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Jovian Planets. Rulers of the Solar System. Properties. Most of Jupiter and Saturn and about half of Uranus and Neptune are made of Hydrogen and Helium. Voyager. Energy. With no surface, no surface modification processes No craters No volcanoes No tectonics No erosion - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Jovian PlanetsJovian Planets
Rulers of the Solar System
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Properties
• Most of Jupiter and Saturn and about half of Uranus and Neptune are made of Hydrogen and Helium
Mass(kg)
Radius(km)
Average Density(kg/m3)
# of Moons
Mag. field (♁=1)
Rotation Period(days)
Surface Temp.(K)
Surface Gravity(♁=1)
Jupiter 1.9 x 1027
71,000
1330 16 14 0.41 124 2.5
Saturn 5.7 x 1026
60,000
710 18+ 0.7 0.43 97 1.1
Uranus 8.7 x 1025
26,000
1240 21 0.7 -0.69 58 0.91
Neptune
1.0 x 1026
25,000
1670 8 0.4 0.72 59 1.1
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Voyager
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Energy
• With no surface, no surface modification processes– No craters– No volcanoes– No tectonics– No erosion
• These are big planets• Big planets have lots of internal energy• With no endogenic surface processes,
where does the energy go?
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Bands &
Storms
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Bands
• Differential rotation – poles take longer to rotate than equator
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Storms
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The great red spot
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SL9
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Interiors
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ere
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Uranus’ orbit
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Planetary Rings
• All the “Jovian planets” have rings
• These are not solid, but composed of millions of tiny particles of ice and dust
• Rings have structure: gaps and spokes
Composition
Size
Jupiter Dust Small grains
Saturn Water ice < house size
Uranus Carbonaceous
Large paricles
Neptune
dark, unknown
unknown, small
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Rings
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Ring structure
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Shepard moons
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Planetary rings – Why?• Left to itself, a ring will slowly spread out due to
gravitational interactions• Rings are bounded by the stronger gravity of larger
bodies: The planet itself and some of the larger and nearby moons
• Some bounds are due to gravitational resonances, others due to the direct action of sheparding satellites
• The origin of the rings is unknown – either a failed satellite or a broken satellite
• A reason is known: the tidal stability limit at 2.5 times the radius of the body. Interior to this, 2 touching particles will be pulled apart by the planet’s gravity
• Why don’t inner planets have rings? Gravitation perturbations by the Sun will cause any small particles to spiral into the planets on a relatively short time scale.