Works CitedPeriodicalsPujo, Arsne. "Committee Appointed Pursuant to House Resolutions 429 and 504." House of Representatives: n. pag. Print. These court proceedings of the Pujo Committee proved to be a valuable resource on how Morgan was able to directly influence our nation's financial landscape. This committee saw the actions of Morgan and other high-rank leaders and passed a handful of legislative pieces, eventually resulting in the establishment of the Federal Reserve, and this information helped us tie Morgan to our current financial climate."Say Money Trust Is Now Disclosed." New York Times 12 Jan. 1913: n. pag. New York Times. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This newspaper article was published in 1913 as the Pujo Committee attempted to crack down Wall Street Financiers. This source was extremely interesting because it acknowledged the fact that Morgan was vital to the continuation of the economy, yet he was still not above the law. We also used the source because we got to see Morgan's manipulation of the law. He argued over what actually constitutes a trust and puts the Pujo Committee on a run for their money.Tarbell, Ida M. "The Hunt for the Money Trust." The American Magazine December to June 1913: n. pag. Print. This article, by famed muckraker author Ida Tarbell, gave an interesting account of Morgan's testimonies during the Pujo Committee hearings. For us, they served to demonstrate the disconnect felt between the general population and these elite financiers as well as shed some light on the writing style and subject of these muckraker writers. We used this article primarily as an example of the criticisms of Morgan at the time.Watts, Tim. "Gilded Age." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2015. Web. 17 Jan. 2015. This is a historical summary of the Gilded Age and the different movements within railroads and oil that shaped the American economy. We used this detailed article as a background context to Morgan's achievements and how his contributions made a difference. We incorporated this into his legacy and how his entrepreneurial spirit spurred technology and financial strategies that propelled America into a prosperous innovative economic state.NonperiodicalsBrandeis, Louis. Other Peoples Money: And How the Bankers Use It. N.p.: F.A. Stokes, 1914. Print. This book really takes the time, in Chapter 3, to analyze the political and financial connections Morgan exploited to get his way. We picked this source to learn about how business is like White House politics: it's all about who you know and what they are willing to do for you. It was interesting to learn about the interlocking directorates that had Morgan on the board of directors of over a 100 huge companies: favor for a favor.Irwin, Raymond. Books on Early American History and Culture. N.p.: Praeger Publishers, n.d. Print. This volume discusses general early American history that includes agriculture, urban life, crime, and politics. We used this books as a benchmark for contextual analysis of how Morgan's legacy was truly impactful in the years after his passing. We learned a lot about the financial strategies and economic trends that continued during this time period because of Morgan's influence.Johnson, Owen. The Sixty-First Second. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1913. Print. This source is a muckraker's criticism of Morgan through use of satire. It provides an interesting firsthand account of the negative public opinion of Morgan at the time, and demonstrates the disconnect felt by the American people from these elite financiers. We used this book as a source to better understand the basis of the many criticisms of Morgan after the Pujo Committee hearings.Nelson, Ralph L. "The Merger Movement from 1895 through 1920." 1959. Merger Movements in American Industry, 1895-1956. N.p.: Princeton University Press, n.d. N. pag. Print. This article gave us a blanket overview of the entire Merger movement where Morgan may or may not have been involved. We used this source as contextual evidence to understand what Morgan's financial moves actually did to the economy. The graphs and tables were really helpful to numerically see how revenue streams and investment patterns were altered during this time period.Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American Financier. N.p.: Random, 1999. Print. This book on J.P Morgan truly delves into the character behind the financial genius and how his background and heritage influenced the decisions he made. We used the source as a unique perspective on his life through the lens of an established biographer. It was also great to see so much detail about seemingly simple decisions and how political lobbying worked in his agenda and corporations.AudiovisualAmerican Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. The American Museum of Natural History was largely funded by John Pierpont Morgan. We included an image of this institution because it effectively highlights his lasting legacy--apart from his building of the modern financial system, he founded such monuments that will forever capture our history and artistic legacies. This not only helped us underscore his philanthropic endeavors, but also the long-standing legacy he maintains in our nation.Andrew Carnegie. N.d. Photograph. Carnegie Archives. Carnegie Lib, Pittsburg. This is a portrait of Andrew Carnegie towards the later end of his life. The clear and sharpness of the portrait shows his grandeur and status of where he currently sits. His stare, and facial expressions clearly show the weariness of a hard lifetime of work and sacrifice to reach his prestige."Bank Crash." University at Albany. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. This image of a bank crash perfectly illustrates the chaos and confusion characterized by this era of financial instability. This scene is very reflective of the country when John Pierpont Morgan began his rise to power. He utilized such uncertainty to find his own, revolutionary path to success, and this era paved the road for Morgan's establishment of a new view on the financial sector.Boesler, Matthew. "Wall Street Crowd, Panic of 1907." Business Insider. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. We used this image as an innate visualization of how scared the people of America were during this time period. The usually confident Wall Street Investors had lost their spark as everyone was rushing to pull their money out of shares and back into their pockets. The sheer amount of people in this small area helped us capture the need for Morgan to once again bail out his home country.Eckles. Baltimore Steel. N.d. Photograph. Baltimore Brew. Baltimore, Maryland. This Baltimore refinery signifies the gritty, Industrial Revolution era that Morgan ushered in through his business practices and prudent economic matters. The formation of unified refineries allowed for the necessary collaborative efforts to fuel the Industrial Revolution successfully.Federal Reserve. Armstrong Economics. Armstrong Economics, n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2015. This is a modern picture of the Federal Reserve and we used the picture to symbolize the legacy of Morgan. Due to his frequent bailouts of government, the U.S created a backup treasury that could be taken from during times of panic. This reduced the dependence on big business and we used this picture to symbolize the sheer breadth of Morgan's influence."General Electric Logo." Bright Hub. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. . We used this image as a reminder of Morgan's influence in the Electric business and their merging to gain market shares. The picture allowed us to visualize his legacy that is still present and providing millions of jobs to Americans around the country. It was an older picture of their logo as they worked to expand.The Helping Hand. N.d. Lib of Cong. Library of Congress. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . In this cartoon, John Pierpont Morgan is helping Uncle Sam row a boat through choppy waters, ensuring that nothing goes wrong. We found this image to be perfectly fitting, as it accurately conveyed the fact that Morgan was the United States' leader and savior on many occasions through his financial leadership and bailouts. Without his leadership, our nation would likely have drowned in the rapids, but Morgan ensured that we stayed afloat and maintained our position as a successful, influential nation.JP Morgan. Pearls of Profundity. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. This picture, a mere headshot of Morgan, captures Morgan's intense stare. Apart from providing a picture of him, viewers sense his authoritative and demanding vibe by his piercing gaze. This aided us in highlighting his confident and dedicated approach to leadership as well as his demand of excellence.JP Morgan and Chase. Huffington Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. This is a picture of the main JP Morgan and Chase building on Wall Street and it truly represents the effect of Morgan on corporation and big business today. We used this picture as a representation of how even now, a collapse of one of the biggest investment banking firms would completely destroy the country's economy. Morgan's legacy was invaluable to the country and this picture represents the need for it in the future.JP Morgan Documentary. Youtube. N.p., 10 Sept. 2014. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This documentary focuses on J.P Morgan's legacy in setting up economic and financial strategies that are still in use today. We liked this documentary because it gave a relatively objective view into a lot of subtleties in Morgan's life. The source was also valuable because of the amount of interviews that it includes with people related to Morgan. It gives us yet another perspective on this financial mogul.JP Morgan History Documentary. Youtube. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This documentary focuses on a lot of the specific interests of JP Morgan and how specific events in his life affected his financial techniques. We used this documentary to supplement arguments about Morgan's leadership. Some small tidbits about his investor personality could be derived from information in the documentary that Morgan enjoyed going to art galleries and sitting in his parent's business meetings.JP Morgan with Family. Whale. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. This photograph of John Pierpont Morgan and his family emphasizes the dynamic of his background. The fact that his wealthy family was able to set him up with job opportunities and valuable connections is a big reason Morgan was able to attain his level of influence, and this position is precisely what allowed him to make use of his leadership skills to effectively impact the entirety of the nation.The Metropolitan Museum. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This source is a picture of the Metropolitan Museum of the Arts- one of the most lasting influences of Morgan. He firmly believed in the value of arts to communicate ideas and thoughts and this image was used to signify this. Morgan heavily invested in arts and a lot of the museum survived economic depressions and panic solely due to his unwavering bailout funds."Ohio Works of the Carnegie Steel Co., Youngstown, O." Library of Congress. Lib of Cong, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. This is an image of the world's first billion dollar corporation: US Steel. On top of being one of the most feared conglomerates in the nation, it connected the nation by providing affordable materials for infrastructure development . We used this source to pictorially visualize the vast expanse of U.S Steel and the sheer amount of jobs and revenue the plant could possibly be creating every single day. It really put Morgan's achievements into a value more than numbers.Oil Rigs in California. 1900. Photograph. Climate Today. This provocative oil rig photo details the impact and influence of Standard Oil and Morgan's oil holdings. Reaching the fair waters of California, the combination of Manifest Destiny and Morgan's grip on America's economic success proved to reach the ends of the Pacific Ocean. His influence was national, stemming from sea to sea, but his impact lives in our wallets eternally."Oregon Lumber Mills benefited from huge order for railroad ties and trestles." Crafting the Oregon Constitution. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. . We used this image of a railroad to signify Morgan's monopolistic influence on merging many smaller companies during the early 1900's. He did this to restrict any new companies from gaining a strong market share. This image served as a reminder of the sheer power of transportation and corporate lobbying that came with having a say in the railroad business.The Pujo Committee. Fine Art America. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This is an image of the Pujo Commitee, a Federal Government regulation agency, that attempted to crack down on coalitions between Wall Street financiers. We used this image as a reminder of the amount of attention Morgan stirred up from the Federal Government, yet it didn't matter. No amount of legislation would change the fact that Morgan was invaluable to the U.S economy and anti-trust legislation would help, but in no way would solve the problem.Tanner, Robert. "John Pierpoint Morgan." Management is a Journey. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. . This is a portrait of Morgan that was taken in his mid 40's. It represents the financial mogul before he had himself entangled in everything from investing to corporate lobbying.The War on Wealth. N.d. Lib of Cong. Library of Congress. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This is a political cartoon about the financial panic in the U.S that rushed everyone to the banks to retrieve their hard-earned savings. We used this picture as an accurate depiction of the frenzy that goes on when the economy takes a fall.It allowed us to visualize the true tangible strength of Morgan's bailout funds.Web sites, e-sources"Andrew Carnegie: A Tribute." Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This source is a detailed account of Carnegie's economic maneuvers and philosophies in life. We used this source as a reference to how Morgan carried out his financial career because of the similarities in monopoly development. We used some of the legacies of Carnegie and compared them with Morgan to get an accurate visualization of the impact of Morgan."John Pierpont Morgan." Encyclopedia Britannica. N.p., 28 Jan. 2014. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This source is a comprehensive biography of Morgan's early life and the financial investments he made to rise to the top. We used this source as a guiding point to analyze how Morgan used different events in his life as stepping stones into companies he built from the ground up. We learned about specific interests that Morgan held that influenced his corporate decisions."J. Pierpont Morgan." The Metropolitan Museum of Art. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This source was used to obtain a viewpoint of Morgan's interests and hobbies that contributed to his 24 hours. This talks about his interests in art collection and investment that spurred an extravagant spending on the humanities. We used this source to once again provide another human side of Morgan and show how his investments in the humanities enabled millions of artists and writers to obtain national prominence."J.P. Morgan." History Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This comprehensive timeline of Morgan really helped us formulate a solid biography of Morgan's early life. It provided credible information about Morgan's childhood and how that influenced his eventual career choice. The source also gave us an era by era analysis of Morgan that allowed us to zoom out on Morgan's achievements and see big picture progression. It also credible information that allowed us to be confident that we were representing him correctly.Kowalski, Kathiann M. "J.P. Morgan Master Money Man." Cobblestone 35.3 (2014): 28. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 18 Jan. 2015. This source talks about Morgan's views on a lot of concepts like big business and financial lobbying. It gives a lot of personal context to Morgan's childhood so we can see his original role models and how he shaped his business models in accordance with those people. We also used the source to analyze some of his hobbies other than just making money and how that rounded him as a person."Morgan Helps End the Panic of 1893." J.P. Morgan. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This source talks about the specific plan J.P Morgan laid out and followed to rescue the nation from financial panic. We used the source to once again see how the dependence on big business to rescue the country was getting out of hand. Morgan's leadership and quick thinking ability reveal a different side to his character that emphasizes patriotism and respect."The Panic of 1893: The Bottom Out, Everything Down." The University at Albany. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This source discusses the Panic of 1893 and focuses one particular family who was hit pretty hard by the crisis. It was insightful to see past the numbers and into the lives of the people afflicted. We used this source as a quick summary of the Panic and its grassroots impacts on farmers and other blue collar workers around the country."The Panic of 1907." The Gold Standard Now. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. . This article discusses the Panic of 1907, focusing on both the causes and eventual solutions by the U.S Government. It discusses events like the failing New York Bond Offerings that led to a decrease in investor and consumer confidence. We used this source to mainly figure out how JP Morgan, personally, contributed to the survival of the American Economy. Morgan bought out all the unsold New York bonds and acquired many smaller refinery corporations in his efforts. We used this source to truly understand the philanthropic side of Morgan the significance of big business in our nation.Unpublished & other sourcesBachelier, Louis. "Theory of Speculation." Diss. Print. His dissertation challenged old stock investing practices that had worked in the past but never gave anyone a true advantage. We learned about some financial strategies Morgan used like cornering the market and manipulating assets that would have never been considered a possibility prior to Bachelier's dissertation.Kennedy, David. Personal interview. 11 Jan. 2015. Dr. David Kennedy, the Donald J. McLachlan Professor of History Emeritus at Stanford University, granted us an interview on the Gilded Age and J.P. Morgan's role as an unknown Founding Father of our country. Highly skilled in the integration of economic analysis and cultural influence in American history, Dr. David Kennedy thoroughly agreed with our thesis and analysis of J.P. Morgan's "scapegoat" leadership, where Morgan was viewed as an evil and iconoclastic figure, but his influence carried the American Industrial Revolution through and saved our young nation. Kennedy discussed his economic influence with creating our nation's domestic industries, making the United States the world power that powered us through World War I. Kennedy argued Morgan set the precedent and blueprint for our young nation economically for the Gilded Age and 20th century, through huge military victories and national expansion.Lamont, Thomas W. Memo. 1913. TS. The Lamont Papers: The Money Trust Investigation, Box 210, Folder 16. This memo demonstrated the flippant attitude of muckraking journalists in regards to collecting information for their articles. We used it primarily as an example of the lack of information used by these writers in their criticisms of Morgan. Oftentimes, it seems that the muckrakers' criticisms were not rooted in fact but rather written as a biased and unfair criticism of the financial system as a wholeSprague, O. W. M. Letter to Thomas W. Lamont. 20 Mar. 1913. TS. The Lamont Papers: The Money Trust Investigation, Box 210, Folder 20. This shows the other side of public opinion regarding Morgan's later activities, revealed in the Pujo Committee proceedings. Coming from a Harvard Professor, we felt that this was a reliable interpretation of Morgan's strategy as seen by a more educated audience than the muckrakers. This served to bolster our argument that Morgan's activities were not only unavoidable, but beneficial for the nation as a whole.