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DNA - THE GENE CHEMICAL

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DNA - CODED INSTRUCTIONS

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CEREAL CYST NEMATODE INFECTION ON A WHEAT PLANT

Non-infectedroot system

Infectedroot system

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PERFECT MARKER FOR CEREAL CYST NEMATODE RESISTANCE IN A WHEAT PLANT

R S S R R R R R R R R R R S S R R R R S

DNA from a subset of individuals in an F2 population in which is segregating (3 independent populations)

T.tauschii Cre3

DNA from a subset of A.tauschii individuals in an F2 population in which CCN resistance is linked to the DNA

marker (3 independent populations)

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COMPONENTS OF A GENE

NEXTGENE

TIME

PLACE

QUANTITY

ENTRY

PROTEINSTABILITY

NEXTGENE

START STOP

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GENES CAN BE INSERTED INTO MOST CROPS

Lettuce Grapes

Cotton

Canola

Potato

Soybean

Corn

Wheat

Rice Arabidopsis

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INSECT-PROOFED COTTON

Stable system with 2 genes

Management is critical

IPMIPM

INGARDINGARD CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL

Plots at ACRI - unsprayed for insect pests

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IRON DEFICIENCY

BIOAVAILABLE IRON Plant hemoglobins: bind iron through the heme group

Untransformed rice seed

Hemoglobin overexpressing rice seed

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HOW DOES A PLANT KNOW WHEN TO FLOWER?

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FLOWERING TIME IS CONTROLLED BY THE LEVEL OF FLC ACTIVITY

less product

FLC more product

FLC

30 days16 days >110 days

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FLC mRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL CORRELATE WITH FLOWERING TIME IN VARIETIES

Days to flowering 1103020

FLC mRNA

Ler C24 PITZTAL

FLC protein

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ARABIDOPSIS FLC CAUSES LATE FLOWERING IN CANOLA

+ Arabidopsis FLC Wild type

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APPLICATIONS OF THE FLOWERING TECHNOLOGY

STOP FLOWERING CONTROL TIME OF FLOWERING

• Pasture plants

• Plantation forestry

• Vegetables

• Crops

• Floriculture

• Horticulture

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GENOMICS TECHNOLOGY FOR COMPLEX TRAIT BREEDING

TimeReference Gene ArrayStress ResponseExtent & Timing

Accession with goodstress response

Cultivar with poorstress response

Key indicator genes for markers in

breeding program

Genetic Resource