Joint Doctrinefor

Civil Engineering Support

Joint Pub 4-04

26 September 1995

PREFACE

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1. Scope

This publication describes joint civilengineering mission planning, coordinationresponsibilities, capabilities, and limitations.It is written for those commanders andstaffs planning, coordinating, and executingjoint civil engineering operations.

2. Purpose

This publication has been prepared underthe direction of the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine to governthe joint activities and performance of theArmed Forces of the United States in jointoperations as well as the doctrinal basis forUS military involvement in multinational andinteragency operations. It provides militaryguidance for the exercise of authority bycombatant commanders and other joint forcecommanders and prescribes doctrine for jointoperations and training. It provides militaryguidance for use by the Armed Forces inpreparing their appropriate plans. It is not theintent of this publication to restrict theauthority of the joint force commander (JFC)from organizing the force and executing themission in a manner the JFC deems mostappropriate to ensure unity of effort in theaccomplishment of the overall mission.

3. Application

a. Doctrine and guidance established in thispublication apply to the commanders ofcombatant commands, subunified commands,joint task forces, and subordinate componentsof these commands. These principles andguidance also may apply when significantforces of one Service are attached to forces ofanother Service, or when significant forcesof one Service support forces of anotherService.

b. The guidance in this publication isauthoritative; as such, this doctrine will befollowed except when, in the judgment of thecommander, exceptional circumstancesdictate otherwise. If conflicts arise betweenthe contents of this publication and thecontents of Service publications, thispublication will take precedence for theactivities of joint forces unless the Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally incoordination with the other members of theJoint Chiefs of Staff, has provided morec u r r e n t a n d s p e c i f i c g u i d a n c e .Commanders of forces operating as part of amultinational (alliance or coalition) militarycommand should follow multinationaldoctrine and procedures ratified by the UnitedStates. For doctrine and procedures notratified by the United States, commandersshould evaluate and follow the multinationalcommand’s doctrine and procedures, whereapplicable.

WALTER KROSSLieutenant General, USAFDirector, Joint Staff

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

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Intentionally Blank

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PAGE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. v

CHAPTER IRESPONSIBILITIES

• Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff......................................................................... I-1• Commanders of Combatant Commands.................................................................... I-1• Services.................................................................................................................... I-3• Department of the Army........................................................................................... I-4• Department of the Navy............................................................................................ I-5• Department of the Air Force...................................................................................... I-6• Defense Logistics Agency......................................................................................... I-6• Contract Construction Agents (CCA)........................................................................ I-6

CHAPTER IIPLANNING

• Civil Engineering Support Plan................................................................................ II-1• Facilities.................................................................................................................. II-3• Real Estate............................................................................................................... II-7• Environment............................................................................................................ II-7

CHAPTER IIICOMMAND AND CONTROL

• Authority and Control............................................................................................ III-1• Implementation and Execution............................................................................... III-1• Transfer of Functions and Facilities........................................................................ III-1• Organizational Considerations................................................................................ III-2

APPENDIX

A References....................................................................................................... A-1B Administrative Instructions ............................................................................... B-1

GLOSSARY

Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms...................................................................GL-1Part II Terms and Definitions............................................................................. GL-2

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FIGURE

I-1 Combatant Commander Requirements........................................................... I-2I-2 Civil Engineering Support Tasks.................................................................... I-3II-1 Elements to be Incorporated Into Civil Engineering Support Planning........... II-2II-2 Construction Standards.................................................................................. II-5II-3 Standards of Construction............................................................................. II-6II-4 Environmental Planning................................................................................ II-8

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCOMMANDER’S OVERVIEW

•

•

•

Describes Responsibilities for Joint Civil Engineering

Discusses Civil Engineering Planning for JointOperations

Outlines Joint Civil Engineering CoordinationResponsibilities

Responsibilities

Joint civil engineeringsupport requirescoordination ofresponsibilities.

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is responsible forthe preparation of joint logistic plans, to include plans forcivil engineering support. In this capacity, the Chairmanmanages the development of operational planning andexecution tools, recommends assignment of civil engineeringresponsibilities to the Military Services, and recommends tothe Secretary of Defense appropriate civil engineering guidancefor the Military Services. The Chairman advises the Secretaryof Defense on critical deficiencies and the relative priority ofcompeting civil engineering support requirements of thecommanders of a combatant command (CINCs).

The CINCs prepare Civil Engineering Support Plans(CESPs) as an integral part of their joint operations planningprocess. They develop training and exercise programs toevaluate and improve preparedness for civil engineeringmissions and are responsible for prioritizing, planning, andcoordinating civil engineering support requirements fortheir area of operations.

The Military Services staff, organize, train, and equip civilengineering resources to perform tasks required by theirassigned roles and missions. They provide, through Servicecomponents, input to each CINC’s CESP development processregarding Service component requirements.

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Civil engineering supportplanning is an integralpart of the joint operationplanning process.

The commanders ofcombatant commands areresponsible forcoordination of planning,programming, andconstruction of facilitieswithin their areas ofoperation.

Civil engineering supportmust consider the effect onthe environment.

Commanders ofcombatant commands mayexercise directive authorityover civil engineering.

The CESP is an integral part of joint operation plans andshould identify minimum essential facilities and civilengineering capabilities needed to support the commitment ofmilitary forces. The Joint Engineer Planning and ExecutionSystem (JEPES) is a planning tool to assist CINC and Servicecomponent staffs in determining civil engineering supportrequirements and documenting their CESP.

Facility requirements are optimized consistent with expectedoperational requirements, duration of need, and forces to besupported based on standard designs and planning factors.

Environmental planning is essential to ensure that allappropriate environmental reviews have been completed inaccordance with applicable US and host-nation agreements,environmental laws, policies, and regulations.

The exercise of directive authority over civil engineering willensure the effective utilization of civil engineering resourcesand consistent support.

CINCs have the authority to transfer civil engineeringfunctions between Service components within their area ofresponsibility during war or military operations other than war.The execution of civil engineering support remains theresponsibility of the Services.

This publication describes joint civil engineering missionplanning, coordination responsibilities, capabilities, andlimitations . It is written for those commanders and staffsplanning, coordinating, and executing operations involvingcivil engineering support.

Facilities

Environment

Command and Control

CONCLUSION

Civil Engineering Support Plan

CHAPTER IRESPONSIBILITIES

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1. Chairman of the Joint Chiefsof Staff

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffis the principal military advisor to thePresident, the National Security Council,and the Secretary of Defense. Additionalresponsibilities are outlined in DOD Directive5100.1 and Joint Pub 0-2, “Unified ActionArmed Forces (UNAAF),” which include thepreparation of joint logistic plans, to includecivil engineering support. The Chairmannormally:

a. Manages the development ofoperation planning and execution tools,such as the Joint Engineer Planning andExecution System (JEPES), for the jointcommunity.

b. Prepares strategic plans, includingsupporting joint logistic and mobility plans,and recommends assignment of civilengineering responsibilities to the MilitaryServices in accordance with those plans.

c. Prepares logistic plans to support jointoperation plans and assigns civil engineeringresponsibilities to the Military Services andappropriate Defense agencies in accordancewith those plans.

d. Reviews and recommends to theSecretary of Defense appropriate civilengineering guidance for the MilitaryServices that, if implemented, will result incivil engineering readiness consistent withapproved plans.

e. Advises the Secretary of Defense oncritical deficiencies and strengths in civilengineering support capabilities based onreview of joint operation plans.

f. Advises the Secretary of Defense onthe relative priority of competing civilengineering support requirements of thecommanders of combatant commands(CINCs).

g. Reviews engineering deployments fortraining to ensure that such activities are inaccordance with the law.

2. Commanders of CombatantCommands

Additional responsibilities are outlined inDOD Directive 5100.1 and Joint Pub 0-2,“Unif ied Action Armed Forces(UNAAF),” to include civil engineeringsupport. The commanders of combatantcommands:

a. Are responsible for the developmentof operation plans (OPLANs), campaignplans, and the execution of operationorders (OPORDs). During peacetime, theyact to deter war and prepare for war byplanning for the transition to war and militaryoperations other than war (MOOTW). Duringwar, they plan and conduct campaigns andmajor operations to accomplish strategic andoperational objectives. Civil engineeringsupport plays an integral role in planning andexecution during war and military operationsother than war.

"Take the responsibility and act, and call on me for assistance."

Abraham Lincoln(To U.S. Grant on his appointment

to command the Union Armies), 1864

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b. Prepare a Civil Engineering SupportPlan (CESP) as part of the joint operationplanning process.

c. Develop combatant commandtraining and exercise programs to evaluateand improve preparedness for civilengineering missions.

d. Are responsible for prioritizing,planning, and coordinating theatercivil engineering support requirements.As a minimum, with regard to civilengineering support, combatantcommanders should support requirementsidentified in Figure I-1.

Figure I-1. Combatant Commander Requirements

COMBATANT COMMANDER REQUIREMENTS

Evaluate component commanders' civil engineering supportrequirements with respect to combatant commander'splans.

Assess the risk of civil engineering support shortfalls on theability to accomplish assigned missions.

Validate component commanders' civil engineering supportrequirements and prioritize requirements, use of civilengineering forces, and other civil engineering supportcapabilities and assets.

Coordinate with and provide guidance to DOD specifiedcontract construction agents (CCAs).

Direct the allocation of component commanders' civilengineering forces and construction material (Class IV).

Establish theater construction policy.

Set priorities for theater civil engineering missions.

Task components for theater civil engineering missions,tasks, or projects.

Develop and prioritize national disaster or hostile actioninfrastructure recovery plans.

Review Service civil engineering support and constructionprograms for validity in support of joint operation plans.

Identify and support civil engineering support requirementsfor joint operations that exceed component fundingauthorities.

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Responsibilities

a. Staff, organize, train, and equip civilengineer resources that can perform the civilengineering support tasks indicated with an“X” in Figure I-2.

b. Provide, through their Servicecomponents, input to each CINC’s CESP

3. Services

Additional responsibilities are outlined inDOD Directive 5100.1 and Joint Pub 0-2,“Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF),”to include civil engineering support.Specifically, the Services:

Figure I-2. Civil Engineering Support Tasks

Mission Army Navy Air Force MarineCorps

Emergency repair of war damageto facilities

X X X X

Beddown of units and weaponssystem

X X X X

Base development, including linesof communication

X X X X

Operation and maintenance ofown facilities and installations

X X X X

Crash rescue and fire suppression X X X

Construction management oftroop and contract work

X X X X

Limited facility denial measures X X X X

Limited decontamination X X X

Participation in rear area defense X X X X

Redeployment and retrogradeconstruction

X X X X

Enemy prisoner of war and civilianinternees facilities

X X X

Topographic support X

Real estate acquisition X X X

Combating terrorism X X X X

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4. Department of the Army

In addition to, or coincident with,component missions specified by the CINC,the Army provides military troopconstruction support to the Air Forceoverseas and ensures that Army units neededfor that purpose are equipped, staffed, andtrained at the level required to support the AirForce. This support specifically includes:

a. Assisting the Air Force withemergency repair of war-damaged airbases when that requirement exceeds the AirForce organic capability.

b. Repairing and restoring war damageto air bases beyond emergency repair.

development process regarding Servicecomponent requirements. Servicecomponent CESPs reflect guidance providedin the CINC’s CESP and include detailedplans for execution of civil engineeringsupport. CESPs should be developed usingdata from JEPES.

c. Maintain , through their Servicecomponents’ staff, capability to accomplishthe civil engineering planning andexecution staff functions described insubparagraph 3b above.

d. Provide personnel and logisticsupport required to conduct the real estateand environmental activities described inChapter II, “Planning.”

Figure I-2. Civil Engineering Support Tasks (cont’d)

Mission Army Navy Air Force MarineCorps

Counterdrug* X X X X

Security assistance* X X X X

Civil-military operations* X X X X

Combined training* X X X X

Support to US Governmentagencies*

X X X X

Environmental protection X X X X

International or domesticemergencies*

X X X X

Nation assistance* X X X X

* Peacetime missions for which civil engineering forces may be made available. Each missionis affected by unique laws and regulations. In many cases, missions may be performed only inconjunction with other legitimate activities of the Department of Defense or other governmentdepartments or agencies.

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Responsibilities

c. Assisting the Air Force with forcebeddown when that requirement exceeds theAir Force organic capability.

d. Acquiring, improving, replacing,constructing, or expanding terrain andfacilities for support of Air Force basedevelopment (excluding Air Force beddownrequirements).

e. Managing construction for repair andrestoration of war damage and basedevelopment, including the direction andcontrol of Army units and personnel, withinpriorities established by the air basecommander.

5. Department of the Navy

In addition to, or coincident with,component missions specified by the CINC,the Navy provides:

a. General engineering support toMarine air-ground task forces (MAGTFs).This support consists of Naval ConstructionForce (NCF) units under the operationalcontrol of a MAGTF. These NCF units are

necessary to reinforce and augment theMAGTF’s limited engineering capability.They are integral to the organization of theMAGTF and ensure immediate and effectivedelivery of combat service support (CSS).Specific tasks of the NCF include:

• Providing civil engineering support toFleet Marine Forces, includingconstruction and maintenance ofoperational, logistic, underwater, andship-to-shore facilities.

• Providing military and amphibiousassault construction support toMAGTF operations, subsequent Navycombat support (CS) and CSS ashore,rear area security support, and defenseagainst overt or clandestine enemyattacks directed toward personnel, camps,and facilities under construction.

• Enhancing MAGTF capability toprovide disaster relief, includingfurnishing of assistance to civilianagencies under conditions of emergency,disaster, or catastrophe caused by enemyaction or natural causes.

Army engineers install water bladders for storage of purified water in Zaire insupport of Operation SUPPORT HOPE.

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• Enhancing MAGTF capabilities toprovide forces for civic actionemployment that complements themilitary, social, and psychologicalprograms of the joint force and othergovernment agencies.

• Providing well-drilling equipment andoperators to provide a source of freshwater to the MAGTF and other specialsupport such as road construction, asphaltpaving, and rock crushing.

b. Military troop construction to the AirForce in those instances where Air Forcecontingency engineering requirementsexceed both Air Force and Armycapabilities.

6. Department of the Air Force

The Air Force may provide militarytroop engineer support to other Services

when requirements exceed another Service’scapabilities and when support is notdetrimental to the Air Force mission.

7. Defense Logistics Agency

In support of deploying forces, the DefenseLogistics Agency is responsible for the reuseof material, which includes establishingcapabilities to dispose of hazardous waste andpersonal property.

8. Contract ConstructionAgents (CCA)

CCA responsibilities to support deployedUS forces are conducted in accordance withcurrent law and DOD policy.

Navy SEABEEs spread concrete for a Marine base camp duringOperation DESERT STORM.

CHAPTER IIPLANNING

II-1

1. Civil Engineering SupportPlan

a. Civil engineering planning is anintegral part of the joint operationplanning process and should be conductedwithin the joint planning and executioncommunity as part of the Joint OperationPlanning and Execution System.

b . T h e C E S P s h o u l d i d e n t i f yminimum essential facilities and civilengineering capabilities needed to supportthe commitment of military forces. Theserequirements will be identified in terms of hostnation (HN) provided and US providedthrough leasing or construction by contractoror US forces. After considering war damagerepair on these facilities, construction,materiel, and civil engineering unitrequirements are determined. Additionally,construction support requirements such asbeach preparation for logistics-over-the-shoreoperations, offshore petroleum dischargesystem, and inland petroleum distributionsystem operations are considered.

• CINCs are responsible for preparingCESPs as an integral part of the jointoperation planning process. A CESPwill be included in the logistics annex ofthe CINC OPLANs that involvedeployment or redeployment of militaryforces to or within theaters of operationrequiring civil engineering support. TheCESP will be prepared in the formatdescribed in Joint Pub 5-03.2, “JointOperation Planning and ExecutionSystem Vol II (Planning and Execution

Formats and Guidance),” Chapter III,Annex D, Appendix 5.

• When a subunified commander, a jointtask force (JTF) commander, orcomponent commander is tasked toprepare a CESP, the tasking shouldconsider the elements shown in FigureII-1 .

• Implementing directives will bepublished by the supported commandersto specify the procedures forparticipation of their Servicecomponents in the civil engineeringsupport planning required.

c. The JEPES replaces the CivilEngineering Support Plan Generator(CESPG) as a planning tool to develop datato assist CINC and Service componentstaffs in determining their civil engineeringsupport requirements and documentingtheir CESP. JEPES is a computer model thatshould be used by CINC planners to estimatetheater-level wartime requirements forfacilities, construction material, and civilengineering capability in support of deployedUS forces. JEPES should be used whereverpossible in the planning process in order toprovide consistent civil engineering supportplanning across all combatant commands.

• The primary purpose of JEPES is toassist CINC and component plannersin determining whether an OPLANprovides sufficient civil engineeringcapabilities at the correct locations andat the appropriate times to support

"In forming the plan of a campaign, it is requisite to foresee everything theenemy may do, and be prepared with the necessary means to counteractit."

Napoleon IMaxims of War , 1831

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deployment, mission accomplishment,and sustainment of OPLAN forces.Specifically, the civil engineering andfacility requirements generated by JEPESare intended to aid engineer planners inpreparing the CESP.

• JEPES extracts unit and populationdata from the time-phased force anddeployment data (TPFDD), appliesfacility planning factors to computetotal facility requirements at unitlocations in theater, and then subtracts

Figure II-1. Elements to be Incorporated into Civil Engineering Support Planning

ELEMENTS TO BE INCORPORATED INTOCIVIL ENGINEERING SUPPORT PLANNING

Responsibility for preparing the Civil Engineering SupportPlan

Restrictions imposed on the use of bases andinstallations

Assumptions regarding availability of host-nation criticalsupport

Major construction resources to be allocated

Standards of construction to be used

Responsibility for construction management

Responsibility for determining facility use in light ofcompeting requirements

Priorities for development in broad categories with time-phased requirements and provisions for developing a jointtheater facility priority list

Provision for withdrawal, such as base denial andmovement of relocatable residual assets

Contract construction agent missions and responsibilities

Responsibility of the combatant commanders for ensuringthat civil engineering intelligence information requirementsare defined, and that resources requested in theConsolidated Intelligence Program are available to enabledevelopment of information for use in the Civil EngineeringSupport Plan

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Planning

existing infrastructure assets todetermine remaining civil engineeringsupport requirements. JEPES estimateswar damage repair by applying attritionfactors to infrastructure assets. Civilengineer manpower necessary to supportthe requirements and gross constructionmaterial requirements are compiled in atime-phased format and made availablein report form.

• The civil engineering requirementsgenerated by JEPES serve as thestarting point for planning specificwartime construction projects. JEPESrequirements are, however, based onmany assumptions and simplificationsof reality. For example, JEPES onlyconsiders expected war damage toexisting facilities in developing Class IVmaterial requirements which are lesscomprehensive than the Unit Type Code-related requirements produced by thelogistic sustainment analysis andfeasibility estimator (LOGSAFE)program. Therefore, constructionrequirements generated by JEPES shouldbe considered notional until validated byplanners with firsthand knowledge of

specific installations. JEPES can andshould be used to validate gross tonnagerequirements for construction materials(Class IV-A) obtained by other means.

• JEPES provides assistance to plannersin determining civil engineeringsupport requirements and shortfallsduring operation planning. Plannersneed not use JEPES if the deviation fromCINC and Service standards in JEPEScan be justified. Planners must explainin the CESP the method used todetermine their civil engineering supportrequirements and shortfalls if they electnot to use JEPES.

d. As stated in Chapter I, “Responsibilities,”Service component commanders developtheir CESPs in support of the CINC CESP.Both CESPs are reviewed by the Services forsupportability.

2. Facilities

a. The CINC is responsible for thecoordination of planning, programming,and construction of facilities within thecommand. Additionally, the CINC should

Air Force engineers construct strong back tent frames duringtraining for contingency construction.

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determine the priorities in the programmingof facilities necessary to support the mission.Contingency construction project requests inoverseas areas require validation by the CINC.The CINC may establish a Joint FacilitiesUtilization Board (JFUB) to assist inmanaging facilities.

• The JFUB evaluates and reconcilescomponent requests for real estate, useof existing facilities, inter-Servicesupport, and construction to ensurecompliance with Joint Civil-MilitaryEngineering Board (JCMEB)priorities.

• The JFUB is activated on the order ofa joint force commander and chairedby the J-4, with members fromcomponent commands and any requiredspecial activities (e.g., legal and civilaffairs).

• The JFUB also provides administrativesupport and functions as the executiveagency for the tasking of the JCMEB.(See Chapter III, “Command andControl,” subparagraph 4b.)

b. Facility requirements are optimizedconsistent with expected operationalrequirements, duration of need, and forcesto be supported. If facilities must be acquiredto support joint operations, the requirementsshould be satisfied in the following order,consistent with operational imperatives andeconomic judgment.

• Use existing facilities owned, occupied,or leased by the United States in atheater of operations.

• Use US-owned relocatable buildingsand facility substitutes prepositionedin the theater of operations.

• Exercise the provisions of HN supportagreements.

• Acquire existing facilities in the theaterof operations from commercialsources.

• Use US-owned relocatable buildingsand facility substitutes located outsidethe theater of operations.

• Construct new facilities.

Navy SEABEEs use contingency construction skills to construct strong backtent villages for Cuban migrants during Operation SEA SIGNAL.

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Planning

c. Facility designs are developed usingthe following principles:

• Maintenance requirements areconsidered in the design of facilities.

• Facility scopes are based on MJCS-275-89.

• Standard facility designs aredeveloped to meet Service doctrinalrequirements based on site conditionassumptions and structuralconfigurations to sustain anticipatedunit equipment. The standard designsshould, therefore, be construed as validfor most situations. The designs may bemodified based on operational,environmental, unusual site, or uniquecustomer requirements. The availability

of relocatable shelters or facilitysubstitutes also may have designimplications.

d. Construction standards, shown inFigure II-2, determine the types of materialsand construction techniques used inconstructing facilities in support ofcontingency operations. Contingencyconstruction standards provide criteria thatminimize engineer efforts while providingfacilities of a quality consistent with themission requirements, personnel health andsafety, and the expected availability ofconstruction resources. Where missionrequirements are similar, facilities shouldbe constructed to the same standards byall Services. Construction requirements maybe met by commercial, off-the-shelf buildingsystems that are austere and rapidly erectable,

CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

Initial Standard

Temporary Standard

Characterized by austere facilities requiring minimalengineer effortIntended for immediate austere operational use by unitsupon arrival in theater for a limited time ranging up to 6months (depending on the specific facility)May require replacement by more substantial ordurable facilities during the course of operations

Characterized by minimum facilitiesIntended to increase efficiency of operations for useextending to 24 monthsProvides for sustained operationsReplaces initial standard in some cases where missionrequirements dictate. Temporary standard constructioncan be used from the start of an operation if directed bya combatant commander

Figure II-2. Construction Standards

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and yet have a life span that exceeds even thetemporary standard if that alternative is as costor operationally effective.

TYPE OFCONSTRUCTION

INITIAL TEMPORARY

Site preparation Clearing and grading forfacilities sites, includingdrainage, revetments for POLand ammo storage and aircraftparking; aggregate for heavilyused hardstands; and soilstabilization.

Engineering sitepreparation, includingpavement for vehicle trafficareas and aircraft parking,building foundations, andconcrete floor slabs.

Troop housing Tents (may have wood framesand flooring).

Wood frame structures;relocatable structures;mobile structures.

Electricity Tactical generators; high andlow voltage distribution.

Nontactical generators andhigh or low voltagedistribution.

Water Water points, wells, and/orother potable water productionand pressurized waterdistribution systems.

Limited distribution tohospitals, dining halls, andother large users.

Cold storage Portable refrigeration withfreezer units for medical, food,and maintenance storage.

Refrigeration installed intemporary structures.

Sanitation Organic equipment, evaporativeponds, pit or burnout latrines,lagoons for hospitals, andsewage lift stations.

Waterborne to austeretreatment facility. Prioritiesare hospitals, dining halls,bath houses,decontamination sites, andother high volume waterusers.

Airfield pavement Tactical surfacing, includingmatting aggregate, soilstabilization, and concretepads.

Conventional pavement.*

Fuel storage Bladders. Bladders and steel tanks.

* The type of airfield surfacing to be used will be based on the expected number andweight of aircraft involved in operations.

Figure II-3. Standards of Construction

• Figure II-3 provides examples of thetypes of construction considered underinitial and temporary standards.

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Planning

4. Environment

a. Joint civil engineering operationsshould be planned and conducted withappropriate consideration of their effect onthe environment in accordance withapplicable US and HN agreements,environmental laws, policies, andregulations.

b. All joint civil engineering operationsplanned and conducted within the UnitedStates and US territories and possessionswill be conducted in compliance with allapplicable Federal, state, or localenvironmental laws and standards. Thisincludes the preparation of adequateenvironmental documentat ion andcoordination with the Federal and stateenvironmental, natural resources, andhistoric preservation agencies.

c. Early planning is essential to ensurethat all appropriate environmentalreviews have been completed in accordancewith DODD 6050.7, “EnvironmentalEffects Abroad of Major Department ofDefense Actions,” and the OverseasEnvironmental Baseline Guidance andapplicable Final Governing Standards,and that no HN environmentalrestrictions are required by the status-of - forces agreement or otherinternational agreements. Additionally,a separate annex or appendix for ensuringthat proper attention is given toenvironmental considerations should beincluded in each OPORD and OPLANunder which units will deploy. The annexor appendix should include, but not belimited to, the major sections shown inFigure II-4.

3. Real Estate

a. The CINC is responsible forcoordinating real estate requirementswithin the command. Inter-Service use ofreal estate should be encouraged to themaximum extent possible. Conflictingrequirements for additional real estate andincompatible use of existing real estate willbe resolved by the CINC.

b. The Service components conduct thefollowing real estate activities in supportof operations:

• Determining requirements.

• Selecting property.

• Acquiring property.

• Maintaining property.

• Disposing of property.

• Processing claims.

• Maintaining accurate records.

c. Maximum use should be made ofexisting property before additionalproperty is acquired.

d. Where practicable, the CINC assignsa single agent the responsibility for realestate operations for all Servicecomponents in a theater of operations.

e. When land and facilities are no longerrequired, they are relinquished inaccordance with existing agreements,regulations, and statutes.

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Figure II-4. Elements of Environmental Planning

ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Policies and responsibilities to protect and preserve theenvironment during the deployment

Certification of local water sources by appropriate medicalfield units

Solid and liquid waste management:Open dumpingOpen burningDisposal of gray waterDisposal of pesticidesDisposal of human wasteDisposal of hazardous waste

Hazardous materials management including the potentialuse of pesticides

Flora and fauna protection

Archeological and historical preservation

Base field spill plan

CHAPTER IIICOMMAND AND CONTROL

III-1

1. Authority and Control

a . C o m m a n d e r s of combatantcommands may exercise direct iveauthority over civil engineering. Theexercise of directive authority over civilengineering by a combatant commanderincludes the authority to issue directives tosubordinate commanders, includingpeacetime measures necessary to ensure thefollowing: effectiveness of the execution ofapproved operation plans; effectiveness andeconomy of operation; and prevention orelimination of unnecessary duplication offacilities and overlapping of functions amongthe Service component commands. Acombatant commander’s directive authoritydoes not discontinue Service responsibility forlogistic support; discourage coordination byconsultation and agreement, or disrupteffective procedures, efficient utilization offacilities, or organization.

b. Unless otherwise directed by theSecretary of Defense,the MilitaryDepartments and Services continue to haveresponsibility for the logistic andadministrative support of Service forcesassigned or attached to joint commands,subject to the following guidance:

• Under conditions other than war, thescope of the logistic and administrativeresponsibilities exercised by a CINCwill be consistent with the limitationsimposed by legislation, departmentalpolicy or regulations, budgetaryconstraints, local conditions, and other

specific conditions prescribed by theSecretary of Defense or the Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Additionalguidance may be found in Joint Pub0-2, “Unified Action Armed Forces(UNAAF).”

• During crisis action or wartimeconditions, when critical situationsmandate diversion from the normallogistic process, logistic authority andresponsibility is expanded to authorizeCINCs to use all facilities andresources of all forces assigned to theircommands necessary for theaccomplishment of their missions.

2. Implementation andExecution

The implementation and execution ofcivil engineering functions remain theresponsibility of the Services and theServ ice component commanders(consistent with responsibilities described inChapter I, “Responsibilities.”)

3. Transfer of Functions andFacilities

a. A CINC has the authority to issue andimplement directives to transfer civilengineering functions between or amongService components within the area ofresponsibility (AOR) during war ormilitary operations other than war.However, in peacetime, the CINC must obtainthe concurrence of the affected Service or refer

"Congress cam make a general, but only organization and communicationcan make a commanding general."

Omar Bradley

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a. The CINCs should ensure thatqualified personnel are available to carryout CINC responsibilities delineated inChapter I, “Responsibilities,” and providestaffing and support for any commander towhom operational authority has beendelegated.

b. Joint boards and organizations thatCINCs may establish to manage andcoordinate civil engineering efforts are asfollows:

• C o n t i n g e n c y E n g i n e e r i n gManagement Organizations. AContingency Engineering ManagementOrganization may be formed toaugment the combatant commander’sstaf f wi th addi t ional Serv iceengineering expertise necessary fordeliberate planning and constructionmanagement in wartime operationsand MOOTW. A CINC may forma Theater Contingency EngineeringManagement (TCEM) cell, with similarorganizations formed at subordinatedlevels of command, structured and staffedas required to support the CINC’sconcept of operations. These could be

the matter through the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff to the Secretary of Defensefor resolution.

b. A CINC’s directive authority is notintended to abrogate Service responsibilityfor civil engineering support. Every effortwill be made to obtain the Service’sconcurrence through coordination withService component commands or directly tothe headquarters of the appropriate Service.Under all conditions, the implementation ofsuch directed transfers, includingadministrative and procedural aspects, is theresponsibility of the Service componentcommander involved. The CINC retains theresponsibility for overseeing and resolvingissues.

4. OrganizationalConsiderations

Because contingency operations and waroperations can come swiftly, peacetimeorganizations should be tailored andtrained to meet those requirements. Thefollowing guidance is general in nature andnot directive. The degree of application willvary among combatant commands.

SEABEEs and RED HORSE engineers work together to construct temporarycamps for Cuban migrants in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

III-3

Command and Control

Regional Contingency EngineeringManagement (RCEM) cells and/or JTFContingency Engineering Management(JTFCEM) cells as conditions warrant.Service components with operationalforces in the CINC’s AOR should assignpersonnel to the TCEM to facilitatecoordination. Contingency engineeringorganizations are augments to the staffthey support and do not form anengineer command “stovepipe.” TheTCEM, RCEM, and JTFCEMorganizations support OPLAN and CESPdevelopment and the management ofcontingency engineering operations byperforming the following basic functions:

•• C o n t i n u a l l y a n a l y z e s thecombatant commander’s intentionsfor wartime operations and MOOTW andformulates or advances a constructionprogram based on the commander’spriorities .

•• Identifies potential shortfalls inconstruction capabilities, assessesassociated risks, and develops relatedoptions.

•• Develops policy guidance to includeconstruction standards, project approvallevels, processes for conflict resolution,and reporting requirements.

•• Reviews and monitors host-nationsupport agreements as they pertain tothe civil engineering effort. Thisincludes tracking HN construction,infrastructure, and facility supportcapabilities and the status of projectsaccomplished by HN forces or agencies.

•• Monitors and recommends theallocation and use of theater constructionassets against priority operationalrequirements and recommends tasking forcivil engineering assets.

•• Monitors the operational status oftheater engineering forces andinfluences engineer or constructionlogistics issues on behalf of thoseforces.

•• Monitors and influences themanagement of funds for theconstruction effort in theater.

• Joint Civil-Military EngineeringBoard. The JCMEB is a temporaryboard activated by the CINCs andstaffed by personnel from thecomponent commands and DODagencies or activities in support of theCINCs. The JCMEB:

•• Establishes policies, procedures,priorities, and overall direction forcivil-military construction andengineering requirements in thetheater.

•• Arbitrates all issues referred by theJFUB and, if directed, assumesresponsibility for the preparation of theCESP.

•• Coordinates its activities with theregional or theater constructionmanagers having responsibility for theassigned AOR. Construction andengineering requirements the JCMEBcannot satisfy from within the joint forceresources will be elevated to the nextappropriate level for support.

• Joint Facilities Utilization Board. TheJFUB he lps manage fac i l i t yrequirements within the AOR. (SeeChapter II, “Planning,” subparagraph 2a.)

c. CINC engineering staffs (to includecontingency engineering staffs) are expectedto be prepared to respond immediately towartime and MOOTW requirements.

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Chapter III

Joint Pub 4-04

Intentionally Blank

APPENDIX AREFERENCES

A-1

1. Title 10, United States Code.

2. DODD 6050.7, “Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Department of Defense Actions.”

3. DODD 6050.16, “DOD Policy for Establishing and Implementing EnvironmentalStandards at Overseas Installations.”

4. Joint Pub 0-2, “Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF).”

5. Joint Pub 1-02, “DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.”

6. Joint Pub 3-07, “Joint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War.”

7. Joint Pub 4-0, “Doctrine for Logistic Support of Joint Operations.”

8. Joint Pub 5-0, “Doctrine for Planning Joint Operations.”

9. Joint Pub 5-03.2, “Joint Operation Planning and Execution System Vol II (Planning andExecution Formats and Guidance).”

10. MJCS-275-89, “Planning Factors for Military Construction in Contingency Operations.”

A-2

Appendix A

Joint Pub 4-04

Intentionally Blank

APPENDIX BADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS

B-1

1. User Comments

Users in the field are highly encouraged to submit comments on this publication to theJoint Warfighting Center, Attn: Doctrine Division, Fenwick Road, Bldg 96, Fort Monroe,VA 23651-5000. These comments should address content (accuracy, usefulness,consistency, and organization), writing, and appearance.

2. Authorship

The lead agent and Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is the Director forOperational Logistics (J-4).

3. Change Recommendations

a. Recommendations for urgent changes to this publication should be submitted:

TO: JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J4-SMED//J-7-JDD//

Routine changes should be submitted to the Director for Operational Plans andInteroperability (J-7), JDD, 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 20318-7000.

b. When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposal to the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff that would change source document information reflected in thispublication, that directorate will include a proposed change to this publication as anenclosure to its proposal. The Military Services and other organizations are requestedto notify the Director, J-7, Joint Staff, when changes to source documents reflected inthis publication are initiated.

c. Record of Changes

CHANGE COPY DATE OF DATE POSTEDNUMBER NUMBER CHANGE ENTERED BY REMARKS__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B-2

Appendix B

Joint Pub 4-04

4. Distribution

a. Additional copies of this publication can be obtained through Service publicationcenters.

b. Only approved pubs and test pubs are releasable outside the combatant commands,Services, and Joint Staff. Release of any joint publication to foreign governments orforeign nationals must be requested through the local embassy (Defense Attache Office)to DIA Foreign Liaison Branch, C-AS1, Room 1A674, Pentagon, Washington D.C.20301-7400.

c. Additional copies should be obtained from the Military Service assignedadministrative support responsibility by DOD Directive 5100.3, 1 November 1988,“Support of the Headquarters of Unified, Specified, and Subordinate Joint Commands.”

By Military Services:

Army: US Army AG Publication Center2800 Eastern BoulevardBaltimore, MD 21220-2898

Air Force: Air Force Publications Distribution Center2800 Eastern BoulevardBaltimore, MD 21220-2896

Navy: CO, Navy Aviation Supply OfficeDistribution Division (Code 03443)5801 Tabor AvenuePhiladelphia, PA 19120-5000

Marine Corps: Marine Corps Logistics BaseAlbany, GA 31704-5000

Coast Guard: Coast Guard Headquarters, COMDT (G-REP)2100 2nd Street, SWWashington, D.C. 20593-0001

d. Local reproduction is authorized and access to unclassified publications isunrestricted. However, access to and reproduction authorization for classified jointpublications must be in accordance with DOD Regulation 5200.1-R.

GLOSSARYPART I—ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

GL-1

AOR area of responsibility

CCA contract construction agent (DOD)CESP Civil Engineering Support PlanCESPG Civil Engineering Support Plan GroupCINC commander of a combatant command; commander in chiefCS combat supportCSS combat service support

DODD DOD Directive (with number)

HN host nation

JCMEB Joint Civil-Military Engineering BoardJEPES Joint Engineer Planning and Execution SystemJFUB Joint Facilities Utilization BoardJTF joint task forceJTFCEM joint task force contingency engineering management

LOGSAFE logistic sustainment analysis and feasibility estimator

MAGTF Marine air-ground task forceMJCS Joint Chiefs of Staff MemorandumMOOTW military operations other than war

NCF Naval Construction Force

OPLAN operation planOPORD operation order

POL petroleum, oils, and lubricants

RCEM regional contingency engineering management

TCEM theater contingency engineering managementTPFDD time-phased force and deployment data

UNAAF Unified Action Armed Forces

base development (less force beddown).The acquisition, development, expansion,improvement, and construction and/orreplacement of the facilities and resourcesof an area or location to support forcesemployed in military operations ordeployed in accordance with strategic plans.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02)

base development. The improvement orexpansion of the resources and facilities ofan area or a location to support militaryoperations. (Joint Pub 1-02)

civil engineering. Those combat supportand combat service support activities thatidentify, design, construct, lease, or providefacilities, and which operate, maintain, andperform war damage repair and otherengineering functions in support of militaryoperations. (Approved for inclusion in thenext edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

civil engineering support plan. An appendixto the Logistics annex or separate annex ofan operation plan that identifies theminimum essential engineering servicesand construction requirements required tosupport the commitment of military forces.Also called CESP. (Approved for inclusionin the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

civil-military operations. Group of plannedactivities in support of military operationsthat enhance the relationship between themilitary forces and civilian authorities andpopulation and which promote thedevelopment of favorable emotions,attitudes, or behavior in neutral, friendly,or hostile groups. (Joint Pub 1-02)

combatant command. A unified or specifiedcommand with a broad continuing missionunder a single commander established andso designated by the President, through the

GL-2 Joint Pub 4-04

Secretary of Defense and with the adviceand assistance of the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff. Combatant commandstypically have geographical or functionalresponsibilities. (Joint Pub 1-02)

combatant command (command authority).Nontransferable command authorityestablished by title 10 (“Armed Forces”),United States Code, section 164, exercisedonly by commanders of unified or specifiedcombatant commands unless otherwisedirected by the President or the Secretaryof Defense. Combatant command(command authority) cannot be delegatedand is the authority of a combatantcommander to perform those functions ofcommand over assigned forces involvingorganizing and employing commands andforces, assigning tasks, designatingobjectives, and giving authoritativedirection over all aspects of militaryoperations, joint training, and logisticsnecessary to accomplish the missionsassigned to the command. Combatantcommand (command authority) should beexercised through the commanders ofsubordinate organizations. Normally thisauthority is exercised through subordinatejoint force commanders and Service and/or functional component commanders.Combatant command (command authority)provides full authority to organize andemploy commands and forces as thecombatant commander considers necessaryto accomplish assigned missions.Operational control is inherent in combatantcommand (command authority). Alsocalled COCOM. (Joint Pub 1-02)

combat service support. The essentialcapabilities, functions, activities, and tasksnecessary to sustain all elements ofoperating forces in theater at all levels ofwar. Within the national and theater logisticsystems, it includes but is not limited to that

PART II—TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

removal, contamination, or erection ofobstructions. (Joint Pub 1-02)

doctrine. Fundamental principles by whichthe military forces or elements thereofguide their actions in support of nationalobjectives. It is authoritative but requiresjudgment in application. (Joint Pub 1-02)

DOD construction agent. The Corps ofEngineers, Naval Facilities EngineeringCommand, or other such approved DODactivity, that is assigned design orexecution responsibilities associated withmilitary construction programs, facilitiessupport, or civil engineering support to thecombatant commanders in contingencyoperations. (Approved for inclusion in thenext edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

domestic emergencies. Emergenciesaffecting the public welfare and occurringwithin the 50 states, District of Columbia,Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, USpossessions and territories, or any politicalsubdivision thereof, as a result of enemyattack, insurrection, civil disturbance,earthquake, fire, flood, or other publicdisasters or equivalent emergencies thatendanger life and property or disrupt theusual process of government. The termdomestic emergency includes any or all ofthe emergency conditions defined below:

a. civil defense emergency--A domesticemergency disaster situation resulting fromdevastation created by an enemy attack andrequiring emergency operations during andfollowing that attack. It may be proclaimedby appropriate authority in anticipation ofan attack.

b. civil disturbances--Riots, acts ofviolence, insurrections, unlawfulobstructions or assemblages, or otherdisorders prejudicial to public law andorder. The term civil disturbance includesall domestic conditions requiring or likely

GL-3

support rendered by service forces inensuring the aspects of supply,maintenance, transportation, healthservices, and other services required byaviation and ground combat troops topermit those units to accomplish theirmissions in combat. Combat servicesupport encompasses those activities at alllevels of war that produce sustainment toall operating forces on the battlefield. (JointPub 1-02)

combating terrorism. Actions, includingantiterrorism (defensive measures taken toreduce vulnerability to terrorist acts) andcounterterrorism (offensive measures takento prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism),taken to oppose terrorism throughout theentire threat spectrum. Joint Pub 1-02)

contingency. An emergency involvingmilitary forces caused by natural disasters,terrorists, subversives, or by requiredmilitary operations. Due to the uncertaintyof the situation, contingencies requireplans, rapid response, and specialprocedures to ensure the safety andreadiness of personnel, installations, andequipment. (Joint Pub 1-02)

crash rescue and fire suppression.Extraction of aircrew members fromcrashed or burning aircraft and the controland extinguishing of aircraft and structuralfires. (Approved for inclusion in the nextedition of Joint Pub 1-02)

decontamination. The process of makingany person, object, or area safe byabsorbing, destroying, neutralizing, makingharmless, or removing, chemical orbiological agents, or by removingradioactive material clinging to or aroundit. (Joint Pub 1-02)

denial measure. An action to hinder or denythe enemy the use of space, personnel, orfacilities. It may include destruction,

Glossary

GL-4

Glossary

Joint Pub 4-04

to require the use of Federal Armed Forcespursuant to the provisions of Chapter 15 ofTitle 10, United States Code.

c. major disaster--Any flood, fire,hurricane, tornado, earthquake, or othercatastrophe which, in the determination ofthe President, is or threatens to be ofsufficient severity and magnitude towarrant disaster assistance by the FederalGovernment under Public Law 606, 91stCongress (42 United States Code 58) tosupplement the efforts and availableresources of state and local governmentsin alleviating the damage, hardship, orsuffering caused thereby.

d. natural disaster--All domesticemergencies except those created as a resultof enemy attack or civil disturbance. (JointPub 1-02)

emergency repair. The least amount ofimmediate repair to damaged facilitiesnecessary for the facilities to support themission. These repairs will be made usingexpedient materials and methods (such asAM-2 aluminum matting, cold-mixasphalt, plywood scabs, temporary utilitylines, emergency generators). Modular orkit-type facility substitutes would beappropriate if repairs cannot be made intime to meet mission requirements.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02)

facility. A real property entity consisting ofone or more of the following: a building,a structure, a utility system, pavement, andunderlying land. (Joint Pub 1-02)

facility substitutes. Items such as tents andprepackaged structures requisitionedthrough the supply system that may be usedto substitute for constructed facilities.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02)

force beddown. The provision of expedientfacilities for troop support to provide aplatform for the projection of force. Thesefacilities may include modular or kit-typefacility substitutes. (Approved forinclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub1-02)

host-nation support. Civil and/or militaryassistance rendered by a nation to foreignforces within its territory during peacetime,crises or emergencies, or war based uponagreements mutually concluded betweennations. (Joint Pub 1-02)

humanitarian and civic assistance.Assistance to the local populace providedby predominantly US forces in conjunctionwith military operations and exercises. Thisassistance is specifically authorized by title10, United States Code, section 401, andfunded under separate authorities.Assistance provided under these provisionsis limited to (1) medical, dental, andveterinary care provided in rural areas of acountry; (2) construction of rudimentarysurface transportation systems; (3) welldrilling and construction of basic sanitationfacilities; and (4) rudimentary constructionand repair of public facilities. Assistancemust fulfill unit training requirements thatincidentally create humanitarian benefit tothe local populace. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Joint Facilities Utilization Board. A jointboard that evaluates and reconcilescomponent requests for real estate, use ofexisting facilities, inter-Service support,and construction to ensure compliance withJoint Civil-Military Engineering Boardpriorities. (Approved for inclusion in thenext edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

joint operation planning process. Acoordinated Joint Staff procedure used bya commander to determine the best method

GL-5

Glossary

of accomplishing assigned tasks and todirect the action necessary to accomplishthe mission. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Joint Operation Planning and ExecutionSystem. A continuously evolving systemthat is being developed through theintegration and enhancement of earlierplanning and execution systems: JointOperation Planning System and JointDeployment System. It provides thefoundation for conventional command andcontrol by national- and theater-levelcommanders and their staffs. It is designedto satisfy their information needs in theconduct of joint planning and operations.Joint Operation Planning and ExecutionSystem (JOPES) includes joint operationplanning policies, procedures, andreporting structures supported bycommunications and automated dataprocessing systems. JOPES is used tomonitor, plan, and execute mobilization,deployment, employment, and sustainmentactivities associated with joint operations.Also called JOPES. (Joint Pub 1-02)

joint planning and execution community.Those headquarters, commands, andagencies involved in the training,preparation, movement, reception,employment, support, and sustainment ofmilitary forces assigned or committed to atheater of operations or objective area. Itusually consists of the Joint Staff, Services,Service major commands (including theService wholesale logistics commands),unified commands (and their certainService component commands), subunifiedcommands, transportation componentcommands, joint task forces (as applicable),Defense Logistics Agency, and otherDefense agencies (e.g. , DefenseIntelligence Agency) as may be appropriateto a given scenario. Also called JPEC.(Joint Pub 1-02)

joint task force. A joint force that isconstituted and so designated by theSecretary of Defense, a combatantcommander, a subunified commander, oran existing joint task force commander.Also called JTF. (Joint Pub 1-02)

lines of communications. All the routes,land, water, and air, which connect anoperating military force with a base ofoperations and along which supplies andmilitary forces move. Also called LOC.(Joint Pub 1-02)

materiel. All items (including ships, tanks,self-propelled weapons, aircraft, etc., andrelated spares, repair parts, and supportequipment, but excluding real property,installations, and utilities) necessary toequip, operate, maintain, and supportmilitary activities without distinction as toits application for administrative or combatpurposes. (Joint Pub 1-02)

military construction. Any construction,alteration, development, conversion, orextension of any kind carried out withrespect to a military installation. (Approvedfor inclusion in the next edition of JointPub 1-02)

military installation. A base, camp, post,station, yard, center, or other activity underthe jurisdiction of the Secretary of aMilitary Department or, in the case of anactivity in a foreign country, under theoperational control of the Secretary of aMilitary Department or the Secretary ofDefense. (Approved for inclusion in thenext edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

military operations other than war.Encompasses the use of military capabilitiesacross the range of military operations shortof war. These military actions can beapplied to complement any combination ofthe other instruments of national power and

GL-6

Glossary

Joint Pub 4-04

occur before, during, and after war. Alsocalled MOOTW. (Joint Pub 1-02)

nation assistance. Civil and/or militaryassistance rendered to a nation by foreignforces within that nation’s territory duringpeacetime, crises or emergencies, or warbased on agreements mutually concludedbetween nations. Nation assistanceprograms include, but are not limited to,security assistance, foreign internaldefense, other US Code title 10 (DOD)programs, and activities performed on areimbursable basis by Federal agencies orinternational organizations. (Joint Pub1-02)

operational control. Transferable commandauthority which may be exercised bycommanders at any echelon at or belowthe level of combatant command.Operational control is inherent in combatantcommand (command authority).Operational control may be delegated andis the authority to perform those functionsof command over subordinate forcesinvolving organizing and employingcommands and forces, assigning tasks,designating objectives, and givingauthoritative direction necessary toaccomplish the mission. Operationalcontrol includes authoritative directionover all aspects of military operations andjoint training necessary to accomplishmissions assigned to the command.Operational control should be exercisedthrough the commanders of subordinateorganizations. Normally this authority isexercised through subordinate joint forcecommanders and Service and/or functionalcomponent commanders. Operationalcontrol normally provides full authority toorganize commands and forces and toemploy those forces as the commander inoperational control considers necessary toaccomp l i sh ass igned miss ions .Operational control does not, in and ofitself, include authoritative direction for

logistics or matters of administration,discipline, internal organization, or unittraining. Also called OPCON. (Joint Pub1-02)

operation and maintenance. Maintenanceand repair of real property, operation ofutilities, and provision of other servicessuch as refuse collection and disposal,entomology, snow removal and icealleviation. (Approved for inclusion in thenext edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

operation plan. Any plan, except for theSingle Integrated Operation Plan, for theconduct of military operations. Plans areprepared by combatant commanders inresponse to requirements established by theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff andby commanders of subordinate commandsin response to requirements tasked by theestabl ishing unif ied commander.Operation plans are prepared in either acomplete format (OPLAN) or as a conceptplan (CONPLAN). The CONPLAN canbe published with or without a time-phasedforce and deployment data (TPFDD) file.

a. OPLAN. An operation plan for theconduct of joint operations that can be usedas a basis for development of an operationorder (OPORD). An OPLAN identifiesthe forces and supplies required to executethe CINC’s Strategic Concept and amovement schedule of these resources tothe theater of operations. The forces andsupplies are identified in TPFDD files.OPLANs will include all phases of thetasked operation. The plan is preparedwith the appropriate annexes, appendixes,and TPFDD files as described in the JointOperation Planning and Execution Systemmanuals containing planning, policies,procedures, and formats. Also calledOPLAN.

b. CONPLAN. An operation plan in anabbreviated format that would require

GL-7

Glossary

considerable expansion or alteration toconvert it into an OPLAN or OPORD. ACONPLAN contains the CINC’s StrategicConcept and those annexes and appendixesdeemed necessary by the combatantcommander to complete planning.Generally, detailed support requirementsare not calculated and TPFDD files are notprepared. Also called CONPLAN.

c. CONPLAN with TPFDD. A CONPLANwith TPFDD is the same as a CONPLANexcept that it requires more detailedplanning for phased deployment of forces.(Joint Pub 1-02)

prisoner of war. A detained person asdefined in Articles 4 and 5 of the GenevaConvention Relative to the Treatment ofPrisoners of War of August 12, 1949. Inparticular, one who, while engaged incombat under orders of his or hergovernment, is captured by the armedforces of the enemy. As such, he or she isentitled to the combatant’s privilege ofimmunity from the municipal law of thecapturing state for warlike acts which donot amount to breaches of the law of armedconflict. For example, a prisoner of warmay be, but is not limited to, any personbelonging to one of the following categorieswho has fallen into the power of the enemy:a member of the armed forces, organizedmilitia or volunteer corps; a person whoaccompanies the armed forces withoutactually being a member thereof; a memberof a merchant marine or civilian aircraftcrew not qualifying for more favorabletreatment; or individuals who, on theapproach of the enemy, spontaneously takeup arms to resist the invading forces. (JointPub 1-02)

rear area. For any particular command, thearea extending forward from its rearboundary to the rear of the area ofresponsibility of the next lower level ofcommand. This area is provided primarily

for the performance of combat servicesupport functions. (Joint Pub 1-02)

redeployment. The transfer of a unit, anindividual, or supplies deployed in one areato another area, or to another locationwithin the area, or to the zone of interiorfor the purpose of further employment.(Joint Pub 1-02)

relocatable building. A building designedto be readily moved, erected, disassembled,stored, and reused. All types of buildingsor building forms designed to providerelocatable capabilities are included in thisdefinition. In classifying buildings asrelocatable, the estimated funded andunfunded costs for average buildingdisassembly, repackaging (includingnormal repair and refurbishment ofcomponents), and nonrecoverable buildingcomponents, including typical foundations,may not exceed 20 percent of the buildingacquisition cost. Excluded from thisdefinition are building types and forms thatare provided as an integral part of a mobileequipment item and are incidental portionsof such equipment components, such ascommunications vans or trai lers.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02)

repair. The restoration of an item toserviceable condition through correction ofa specific failure or unserviceable condition.(Joint Pub 1-02)

repair and restoration. Repair, beyondemergency repair, of war-damaged facilitiesto restore operational capability inaccordance with combatant commandstandards of construction, which includesrepair and restoration of pavementsurfaces. Normally, repairs to facilities willbe made using materials similar to thoseof the original construction. For severelydamaged facilities (i.e., essentiallydestroyed), restoration may require

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Glossary

Joint Pub 4-04

reconstruction. (Approved for inclusion inthe next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

security assistance. Group of programsauthorized by the Foreign Assistance Actof 1961, as amended, and the Arms ExportControl Act of 1976, as amended, or otherrelated statutes by which the United Statesprovides defense articles, military training,and other defense-related services, by grant,loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance ofnational policies and objectives. (Joint Pub1-02)

Service component command. A commandconsisting of the Service componentcommander and all those Service forces,such as individuals, units, detachments,organizations and installations under thecommand, including the support forces thathave been assigned to a combatantcommand, or further assigned to asubordinate unified command or joint taskforce. (Joint Pub 1-02)

strategic plan. A plan for the overall conductof a war. (Joint Pub 1-02)

theater. The geographical area outside thecontinental United States for which acommander of a combatant command hasbeen assigned responsibility. (Joint Pub1-02)

Assess-ments/

Revision

CJCSApproval

TwoDrafts

ProgramDirective

ProjectProposal

J-7 formally staffs withServices and CINCS

Includes scope of project,references, milestones,and who will developdrafts

J-7 releases ProgramDirective to Lead Agent.Lead Agent can beService, CINC, or JointStaff (JS) Directorate

STEP #2Program Directive

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The CINCS receive the pub andbegin to assess it during use

18 to 24 months followingpublication, the Director J-7, willsolicit a written report from thecombatant commands andServices on the utility and qualityof each pub and the need for anyurgent changes or earlier-than-scheduled revisions

No later than 5 years afterdevelopment, each pub is revised

STEP #5Assessments/Revision

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Submitted by Services, CINCS, or Joint Staffto fill extant operational void

J-7 validates requirement with Services andCINCs

J-7 initiates Program Directive

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STEP #1Project Proposal

All joint doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures are organized into a comprehensive hierarchyas shown in the chart above. is in the series of joint doctrine publications.The diagram below illustrates an overview of the development process:

Joint Pub 4-04 Logistics

JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARCHY

JOINT PUB 1-0 JOINT PUB 3-0 JOINT PUB 5-0 JOINT PUB 6-0

JOINT PUB 0-2

JOINT PUB 1

UNAAF

JOINTWARFARE

JOINTDOCTRINE

PUBLICATION

Lead Agent forwards proposed pub to Joint Staff

Joint Staff takes responsibility for pub, makesrequired changes and prepares pub forcoordination with Services and CINCS

Joint Staff conducts formalstaffing for approval as a Joint Publication

STEP #4CJCS Approval

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Lead Agent selects Primary Review Authority(PRA) to develop the pub

PRA develops two draft pubs

PRA staffs each draft with CINCS, Services,and Joint Staff

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STEP #3Two Drafts

ENHANCEDJOINT

WARFIGHTINGCAPABILITY

JOINT PUB 2-0 JOINT PUB 4-0

C4 SYSTEMSPLANSLOGISTICSOPERATIONSINTELLIGENCEPERSONNEL

andADMINISTRATION