JOURNAL QUESTION How did you meet your friends? (8 sent)

Hand in journal

GROUPS & FORMAL

ORGANIZATIONSChapter 6

PRIMARY & SECONDARY

GROUPS

Ch. 6.1 (p. 172-175)

GROUPS In regular

contact Similar way of

thinking, feeling, behavior

Consider each other’s behavior

One or more goals in common

CATEGORIES VS. GROUPS Social category: share same social

characteristicEx: women, seniors, middle schoolers

Social aggregate: people at the same place at the same timeEx: people at the mall

These are NOT examples of groups

PRIMARY GROUP Know each other very well Emotionally tied to each other Create a sense of “we” Comprised of primary relationships

Caring, intimate, personal interactions Most important in socialization process P. Groups are: small in size, face-to-face,

occur very frequently, occur in proper setting

WHY ARE P. GROUPS IMPORTANT? Give emotional

support Learn rules and

how to fit in to society (socialization)

Conformity based on social status

SECONDARY GROUPS Goal/task oriented Impersonal interactions (secondary

relationships) Work groups, volunteer organizations,

etc. If friendship becomes more important

than the task, group MAY FAIL

DISCUSSION QUESTION OF DAY Why are some people allowed in certain

groups but others are kept out?

(Do not have to write, journals will be returned next class)

NETWORKS & SOCIAL

INTERACTION6.2 & 6.3

p. 177-186

GROUPS In-group

Extreme loyalty among the membersExclude others“Us” or “we”

Out-groupComposed of people not part of in-groupCompetes with the in-group“they” or “them”

IN-N-OUT GROUPS Group “boundaries”

Distinguishing characteristics that show who is part of the in-group and who is not

Ex: clothing, symbols, handshakes, physical locations, language

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIfChi7QFTo

Must have commitment from group members to maintain integrity of the group

SOCIAL NETWORKS Made up of all of a person’s social

relationships Ties us to numerous people within our

community and around the world Using the internet has allowed for larger

social networks as well as faster, more frequent, and easier communication

Social networks are not groups, but groups make up social networksPrimary/secondary groups

Good for support, making career connections

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS Essential to group longevity

Makes room for individuals to take on roles

Different norms and behavior

COOPERATION & SOCIAL EXCHANGE Come together

to accomplish a goal

Limited resources

Games, emergencies

Voluntary action Expect reward Reward more

important than the action

System of reciprocity

CONFLICT & COERCION Work against

one another Want reward Unity within

groups Attention to

social inequalities

Must give in to wants of an individual or group

Opposite of social exchange

PowerTorture, death,

humiliation, other social pressures

CONFORMITY Matching group expectations Allows for creation of larger social

institutions Groupthink

Thinking of a group that is deceptive Avoided by having group say in decisionsHave opposing viewpoints

SOCIAL NETWORK ASSIGNMENT Create your own social network Go 2 degrees out from you (1 degree is

the people you personally know, 2 degrees are the people that your first people know)

Create at least 4 of your in groups State how you conform to your in groups Describe the boundaries (how you know

you are in the in-group) What are the goals of your in groups?

Formal Organizations6.4

How did communities switch from spending the majority of time with primary groups to spending most times with secondary groups?

Formal Organization◦ Achieve one or

more long term goal

◦ Exs: high school, college, corporations, gov’t agencies

Bureaucracy ◦ Formal org. based

on rationality and efficiency

Bureaucracy Secondary groupDivision of labor

◦Specialization expertise in limited areas

Very impersonal◦Call help/service centers◦Automation

Hierarchy of authority◦Power: ability to control behavior of

others◦Legitimate power

Legitimate= recognized or approved source

BureaucracySystem of rules and procedures

◦Coordinate activitiesWritten records of work

◦Kept in files◦Essential for continuity

Promotion based on merit and qualifications

◦Equal treatment for all

How might corporations alleviate problems we associate with bureaucracies?

Benefits of bureaucracyEfficient in dealing with

INDUSTRIAL societies/large number of people

Precision, speed, efficient, cost effective

Designed to protect individualsRationalization: knowledge,

reason, planning

Informal organizationsGroups within formal

organizationsCommon interests & personal

relationshipsSpontaneous Able to create primary

relationships inside an impersonal setting◦Conformity strength

What are ways bureaucratic or formal organizations might encourage informal organizations to come about?