued a -otice o) >e"!, addre''ed to t%ee&ional
;irector o) t%e ;PH, ;a"ao Cit!, de'cribin& t%e propertie'
'ub6ecto) t%e le"! a' MAll 'crap iron6un5' )ound in t%e prei'e' o)
t%e ;epartent o)Public or5' and Hi&%a!' depot at Panacan, ;a"ao
Cit!. T%e auction 'alepu'%ed t%rou&% and Ale* =ac(uial
eer&ed a' t%e %i&%e'tbidder. ean%ile, Ale* =ac(uial,
to&et%er it% re'pondent S%eri)) Parali'an,
attepted to it%dra t%e auctioned propertie' on a! 1, 14.
T%e!ere, %oe"er, pre"ented )ro doin& 'o b! t%e cu'todian o) t%e
'ub6ect
;PH propertie', a certain 8n&r. aon Ale6o, %o claied t%at
%i' o))icea' totall! unaare o) t%e auction 'ale, and in)ored t%e
'%eri)) t%at an! o)t%e propertie' it%in t%e %oldin& area o) t%e
depot ere 'till 'er"iceable andere due )or repair and
re%abilitation.
On t%e ba'i' o) letter' )ro Con&re''an anuel . 7arcia o) t%e
Second;i'trict o) ;a"ao Cit! and 8n&ineer aon A. Ale6o, t%e
Court Adini'trator,Supree Court directed 9ud&e enato A. Fuente'
and S%eri)) -orbertoParali'an to coent on t%e report recoendin&
t%e )ilin& o) an
adini'trati"e ca'e a&ain't t%e '%eri)) and ot%er per'on'
re'pon'ible )or t%eanoalou' ipleentation o) t%e rit o) e*ecution.
T%e ;epartent o) Publicor5' and Hi&%a!', t%rou&% t%e
Solicitor 7eneral, )iled an adini'trati"ecoplaint a&ain't
S%eri)) -orberto Parali'an )or conduct pre6udicial to t%ebe't
intere't o) t%e 'er"ice.T%e O))ice o) t%e Obud'anindanao recoended
t%at 9ud&e enato
A. Fuente' be c%ar&ed be)ore t%e Sandi&anba!an it%
"iolation o) epublicAct -o. 01, Section #e$ and li5ei'e be
adini'trati"el! c%ar&ed be)oret%e Supree Court it% act'
unbecoin& o) a 6ud&e.
;irector JalenEuela )iled it% t%e O))ice o) t%e ;eput! Obud'an
)orindanao a criinal coplaint c%ar&in& 9ud&e entao A.
Fuente' it%
"iolation o) epublic Act -o. 01, Section #e$.
Fuente' )iled it% t%e O))ice o) t%e Obud'anindanao a otion
todi'i'' coplaint andor ani)e'tation to )orard all record' to t%e
SupreeCourt.
Petitioner alle&ed t%at t%e re'pondent Obud'anindanao
coitted a&ra"e abu'e o) di'cretion aountin& to lac5 or
e*ce'' o) 6uri'diction %en %einitiated a criinal coplaint
a&ain't petitioner )or "iolation o) .A. -o. 01,Section [e]. And
%e conducted an in"e'ti&ation o) 'aid coplaint
a&ain'tpetitioner. T%u', %e encroac%ed on t%e poer o) t%e
Supree Court o)adini'trati"e 'uper"i'ion o"er all court' and it'
per'onnel.
T%e Solicitor 7eneral 'ubitted t%at t%e Obud'an a! conduct
anin"e'ti&ation becau'e t%e Supree Court i' not in po''e''ion
o) an! record%ic% ould "eri)! t%e propriet! o) t%e i''uance o) t%e
(ue'tioned order andrit. oreo"er, t%e Court Adini'trator %a' not
)iled an! adini'trati"e ca'ea&ain't petitioner 6ud&e t%at
ould po'e 'iilar i''ue' on t%e pre'ent in(uir!o) t%e
Obud'anindanao.
I--,:%et%er t%e Obud'an a! conduct an in"e'ti&ation o) act'
o) a6ud&e in t%e e*erci'e o) %i' o))icial )unction' alle&ed
to be in "iolation o) t%eAnti7ra)t and Corrupt Practice' Act, in
t%e ab'ence o) an adini'trati"ec%ar&e )or t%e 'ae act' be)ore
t%e Supree Court.
H,*#:-o.
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epublic Act -o. /DD0, ot%eri'e 5non a' t%e Obud'an Act o)
1,pro"ide':
?Sec. 13. Poer', Function' and ;utie'. T%e O))ice o) t%e
Obud'an'%all %a"e t%e )olloin& poer', )unction' and dutie': #1$
In"e'ti&ate andpro'ecute on it' on or on coplaint b! an!
per'on, an! act or oi''ion o)an! public o))icer or eplo!ee, o))ice
or a&enc!, %en 'uc% act or oi''ionappear' to be ille&al,
un6u't, iproper or ine))icient. It %a' priar!
6uri'diction o"er ca'e' co&niEable b! t%e Sandi&anba!an
and, in t%e e*erci'e
o) t%i' priar! 6uri'diction, it a! ta5e o"er, at an! 'ta&e,
)ro an!in"e'ti&ator! a&enc! o) 7o"ernent, t%e
in"e'ti&ation o) 'uc% ca'e'.@
T%u', t%e Obud'an a! not initiate or in"e'ti&ate a criinal
oradini'trati"e coplaint be)ore %i' o))ice a&ain't petitioner
6ud&e, pur'uantto %i' poer to in"e'ti&ate public o))icer'.
T%e Obud'an u't indor'e t%eca'e to t%e Supree Court, )or
appropriate action.
Article JIII, Section / o) t%e Con'titution e*clu'i"el! "e't' in
t%e SupreeCourt adini'trati"e 'uper"i'ion o"er all court' and court
per'onnel, )ro t%ePre'idin& 9u'tice o) t%e Court o) Appeal' to
t%e loe't unicipal trial courtcler5.
Hence, it i' t%e Supree Court t%at i' ta'5ed to o"er'ee t%e
6ud&e' and courtper'onnel and ta5e t%e proper adini'trati"e
action a&ain't t%e i) t%e!coit an! "iolation o) t%e la' o) t%e
land. -o ot%er branc% o) &o"ernenta! intrude into t%i' poer,
it%out runnin& a)oul o) t%e independence o) t%e
6udiciar! and t%e doctrine o) 'eparation o) poer'.
Petitioner+' (ue'tioned order directin& t%e attac%ent o)
&o"ernentpropert! and i''uin& a rit o) e*ecution ere done
in relation to %i' o))ice,ell it%in %i' o))icial )unction'. T%e
order a! be erroneou' or "oid )or lac5or e*ce'' o) 6uri'diction.
Hoe"er, %et%er or not 'uc% order o) e*ecutiona' "alid under t%e
&i"en circu'tance', u't be in(uired into in t%e cour'e
o) t%e 6udicial action onl! b! t%e Supree Court t%at i' ta'5ed
to 'uper"i'et%e court'. ?-o ot%er entit! or o))icial o) t%e
7o"ernent, not t%e pro'ecutionor in"e'ti&ation 'er"ice o) an!
ot%er branc%, not an! )unctionar! t%ereo), %a'copetence to re"ie a
6udicial order or deci'ion%et%er )inal ande*ecutor! or notand
pronounce it erroneou' 'o a' to la! t%e ba'i' )or acriinal or
adini'trati"e coplaint )or renderin& an un6u't 6ud&ent
ororder.
11'. RE: REUEST FOR GUIDANCECLARIFICATION ON SEC.$7 RULEIII OF
RA. 1015
A.M. No. 1%>0'>0>SC. O/o, 17 201%e: e(ue't )or
&uidanceclari)ication on 'ection D, ule III o)
epublic Act -o. 10134 e(uirin& etirin& 7o"ernent
8plo!ee'to Secure a Clearance o) Pendenc!-onPendenc! o) Ca'e'
)rot%e Ci"il Ser"ice Coi''ion
re(uireent o) 'ee5in& a Clearance o) Pendenc! -onPendenc! o)
Adini'trati"e Ca'e )ro t%e Ci"il Ser"ice Coi''ionebodied in Section
D, ule III o) t%e Ipleentin& ule' ande&ulation' o) epublic
Act -o. 10134 i' declared
INAPPLICALE to retirin& eplo!ee' o) t%e 9udiciar! Section /,
Article JIII o) t%e 1D P%ilippine
Con'titution#Con'titution$ e*clu'i"el! "e't' in t%e
Courtadini'trati"e 'uper"i'ion o"er all court' and court
per'onnel
To dee it ot%eri'e ould di're&ard t%e Court+'
con'titutionall!en'%rined
poer o) adini'trati"e 'uper"i'ion o"er it' per'onnel.
120. CHAVE; V. 9C ?2012@
F!/-: In 14, in'tead o) %a"in& onl! 'e"en eber', an
ei&%t% ebera' added to t%e 9=C a' to repre'entati"e' )ro
Con&re'' be&an 'ittin& in
t%e 9=C V one )ro t%e Hou'e o) epre'entati"e' and one )ro t%e
Senate,
it% eac% %a"in& one%al) #12$ o) a "ote. T%en, t%e 9=C 8n
=anc, in
'eparate eetin&' %eld in 2000 and 2001, decided to allo
t%e
repre'entati"e' )ro t%e Senate and t%e Hou'e o) epre'entati"e'
one )ull
"ote eac%. At pre'ent, Senator Franci' 9o'ep% 7. 8'cudero
and
Con&re''an -iel C. Tupa', 9r. #re'pondent'$ 'iultaneou'l!
'it in t%e 9=C
a' repre'entati"e' o) t%e le&i'lature. It i' t%i' practice
t%at petitioner %a'
(ue'tioned in t%i' petition. e'pondent' ar&ued t%at t%e cru*
o) t%e
contro"er'! i' t%e p%ra'e ?a repre'entati"e o) Con&re''.@ It
i' t%eir t%eor!
t%at t%e to %ou'e', t%e Senate and t%e Hou'e o) epre'entati"e',
are
peranent and andator! coponent' o) ?Con&re'',@ 'uc% t%at t%e
ab'ence
o) eit%er di"e't' t%e ter o) it' 'ub'tanti"e eanin& a'
e*pre''ed under t%e
Con'titution. =icaerali', a' t%e '!'te o) c%oice b! t%e Fraer',
re(uire'
t%at bot% %ou'e' e*erci'e t%eir re'pecti"e poer' in t%e
per)orance o) it'
andated dut! %ic% i' to le&i'late. T%u', %en Section #1$,
Article JIII o)
t%e Con'titution 'pea5' o) ?a repre'entati"e )ro Con&re'',@
it '%ould ean
one repre'entati"e eac% )ro bot% Hou'e' %ic% copri'e t%e
entire
Con&re''. e'pondent' )urt%er ar&ue t%at petitioner %a'
no ?real intere't@ in
(ue'tionin& t%e con'titutionalit! o) t%e 9=C+' current
copo'ition. T%e
re'pondent' al'o (ue'tion petitioner+' belated )ilin& o) t%e
petition.
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I--,-:#1$ %et%er or not t%e condition' 'ine (ua non )or t%e
e*erci'e o) t%e poer
o) 6udicial re"ie %a"e been et in t%i' ca'eB and
#2$ %et%er or not t%e current practice o) t%e 9=C to per)or it'
)unction'
it% ei&%t #$ eber', to #2$ o) %o are eber' o) Con&re'',
run'
counter to t%e letter and 'pirit o) t%e 1D Con'titution.
H,*#:#1$ Qe'. T%e Court'+ poer o) 6udicial re"ie i' 'ub6ect to
'e"eral liitation',
nael!: #a$ t%ere u't be an actual ca'e or contro"er'!
callin& )or t%e
e*erci'e o) 6udicial poerB #b$ t%e per'on c%allen&in&
t%e act u't %a"e
?'tandin&@ to c%allen&eB %e u't %a"e a per'onal and
'ub'tantial intere't in
t%e ca'e, 'uc% t%at %e %a' 'u'tained or ill 'u'tain, direct
in6ur! a' a re'ult o)
it' en)orceentB #c$ t%e (ue'tion o) con'titutionalit! u't be
rai'ed at t%e
earlie't po''ible opportunit!B and #d$ t%e i''ue o)
con'titutionalit! u't be t%e
"er! li' ota o) t%e ca'e. 7enerall!, a part! ill be alloed to
liti&ate onl!
%en t%e'e condition' 'ine (ua non are pre'ent, e'peciall! %en
t%e
con'titutionalit! o) an act b! a coe(ual branc% o) &o"ernent
i' put in i''ue.
T%e Court di'a&ree' it% t%e re'pondent'+ contention t%at
petitioner lo't %i'
'tandin& to 'ue becau'e %e i' not an o))icial noinee )or t%e
po't o) C%ie)
9u'tice. %ile it i' true t%at a ?per'onal 'ta5e@ on t%e ca'e i'
iperati"e to
%a"e locu' 'tandi, t%i' i' not to 'a! t%at onl! o))icial noinee'
)or t%e po't o)
C%ie) 9u'tice can coe to t%e Court and (ue'tion t%e 9=C
copo'ition )or
bein& uncon'titutional. T%e 9=C li5ei'e 'creen' and noinate'
ot%er
eber' o) t%e 9udiciar!. Albeit %ea"il! publiciEed in t%i'
re&ard, t%e 9=C+'
dut! i' not at all liited to t%e noination' )or t%e %i&%e't
a&i'trate in t%e
land. A "a't nuber o) a'pirant' to 6udicial po't' all o"er t%e
countr! a! bea))ected b! t%e Court+' rulin&. ore iportantl!,
t%e le&alit! o) t%e "er!
proce'' o) noination' to t%e po'ition' in t%e 9udiciar! i' t%e
nucleu' o) t%e
contro"er'!. T%e clai t%at t%e copo'ition o) t%e 9=C i'
ille&al and
uncon'titutional i' an ob6ect o) concern, not 6u't )or a noinee
to a 6udicial
po't, but )or all citiEen' %o %a"e t%e ri&%t to 'ee5
6udicial inter"ention )or
recti)ication o) le&al blunder'.
#2$ Qe'. T%e ord ?Con&re''@ u'ed in Article JIII, Section
#1$ o) t%e
Con'titution i' u'ed in it' &eneric 'en'e. -o particular
allu'ion %at'oe"er i'
ade on %et%er t%e Senate or t%e Hou'e o) epre'entati"e' i'
bein&re)erred to, but t%at, in eit%er ca'e, onl! a 'in&ular
repre'entati"e a! be
alloed to 'it in t%e 9=C. T%e 'e"eneber copo'ition o) t%e 9=C
'er"e'
a practical purpo'e, t%at i', to pro"ide a 'olution '%ould t%ere
be a 'taleate
in "otin&.
It i' e"ident t%at t%e de)inition o) ?Con&re''@ a' a
bicaeral bod! re)er' to it'
priar! )unction in &o"ernent V to le&i'late. In t%e
pa''a&e o) la', t%e
Con'titution i' e*plicit in t%e di'tinction o) t%e role o) eac%
%ou'e in t%e
proce''. T%e 'ae %old' true in Con&re''+ nonle&i'lati"e
poer'. An inter
pla! beteen t%e to %ou'e' i' nece''ar! in t%e realiEation o)
t%e'e poer'
cau'in& a "i"id dic%oto! t%at t%e Court cannot 'ipl!
di'count. T%i',
%oe"er, cannot be 'aid in t%e ca'e o) 9=C repre'entation becau'e
no
liai'on beteen t%e to %ou'e' e*i't' in t%e or5in&' o) t%e
9=C. Hence, t%e
ter ?Con&re''@ u't be ta5en to ean t%e entire
le&i'lati"e departent.
T%e Con'titution andate' t%at t%e 9=C be copo'ed o) 'e"en #D$
eber'
onl!.
-otit%'tandin& it' )indin& o) uncon'titutionalit! in t%e
current copo'ition o)
t%e 9=C, all it' prior o))icial action' are nonet%ele''
"alid.
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o) t%e incubent C%ie) 9u'tice. A' a re'ult, t%e 9=C opened t%e
po'ition o)
C%ie) 9u'tice )or application or recoendation, and publi'%ed )or
t%at
purpo'e it' announceent in t%e P%ilippine ;ail! In(uirer and t%e
P%ilippine
Star. In it' eetin& o) Februar! , 2010, t%e 9=C re'ol"ed to
proceed to t%e
ne*t 'tep o) announcin& t%e nae' o) t%e )olloin&
candidate' to in"ite to t%e
public to )ile t%eir 'orn coplaint, ritten report, or
oppo'ition, i) an!, not
later t%an Februar! 22, 2010. Alt%ou&% it %a' alread!
be&un t%e proce'' )or
t%e )illin& o) t%e po'ition o) C%ie) 9u'tice Puno in
accordance it% it' rule',
t%e 9=C i' not !et decided on %en to 'ubit to t%e Pre'ident it'
li't o)
noinee' )or t%e po'ition due to t%e contro"er'! in t%i' ca'e
bein&
unre'ol"ed. T%e copiled ca'e' %ic% led to t%i' ca'e and t%e
petition' o)
inter"enor' called )or eit%er t%e pro%ibition o) t%e 9=C to pa''
t%e '%ortli't,
andau' )or t%e 9=C to pa'' t%e '%ortli't, or t%at t%e act o)
appointin& t%e
ne*t C%ie) 9u'tice b! 7A i' a idni&%t appointent. A
precedent )re(uentl!
cited b! t%e partie' i' t%e In e Appointent' ;ated arc% 0, 1 o)
Hon.
ateo A. JalenEuela and Hon. Placido =. Jallarta a' 9ud&e' o)
t%e TC o)
=ranc% /2, =a&o Cit! and o) =ranc% 24, Cabanatuan Cit!,
re'pecti"el!,
'%ortl! re)erred to %ere a' t%e JalenEuela ca'e, b! %ic% t%e
Court %eld t%at
Section 13, Article JII pro%ibited t%e e*erci'e b! t%e Pre'ident
o) t%e poer
to appoint to 6udicial po'ition' durin& t%e period t%erein
)i*ed.
ISSUES:1. %et%er or not t%e petitioner' %a"e le&al
'tandin&.
2. %et%er or not t%ere i' 6u'ticiable contro"er'! t%at i' ripe
)or 6udicialdeterination.
. %et%er or not t%e incubent Pre'ident can appoint t%e ne*t
C%ie)9u'tice.
4. %et%er or not andau' and pro%ibition ill lie to copel
t%e'ubi''ion o) t%e '%ortli't o) noinee' b! t%e 9=C.
HELD:
1.Petitioner' %a"e le&al 'tandin& becau'e 'uc%
re(uireent )or t%i' ca'e
a' ai"ed b! t%e Court. >e&al 'tandin& i' a peculiar
concept in
con'titutional la becau'e in 'oe ca'e', 'uit' are not
brou&%t b! partie'
%o %a"e been per'onall! in6ured b! t%e operation o) a la or an!
ot%er
&o"ernent act but b! concerned citiEen', ta*pa!er' or "oter'
%o actuall!
'ue in t%e public intere't.@ =ut e"en i), 'trictl! 'pea5in&,
t%e petitioner' ?are
not co"ered b! t%e de)inition, it i' 'till it%in t%e ide
di'cretion o) t%e Court
to ai"e t%e re(uireent and 'o reo"e t%e ipedient to it'
addre''in&
and re'ol"in& t%e 'eriou' con'titutional (ue'tion'
rai'ed.@
2. T%ere i' a 6u'ticiable i''ue. T%e court %old' t%at t%e
petition' 'et )ort% an
actual ca'e or contro"er'! t%at i' ripe )or 6udicial
deterination. T%e realit! i'
t%at t%e 9=C alread! coenced t%e proceedin&' )or t%e
'election o) t%e
noinee' to be included in a '%ort li't to be 'ubitted to t%e
Pre'ident )or
con'ideration o) %ic% o) t%e ill 'ucceed C%ie) 9u'tice Puno a'
t%e ne*t
C%ie) 9u'tice. Alt%ou&% t%e po'ition i' not !et "acant, t%e
)act t%at t%e 9=C
be&an t%e proce'' o) noination pur'uant to it' rule' and
practice', alt%ou&%
it %a' !et to decide %et%er to 'ubit t%e li't o) noinee' to t%e
incubent
out&oin& Pre'ident or to t%e ne*t Pre'ident, a5e' t%e
'ituation ripe )or
6udicial deterination, becau'e t%e ne*t 'tep' are t%e public
inter"ie o) t%e
candidate', t%e preparation o) t%e '%ort li't o) candidate', and
t%e ?inter"ie
o) con'titutional e*pert', a' a! be needed.@ T%e re'olution o)
t%e
contro"er'! ill 'urel! 'ettle V it% )inalit! V t%e
na&&in& (ue'tion' t%at are
pre"entin& t%e 9=C )ro o"in& on it% t%e proce'' t%at it
alread! be&an, or
t%at are rea'on' per'uadin& t%e 9=C to de'i't )ro t%e re't
o) t%e proce''.
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.Pro%ibition under 'ection 13, Article JII doe' not appl! to
appointent' to
)ill a "acanc! in t%e Supree Court or to ot%er appointent' to
t%e 6udiciar!.
T%e record' o) t%e deliberation' o) t%e Con'titutional Coi''ion
re"eal t%at
t%e )raer' de"oted tie to eticulou'l! dra)tin&, 't!lin&,
and arran&in& t%e
Con'titution. Suc% eticulou'ne'' indicate' t%at t%e
or&aniEation and
arran&eent o) t%e pro"i'ion' o) t%e Con'titution ere not
arbitraril! or
%i'icall! done b! t%e )raer', but purpo'el! ade to re)lect t%eir
intention
and ani)e't t%eir "i'ion o) %at t%e Con'titution '%ould contain.
A' can be
'een, Article JII i' de"oted to t%e 8*ecuti"e ;epartent, and,
aon& ot%er',
it li't' t%e poer' "e'ted b! t%e Con'titution in t%e Pre'ident.
T%e
pre'idential poer o) appointent i' dealt it% in Section' 14, 13
and 1/ o)
t%e Article. Had t%e )raer' intended to e*tend t%e pro%ibition
contained in
Section 13, Article JII to t%e appointent o) eber' o) t%e Supree
Court,
t%e! could %a"e e*plicitl! done 'o. T%e! could not %a"e
i&nored t%e
eticulou' orderin& o) t%e pro"i'ion'. T%e! ould %a"e ea'il!
and 'urel!
ritten t%e pro%ibition ade e*plicit in Section 13, Article JII
a' bein& e(uall!
applicable to t%e appointent o) eber' o) t%e Supree Court in
Article
JIII it'el), o't li5el! in Section 4 #1$, Article JIII.
4.rit o) andau' doe' not lie a&ain't t%e 9=C. andau' '%all
i''ue%en an! tribunal, corporation, board, o))icer or per'on
unla)ull! ne&lect'
t%e per)orance o) an act t%at t%e la 'peci)icall! en6oin' a' a
dut! re'ultin&
)ro an o))ice, tru't, or 'tation. It i' proper %en t%e act
a&ain't %ic% it i'
directed i' one addre''ed to t%e di'cretion o) t%e tribunal or
o))icer.
andau' i' not a"ailable to direct t%e e*erci'e o) a 6ud&ent
or di'cretion
in a particular a!. For andau' to lie, t%e )olloin&
re(ui'ite' u't be
coplied it%: #a$ t%e plainti)) %a' a clear le&al ri&%t
to t%e act deandedB #b$it u't be t%e dut! o) t%e de)endant to
per)or t%e act, becau'e it i'
andated b! laB #c$ t%e de)endant unla)ull! ne&lect' t%e
per)orance o)
t%e dut! en6oined b! laB #d$ t%e act to be per)ored i'
ini'terial, not
di'cretionar!B and #e$ t%ere i' no appeal or an! ot%er plain,
'peed! and
ade(uate reed! in t%e ordinar! cour'e o) la.
122. CHAVE; V. 9C ?201%@
Fact': T%e ca'e i' a otion )or recon'ideration )iled b! t%e 9=C
in a prior
deci'ion rendered 9ul! 1D, 2012 t%at 9=C+' action o) alloin&
ore t%an one
eber o) t%e con&re'' to repre'ent t%e 9=C to be
uncon'titutional
e'pondent contend' t%at t%e p%ra'e ? a repre'entati"e o)
con&re''@ re)er'
t%at bot% %ou'e' o) con&re'' '%ould %a"e one repre'entati"e
eac%, and t%at
t%e'e to %ou'e' are peranent and andator! coponent' o)
?con&re''@
a' part o) t%e bicaeral '!'te o) le&i'lature. =ot% %ou'e'
%a"e t%eirre'pecti"e poer' in per)orance o) t%eir dutie'. Art JIII
Sec o) t%e
con'titution pro"ide' )or t%e coponent o) t%e 9=C to be D eber'
onl!
it% onl! one repre'entati"e )ro con&re''.
I''ue: - t%e 9=C+' practice o) %a"in& eber' )ro t%e Senate
and t%e
Hou'e o) epre'entati"e' to be uncon'titutional a' pro"ided in
Art JIII Sec
o) t%e con'titution.
Held: T%e practice i' uncon'titutionalB t%e court %eld t%at t%e
p%ra'e ?a
repre'entati"e o) con&re''@ '%ould be con'trued a' to
%a"in& onl! one
repre'entati"e t%at ould coe )ro eit%er %ou'e, not bot%. T%at
t%e )raer'
o) t%e con'titution onl! intended )or one 'eat o) t%e 9=C to be
allotted )or t%e
le&i'lati"e. T%e otion a' denied.
12%. NITAFAN V. CIR
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%52 SCRA 284 Political Law Constittional Law /he dicial
=epart-ent dicial Atono-! 7nco-e /a. Pa!-ent ! /he diciar!
9ud&e ;a"id -ita)an and 'e"eral ot%er 6ud&e' o) t%e
anila e&ional Trial
Court 'ee5 to pro%ibit t%e Coi''ioner o) Internal e"enue #CI$
)ro
a5in& an! deduction o) it%%oldin& ta*e' )ro t%eir
'alarie' or
copen'ation )or 'uc% ould tantaount to a diinution o) t%eir
'alar!,
%ic% i' uncon'titutional. 8arlier %oe"er, or on 9une D, 1D, t%e
Court en
banc%ad alread! rea))ired t%e directi"e o) t%e C%ie) 9u'tice
%ic% direct'
t%e continued it%%oldin& o) ta*e' o) t%e 6u'tice' and t%e
6ud&e' o)
t%e 6udiciar! V but t%e SC decided to rule on t%i' ca'e
nonet%ele'' to 'ettle
t%e i''ue once and )or all.
ISSUE: %et%er or not t%e eber' o) t%e 6udiciar! are e*ept )ro
t%epa!ent o) incoe ta*.
HELD: -o.T%e clear intent o) t%e )raer' o) t%e Con'titution,
ba'ed on t%eirdeliberation', a' -OT to e*ept 6u'tice' and
6ud&e' )ro &eneral ta*ation.
eber' o) t%e 6udiciar!, 6u't li5e eber' o) t%e ot%er branc%e' o)
t%e
&o"ernent, are 'ub6ect to incoe ta*ation. %at i' pro"ided
)or b! t%econ'titution i' t%at 'alarie' o) 6ud&e' a! not be
decrea'ed durin& t%eir
continuance in o))ice. T%e! %a"e a )i* 'alar! %ic% a! not be
'ub6ect to t%e
%i' and caprice' o) con&re''. =ut t%e 'alarie' o) t%e
6ud&e' '%all be
'ub6ect to t%e &eneral incoe ta* a' ell a' ot%er eber' o)
t%e 6udiciar!.
t -a! the salaries of the -e-bers of the 3diciar! be
increased>
Qe'. T%e Con&re'' a! pa'' a la increa'in& t%e 'alar! o)
t%e eber' o)
t%e 6udiciar! and 'uc% increa'e ill iediatel! ta5e e))ect t%u'
t%e
incubent eber' o) t%e 6udiciar! #at t%e tie o) t%e pa''in&
o) t%e la
increa'in& t%eir 'alar!$ '%all bene)it iediatel!.
Con&re'' can al'o pa'' a la decrea'in& t%e 'alar! o) t%e
eber' o)t%e 6udiciar! but 'uc% ill onl! be applicable to eber'
o)
t%e 6udiciar! %ic% ere appointed AFT8 t%e e))ecti"it! o) 'uc%
la.
,ote? /his case abandoned the rlin( in Perfecto vs 'eer and in
;ndencia
vs =avid+
12. VARGAS V. RILLARA;A
FACTS:
Petitioner a''ail' t%e "alidit! o) Sec. 14 o) t%e T%e People'
Court Act,
Coonealt% Act /2, %ic% pro"ided t%at t%e Pre'ident could
de'i&nate
9ud&e' o) Fir't In'tance, 9ud&e'atlar&e o) Fir't
In'tance or Cada'tral
9ud&e' to 'it a' 'ub'titute 9u'tice' o) t%e Supree Court in
trea'on ca'e'
it%out t%e nece''aril! %a"in& to po''e'' t%e re(uired
con'titutional
(uali)ication' o) a re&ular Supree Court 9u'tice.
ISSUE: %et%er or not Sec. 14 o) CA /2 i' con'titutional
RULING:
-o. Sec. 14 o) CA 32 i' uncon'titutional.
Article JIII, 'ection' 4 and 3, o) t%e Con'titution do not adit
an!
copo'ition o) t%e Supree Court ot%er t%an t%e C%ie) 9u'tice and
A''ociate
9u'tice' t%erein entioned appointed a' t%erein pro"ided. And
t%e
in)rin&eent i' en%anced and a&&ra"ated %ere a
a6orit! o) t%e eber'
o) t%e Court a' in t%i' ca'e are replaced b! 6ud&e' o) )ir't
in'tance. It i'
di'tinctl! anot%er Supree Court in addition to t%i'. And t%e
con'titution
pro"ide' )or onl! oneSupree Court.
7round' )or di'(uali)ication added b! 'ection 14 o) Coonealt%
Act -o./2 to t%o'e alread! e*i'tin& at t%e tie o) t%e adoption
o) t%e Con'titution
and continued b! it i' not onl! arbitrar! and irrational but
po'iti"el! "iolati"e
o) t%e or&anic la.
Con'titutional re(uireent #Art. JIII Sec 3$ pro"ide' t%at t%e
eber' o) t%e
Supree Court '%ould be appointed b! t%e Pre'ident it% t%e
con'ent o) t%e
CoA, G
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an! le&i'lation %ic% ould alter t%e copo'ition o) t%e Supree
Court, a'
deterined b! t%e Con'titution.
Hoe"er teporar! or brie) a! be t%e participation o) a 6ud&e
de'i&nated
under Sec. 14 o) PCA, t%ere i' no e'capin& t%e )act t%e %e
ould be
participatin& in t%e deliberation' and act' o) t%e SC, a'
t%e appellate tribunal,
and %i' "ote ould count a' uc% a' t%at an! re&ular 9u'tice
o) t%e Court. GA
teporar! eberG t%ere)ore ould be a i'noer, a' t%at po'ition i'
not
conteplated b! t%e Con'titution, %ere Sec.4 o) Art. JIII onl!
pro"ide' A
C%ie) 9u'tice and A''ociate 9u'tice' %o %a"e to be t%u'
appointed and
con)ired #Sec3$.
125. ESTRADA V. DESIERTO
9o'ep% ?8rap@ 8'trada alle&e' t%at %e i' t%e Pre'ident on
lea"e %ile 7loria
acapa&alArro!o clai' '%e i' t%e Pre'ident. Fro t%e
be&innin& o) 8rap+'
ter, %e a' pla&ued b! proble' t%at 'lol! but 'urel! eroded
%i'
popularit!. Hi' '%arp de'cent )ro poer 'tarted on October 4,
2000.
Sin&'on, a lon&tie )riend o) 8'trada, ent on air and
accu'ed t%e 8'trada,
%i' )ail! and )riend' o) recei"in& illion' o) pe'o' )ro
3eten(lord'. T%e
e*po'Z iediatel! i&nited reaction' o) ra&e. On 9anuar!
1, 8'trada )ell
)ro poer. At 1:20 p.. o) 'aid da!, t%e 8rap in)ored t%en
8*ecuti"e
Secretar! 8d&ardo An&ara t%at 7eneral An&elo e!e',
C%ie) o) Sta)) o) t%eAred Force' o) t%e P%ilippine', %ad de)ected.
9anuar! 20 turned to be t%e
da! o) 8rap+' 'urrender. On 9anuar! 22, t%e onda! a)ter
ta5in& %er oat%,
Arro!o iediatel! di'c%ar&ed t%e poer' and dutie' o) t%e
Pre'idenc!.
A)ter %i' )all )ro t%e pede'tal o) poer, 8rap+' le&al
proble' appeared in
clu'ter'. Se"eral ca'e' pre"iou'l! )iled a&ain't %i in t%e
O))ice o) t%e
Obud'an ere 'et in otion.
ISSUE:%et%er or not Arro!o i' a le&itiate #de 6ure$
pre'ident.
HELD: T%e SC %old' t%at t%e re'i&nation o) 8'trada cannot be
doubted. Ita' con)ired b! %i' lea"in& alacaNan&. In t%e
pre'' relea'e containin&
%i' )inal 'tateent, #1$ %e ac5noled&ed t%e oat%ta5in& o)
t%e re'pondent a'
Pre'ident o) t%e epublic albeit it% t%e re'er"ation about it'
le&alit!B #2$ %e
ep%a'iEed %e a' lea"in& t%e Palace, t%e 'eat o) t%e
pre'idenc!, )or t%e
'a5e o) peace and in order to be&in t%e %ealin& proce''
o) our nation. He did
not 'a! %e a' lea"in& t%e Palace due to an! 5ind o)
inabilit! and t%at %e
a' &oin& to rea''ue t%e pre'idenc! a' 'oon a' t%e
di'abilit! di'appear'B
#$ %e e*pre''ed %i' &ratitude to t%e people )or t%e
opportunit! to 'er"e
t%e. it%out doubt, %e a' re)errin& to t%e pa't opportunit!
&i"en %i to
'er"e t%e people a' Pre'identB #4$ %e a''ured t%at %e ill not
'%ir5 )ro an!
)uture c%allen&e t%at a! coe a%ead in t%e 'ae 'er"ice o) our
countr!.
8'trada+' re)erence i' to a )uture c%allen&e a)ter
occup!in& t%e o))ice o) t%e
pre'ident %ic% %e %a' &i"en upB and #3$ %e called on %i'
'upporter' to 6oin
%i in t%e prootion o) a con'tructi"e national 'pirit o)
reconciliation and
'olidarit!. Certainl!, t%e national 'pirit o) reconciliation and
'olidarit! could
not be attained i) %e did not &i"e up t%e pre'idenc!. T%e
pre'' relea'e a'
petitioner+' "aledictor!, %i' )inal act o) )areell. Hi'
pre'idenc! i' no in t%e
pa't ten'e. 8"en i) 8rap can pro"e t%at %e did not re'i&n,
'till, %e cannot
'ucce'')ull! clai t%at %e i' a Pre'ident on lea"e on t%e
&round t%at %e i'
erel! unable to &o"ern teporaril!. T%at clai %a' been laid
to re't b!Con&re'' and t%e deci'ion t%at re'pondent Arro!o i'
t%e de 6ure Pre'ident
ade b! a coe(ual branc% o) &o"ernent cannot be re"ieed b!
t%i' Court.
126. DE LA LLANA V. ALA
%%2 SCRA 2$4 Political law Constittional Law Political @estion
if
there is no 9estion of law involved P %2$
In 11, =ata' Paban'a =l&. 12, entitled ?An Act
eor&aniEin&
t%e 9udiciar!, Appropriatin& Fund' T%ere)or and )or Ot%er
Purpo'e'@, a'
pa''ed. 7ualberto ;e la >lana, a 6ud&e in Olon&apo,
a' a''ailin& it' "alidit!becau'e, )ir't o) all, %e ould be one
o) t%e 6ud&e' t%at ould be reo"ed
becau'e o) t%e reor&aniEation and 'econd, %e 'aid 'uc% la
ould
contra"ene t%e con'titutional pro"i'ion %ic% pro"ide' t%e
'ecurit! o) tenure
o) 6ud&e' o) t%e court'. He a"erred t%at onl! t%e Supree
Court can reo"e
6ud&e' -OT t%e Con&re''.
ISSUE: %et%er or not a 6ud&e li5e 9ud&e ;e >a
>lana can be "alidl!reo"ed b! t%e le&i'lature b! 'uc%
'tatute #=P 12$.
HELD: Qe'. T%e SC ruled t%e )olloin& a!: 'oreover" this Cort
ise-powered to discipline 3d(es of inferior corts and" b! a vote of
at least
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ei(ht -e-bers" order their dis-issal+B /hs it possesses the
co-petence to
re-ove 3d(es+ nder the diciar! Act" it was the President who
was
vested with sch power+ Removal is+ of course+ to be
distinguished from
termination by virtue of the abolition of the office. There can
be no
tenure to a non1e'istent office. After the abolition+ there is
in la% no
occupant. In case of removal+ there is an office %ith an
occupant %ho
%ould thereby lose his position. It is in that sense that from
the
standpoint of strict la%+ the 7uestion of any impairment of
security of
tenure does not arise+ ,onetheless" for the inc-bents of
inferior corts
abolished" the effect is one of separation+ As to its effect" no
distinction e.ists
between re-oval and the abolition of the office+ Realisticall!"
it is devoid of
si(nificance+ De ceases to be a -e-ber of the 3diciar!+ 7n
the
i-ple-entation of the assailed le(islation" therefore" it wold
be in
accordance with accepted principles of constittional constrction
that as far
as inc-bent 3stices and 3d(es are concerned" this Cort be
conslted
and that its view be accorded the fllest consideration+ ,o fear
need be
entertained that there is a failre to accord respect to the
basic principle that
this Cort does not render advisor! opinions+ #o 7uestion of la%
is
involved.7f sch were the case" certainl! this Cort cold not have
its sa!prior to the action ta*en b! either of the two depart-ents+
;ven then" it cold
do so bt onl! b! wa! of decidin( a case where the -atter has
been pt in
isse+ ,either is there an! intrsion into who shall be appointed
to the vacant
positions created b! the reor(aniation+ /hat re-ains in the
hands of the
;.ective to who- it properl! belon(s+ /here is no departre
therefore fro-
the tried and tested wa!s of 3dicial power+ Rather what is so(ht
to be
achieved b! this liberal interpretation is to preclde an!
plasibilit! to the
char(e that in the e.ercise of the conceded power of reor(aniin(
the inferior
corts" the power of re-oval of the present inc-bents vested in
this
/ribnal is i(nored or disre(arded+ /he challen(ed Act wold ths
be freefro- an! nconstittional taint" even one not readil!
discernible e.cept to
those predisposed to view it with distrst+ 'oreover" sch a
constrction
wold be in accordance with the basic principle that in the
choice of
alternatives between one which wold save and another which
wold
invalidate a statte" the for-er is to be preferred+B
12$. LUMAPAS V. TAMIN
FACTS:
=e)ore u' i' an adini'trati"e coplaint, )or 5noin&l!
renderin& an un6u't6ud&ent, )iled a&ain't t%e Honorable
Cailo 8. Tain, pre'idin& 6ud&e o)=ranc% 2 o) t%e
e&ional Trial Court, ola"e, Raboan&a del Sur. In
'aidcoplaint, it a' al'o alle&ed inter aliat%at re'pondent
Gdi'pla!ed anunu'ual intere't, de'pite o) t%e cen'ure or reproo) b!
t%e Court o) Appeal',G'uc% t%at t%e deci'ion o) t%e Court o)
Appeal' dated 9ul! D, 1D, in CA7..SP -o. 410 &rantin& t%e
rit o) 'anda-spra!ed )or b! petitioner andorderin& re'pondent
court [pre'ided b! 9ud&e Tain] to i''ue t%e rit o)e*ecution in
petitioner+' )a"or, a' not e*ecuted b! re'pondent.
GA certain 7uillero >uapa' died 'in&le and inte'tate on
April , 1/3. Hele)t a parcel o) land co"ered b! OCT -o. P13D
re&i'tered in t%e O))ice o) t%ee&i'ter o) ;eed' o)
Raboan&a del Sur on April 21, 13. T%e coplainant[7re&orio
>ipot >uapa'], claiin& to be t%e onl! 'on and %eir o)
t%edecea'ed 7uillero >uapa', 'ucceeded in obtainin& OCT -o.
0/131 o"ert%e 'ae parcel o) land on Au&u't 20, 13 b! "irtue o)
Cada'tral ;ecree-o. 10//, Cad. Ca'e -o. -, Cad. ecord -o. -10 dated
October 1,14 b! 'ub'titutin& %i' nae in t%e 'tead o) 7uillero
>uapa' in t%ecada'tral proceedin&'.
Coplainant )iled a coplaint )or eco"er! o) Po''e''ionOner'%ip
o"ert%e 'aid parcel o) land a&ain't Alan uapa', et al., nep%e'
and niece'o) t%e decea'ed 7uillero, in TC, =ranc% 23, ola"e,
Raboan&a del Surpre'ided o"er b! t%e re'pondent doc5eted a'
Ci"il Ca'e -o. 020.013#2/1$. On t%e ot%er %and, Alan >uapa' and
%i' code)endant' al'o)iled a coplaint )or eco"er! o) t%e 'ae parcel
o) land a&ain't 7re&orio>ipot >uapa', et al., in t%e
'ae court, doc5eted a' Ci"il Ca'e -o. 020,023#2$. T%e'e to #2$
ca'e' ere con'olidated, and on Februar! 12,11, t%e re'pondent
rendered a 6ud&ent declarin& t%at t%e coplainant i't%e 'on
o) t%e decea'ed 7uillero >uapa' and %i' 'ole %eir, and
orderedt%e e&i'ter o) ;eed' o) Raboan&a del Sur to cancel
OCTP13D in t%enae o) 7uillero >uapa' and deal it% 'aid land a'
re&i'tered onl! under
OCT0/131 in t%e nae o) 7re&orio >ipot >uapa'.
Alan >uapa' and %i' co%eir' appealed t%e deci'ion to t%e
Court o)Appeal', and on Februar! 2, 14, t%e Court o) Appeal'
proul&ated a6ud&ent declarin& t%at 7re&orio
>uapa' %a' not 'u))icientl! pro"ed t%at %ei' t%e 'on o)
7re&orio >uapa' but %e %a' t%e ri&%t o) po''e''ion o"er
lot42 #'ub6ect o) Ci"il Ca'e' -o'. 020,013 and 020,023$YG[1]
In it' deci'ion proul&ated Februar! 2, 14, in CA 7.. CJ -o.
120, t%eCourt o) Appeal' aarded coplainant t%e conditional
ri&%t o) po''e''ion tot%e land in li
