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JAPANESE III

APPENDIX: Japanese Particles

Georgia Public Broadcasting 2005 APPENDIX 26

JAPANESE PARTICLES

BASIC USAGESParticle Lesson Note(s) Sample sentenceka J I-2 indicates a question Kore-wa nan desu-ka? (What is

this?)ne J I-2 used to get ones agreement or

confirmationTanaka-san desu-ne? (You are Mr.

Tanaka, arent you?)wa(not)

J I-5 1) indicates the topic of thesentence

Kenji-kun-wa kookoosei desu.(Kenji is a high school student.)

J II-6 2) used when contrasting ordistinguishing items

Igirisu-de-wa eigo-o hanashimasu.Nihon-de-wa nihongo-o

hanashimasu. (They speak English

in England. They speak Japanese in

Japan.)

no J I-8 1) denotes affiliation Irasshai-no Timu desu. (I am Tim ofIrasshai.)

J I-12 2) indicates description or

modification of the noun following

it

Kore-wa nihongo-no jisho desu.

(This is a Japanese dictionary.)

J I-15 3) expresses possession Kore-wa watashi-no hon desu.

(This is my book.)

J I-23 4) used to separate a string of

numbers

Denwa-bangoo-wa685 no 2551

desu. (The phone number is 685-2551.)

de J I-10 1) language-de ~-to iimasu; means

it is called ~ in (language)

Kore-wa nihongo-de denwa to

iimasu. (This is called denwa inJapanese.)

J I-47,67

2) indicates place where an actionoccurs

Watashi-wa uchi-de terebi-omimasu. (I watch T.V. at home.)

J I-71 3) indicates a method or means Jitensha-de gakkoo-ni ikimasu. (I go

to school by bicycle.)

J II-9 4) denotes a place or category Fuji-san-wa nihon-de ichiban takaiyama desu. (Mr. Fuji is the highest

mountain in Japan.)

J II-11,

51

5)jibun-de, hitori-de; indicates an

exclusive agent

Jibun-de suugaku-no shukudai-o

shimasu. (I will do math homewok

by myself.)Ima, hitori-de sunde-imasu. (I live

alone now.)

J II-24 6) ato-de; indicates boundary oftime

Mata ato-de kimasu. (I will comeback later.)

yo J I-13 adds emphasis Dame desu-yo. (Its bad!)

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JAPANESE III



Particle Lesson Note(s) Sample sentenceto J I-10 1) word-to iimasu; means is

called (word).Kore-wa shitajiki-to iimasu. (This iscalled shitajiki.)

J I-15 2) connects nouns and means

and *

Asa sakana-to gohan-o tabemasu.

(I eat fish and rice for breakfast.)J I-41 3) indicates the person one does

something withYoru kazoku-to tabemasu.(I eat dinner with my family.)

ga** J I-18,

20

1)ga imasu/arimasu;

indicates the existence of

persons/items or possessions

Watashi-wa aniga imasu.

(I have an older brother.)

Kuroi pen-ga arimasu-ka?(Do you have /Is there a black

pen?)

J I-38,

52, 55,

56, J II-

36

2) -ga hoshii desu/suki desu/

dekimasu/joozu desuiirimasu;indicates the object of desire,

preference, ability/skill, and need

Watashi-wa nihongo-ga suki desu.

(I like Japanese.)

Watashi-wa supeingo-gadekimasu.

(I can speak Spanish.)Supuun-ga 4-hon irimasu. (I need

four spoons.)

mo J I-18 indicates someone/something isthe same sort as the one previously

mentioned

Kono hon-wa ii desu. Sono hon-mo

ii desu. (This book is good. That

book is also good.)

o

(not)

J I-26

J II-4

1) indicates a direct object Sakana-o tabemasu-ka? (Do you eat

fish?)Sakana-o katte-imasu. ( I have fish

as pets.)

J II-54,

60

2) institution-o sotsugyoo shimasu,

place-o demasu; indicates thestarting point of a moving action

Kotoshi, kookoo-o sotsugyoo

shimasu. (I will graduate from highschool this year.)

Itsu koko-o demasu-ka? (When are

you leaving here?)

* NOTE: The and for sentence + sentence is soshite.

Ex) Watashi-wa sakana-o tabemasu. Soshite ocha-o nomimasu.

(I eat fish and drink Japanese tea.)

Sorekara meaning and then can be used when something happens after something else.Ex) Watashi-wa asa-gohan-o tabemasu. Sorekara, gakkoo-ni ikimasu.

(I eat breakfast, and then I go to school.)

** NOTE: Ga changes to wa in negative statements.Ex.) Pen-ga arimasu-ka?

Iie, pen-wa arimasen.

(Is there a pen? No, there is no pen.)

Ex.) Sakana-ga suki desu-ka?Iie, sakana-wa suki ja-nai desu.

(Do you like fish? No, I dont like fish.)

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Particle Lesson Note(s) Sample sentencekara,

made

J I-26J II-7,

34, 35,

60

time/place/person-kara time/place-

made; means from

[time/place/person] to [time/place]

Nihongo-no jugyoo-wa 8-ji kara 9-ji

made desu. (Japanese class is from

8:00 to 9:00.)

Dochira-kara desu-ka? (Where areyou from?)Hidari-kara 2-ban-me-no keeki-o

kudasai. (Please give me the second

cake from the left.)Chichi-kara kuruma-o

moraimashita. (I received a car

from my father.)

Hakone-made 1-mai, kudasai.(Please give me one ticket for

Hakone.)

ni J I-27J II-35,54

1) time/date/day-ni; indicates thetime/date/occasion when an actionor process takes place

Asa 7-ji-niokimasu.(I get up at 7:00 in the morning.)1-gatsu 15-nichi-nipaatii-o

shimasu. (Were having a party on

Jan. 15.)

3-nen mae-ninihon-ni ikimashita.

(I went to Japan three years ago.)

2-nen-go-nikekkon shimasu. (I will

get married in two years.)J I-32 2) noun-nishimasu; indicates the

result of ones deciding on

something

Watashi-wa koohii-nishimasu.(Ill have coffee.)

J I-35

J II-553) noun-ninarimasu; indicates the

result or final stateTanjoobi-ni 19-sai-ninarimasu

(Ill be 19 yrs. old on my birthday.)

Shoorai, isha-ninarimasu. (I willbecome a doctor in the future.)

J I-

40, 47

J II-28,29

4) place-niikimasu/kimasu/

kaerimasu (motion verb); indicates

the purpose/place one goes to

Ashita Nyuu Yooku-niikimasu.

(I will go to New York tomorrow.)

Doko-ni asobi-niikitai desu-ka?

(Where do you want to go to have

fun?)J I-69

J II-14,50, 59

5) place/location-ni

arimasu/imasu/haitte-imasu/sunde-imasu/wasuremasu;

indicates a place/location where

someone/something exists

Gakkoo-wa kooen-no mae-ni

arimasu. (The school is located infront of the park.)

Tenisu-bu-nihaitte-imasu.

(I belong to the tennis club.)

Igirisu-nisunde-imasu. (I live inEngland.)

Hon-o resutoran-niwasuremashita.

(I left a book at the restaurant.)

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Particle Lesson Note(s) Sample sentenceni J II-18,

206) person-niaimasu, (person)-nikakimasu; indicates the person

who is the object of an action

Nihongo-no sensei-niaimasu.

(I will meet my Japanese teacher.)

Tomodachi-nitegami-o kakimasu.

(I write letters to my friends.)J II-60 7) place-nitsukimasu; indicates

the direction or stopping place of a

movement

8-ji-ni gakkoo-nitsukimashita. (Iarrived at the school at 8:00.)

e(not)

J II-21 1) indicates the direction of a

movement

Ashita, Tookyoo-e ikimasu.

(I will go to Tokyo tomorrow.)

J II-21 2) person-e; indicates the person to

which something is addressed

Kazuko-san-e(Dear Kazuko)

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