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(JoWREM)
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
Journal of
Water Resource Engineering and
Management
Jan -April 2014
www.stmjournals.com
STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the
year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned
institutes.
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is published (frequency: three times a year) in
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Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management
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Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management
STM Publication(s)
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Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)
Noida ,India
Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra
DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India
Puneet Pandeya
ManagerMonika Malhotra
Assistant Manager
Assistant Editors
Aditya Sanyal
Himani Garg
Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India.
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal
University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral
Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials
Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,
Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,
Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
Aurangabad, India.
Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Dr.Ajaykumar Ramdas KambekarFaculty,Department of Civil Engineering
Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Bhavan's Campus, Munshi Nagar,
Andheri, Mumbai, India.
Dr. Chander Kumar SinghAssistant Professor, Department of
Natural Resources,TERI University,India.
Dr. Erfan Mondal,Professor, Department of Geology,
AMU, Aligarh, India.
Mr. Gobinath RavindranAssistant Professor ,Department of
Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur,
Tamilnadu, India.
Dr. Dalchand JhariyaAssistant Professor,National Institute
of Technology ,Raipur, India.
Dr. Arindam SarkarAssistant Professor, School of
Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Mr. Ishtiyaq AhmadAssistant Professor,Department of
Civil Engineering, National Institute of
Technology , Raipur, India.
Dr. Javed AlamAssociate Professor, Civil Engineering
Department,A.M.U, Aligarh, India.
Dr. Jyoti SarupAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal,
India.
Dr. K. S KasiviswanathanAssistant Professor (SG) Department
of Civil Engineering, India.
Dr. Kanhu Charan PatraProfessor,
Civil Engineering Department, Former Head and Dean (AR), National Institute of
Technology Rourkela, India.
Dr. M. Mizanur Rahaman Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Asia Pacific
House- 8/A, Road - 7 Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209 Bangladesh.
Editorial Board
Dr. N. VishwakarmaAssistant Professor, National
Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
Dr. Prosenjit GhoshAssistant Professor,Center for
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,
India.
Dr. Rajesh GuptaProfessor, Civil Engineering, NIT
Nagpur.
Dr. Ramesh H GowdaWater Resources Engineering Specialist,
National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Suratkhal, India.
Prof. Quamrul HassanProf. Quamrul Hassan, Department of Civil
Engineering Faculty of Engineering &
Technology Jamia Millia Islamia,
New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pabitra Ranjan MaitiAssistant Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University),
India.
Dr. Saravanan SubbarayanAssistant Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering, National Institute of
Technology , Tiruchirappalli, India.
Dr. Shamsuddin ShahidAssociate Professor ,Department of
Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM) Johor, Malaysia.
Dr. Syed Zaheer HasanScientist-G,Petroleum Research Wing,
Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute, PDPU Campus,
Raisan,Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (1)] of Journal of Water
Resource Engineering and Management. The intension of JoWREM is to create an atmosphere
that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Water Resource Engineering and
Management.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoWREM provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Water Resource Engineering and Management found to be relevant for
National and International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Water Resource Engineering and Management.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. An Assessment of Structural Safety of Cement Mortar Lined Irrigation Water Pipeline by Hydrostatic Test Rizwan Ali, Hanumanthappa MS, Shyamli Paswan, Ghosh AK, Govindan S 1
2. Water and Social Responsibilities Kumari Shivangi, Paritosh Pandey, Shalini Kumar, Harinarayan Tiwari 6
3. Land Surface Temperature Estimation using Landsat ETM+ DataChander Kumar Singh 8
4. River Science Research: Multidisciplinary To Trans DisciplinaryHarinarayan Tiwari, Nayan Sharma 15
5. River Water and Soil Analysis in Noyyal River, TirupurAswathy V Gopal, Arun O S, D. Saranyadevi 20
ContentsJournal of Water Resource Engineering and Management.
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
An Assessment of Structural Safety of Cement Mortar
Lined Irrigation Water Pipeline by Hydrostatic Test
Rizwan Ali*, Hanumanthappa MS, Shyamli Paswan, Ghosh AK, Govindan S Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune-411024, India
Abstract Structural safety of cement mortar-lined water pipeline is a matter of great concern
primarily due to weld defects, fabrication deficiency and assessment of pressure shared
by lining. The verification of structural design of such pipeline and assessment of safety is
generally carried out by conducting prototype hydrostatic test. The present paper is
based on one such type of study conducted by CWPRS, Pune, for Guthpha Lift Irrigation
Scheme, Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh. The pipes of finished internal diameter varying
from 1600–2200 mm have been fabricated with 12 mm thick Grade B mild steel
complying with IS: 2062 specifications. The pipes have been designed further with
internal lining of 15 mm thick cement mortar and external coating of 25 mm cement
mortar for an internal design pressure of 6 kg/cm2. In order to assess structural safety by
conducting prototype hydrostatic test, two lined pipes each of 6 m length and 2200 mm
internal diameter have been joined to form a single pipe of 12 m length to eliminate edge
effects due to welded bulkheads at the ends. The pipeline has been supported on rigid
concrete platform through three saddle supports. Electrical resistance-type strain gauges
have been installed at critical locations in high-stressed zones after removing external
coating of cement mortar. The pipeline has been tested up to 1.5 times of design internal
pressure, i.e., 9.0 kg/cm2. The allowable stress as per design has been taken as 0.66 times
of yield stress with 90% weld efficiency, which worked out to be 1485 kg/cm2. The hoop
tensile stresses in steel pipe computed at different locations based on measured strains
have been found to vary from 300 to 1000 kg/cm2 at 9 kg/cm
2 internal pressure and thus
remain well within allowable limit. The tensile stresses developed in outer cement mortar
coating have been found negligible compared to that developed in the steel pipe
indicating that total applied internal pressure has been shared by the steel pipe only.
Keywords: Prototype, internal lining, bulkheads, hoop stress, electrical resistance
strain gauges
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Water and Social Responsibilities
Kumari Shivangi1, Paritosh Pandey
2, Shalini Kumar
3, Harinarayan Tiwari
4
1M.A., IGNOU, India
2Jagran Institute of Mass Communication, India
3M.A. (Ancient History)
4IIT Roorkee, India
Abstract Water is unanimously acknowledged as a symbol of life as it is the most vital for maintaining an environment and ecosystem contributing to support all forms of life. It
plays an important role in fulfilling basic human need for life and health but also in socio-economic development. 18% of the world’s population lack access to safe drinking
water. By 2025, it is estimated that two thirds of the world’s population will live in areas
facing moderate to severe water stress. Transforming the social culture so that it is educated by the principles of equality, equity, and sustainability - especially
inclusiveness, transparency and accountability - is critical to changing the culture of
water management and also it will change accountability of women only for water management.
Keywords: water, women, society
JoWREM(2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management
Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Land Surface Temperature Estimation using Landsat
ETM+ Data
Chander Kumar Singh* Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, New Delhi-110070, INDIA
Abstract Land Surface Temperature (LST) can be estimated from remotely sensed satellite data.
LST is a key parameter in the physics of land surface processes because it is involved in the energy balance as well as in the evapo-transpiration and desertification processes.
The knowledge of surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in
earth sciences central to urban climatology, global environmental change, and human-environment interactions. In this study an attempt has been made to estimate surface
temperature over a part of Thar Desert area using Landsat-7 ETM+ satellite data. The variability of these retrieved LSTs has been investigated with respect to different land
use/ land cover (LULC) types determined from the Landsat visible and NIR channels. The
emissivity per pixel has been retrieved directly from satellite data and has been estimated as narrow band emissivity at the satellite sensor channel in order to have least error in
the surface temperature estimation. The results suggest that the methodology is feasible
to estimate NDVI and surface temperature with reasonable accuracy over desertic terrain.
Keywords: land surface temperature, NDVI, satellite data, Landsat ETM+
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management
Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
River Science Research: Multidisciplinary
To Trans Disciplinary
Harinarayan Tiwari*, Nayan Sharma
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
Abstract We are in the decay where water is important as well as complex concern of our day to
day life. River is the main source of surface water. It’s merely essential to figure out the issues that will affect the river changes for successful river management. Due to
enormously uncertain spatial; temporal multidimensional characteristic of river change
it’s very difficult to give exact theoretical concept to address this issue. There is inherent contradiction that what the basis for river management is; since property of river change
cannot be explained and expressed by single factor. Therefore, river changes scenario should have to realize as dynamic process. Integrated assessment of physical and
socioeconomic scales in rivers changes improve our understanding and provide greater
potential for long-term persistence of river management and it will require a conceptual framework. A successful development of conceptual framework should provide a basis for
multi-disciplinary researcher with very diverse goals for river changes to come together
in support of better river management. To see regularity in the behavior of river change, it is necessary to prepare a conceptual framework. In this paper an attempt has been
made to prepare the conceptual framework of river changes to get more to Trans disciplinary research.
Keywords: river changes, river management, conceptual framework, water, Trans disciplinary
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management
Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
River Water and Soil Analysis in Noyyal River, Tirupur
Aswathy V Gopal*, Arun O S, D. Saranyadevi Department of Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam,
Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract Tirupur is famous for its textile industries. Because of this, the rate of water pollution is
also very high. The generation of waste water from the industries is the main reason for
the waste water problems to the environment. Some industries are not adopting any proper treatment methods to avoid this pollution, because of the high treatment cost.
Without giving proper treatment the waste water is dumping in to the river streams. By
analyzing the present status of the river Noyyal, which is running through the urban
centers of Tirupur city, it is clear that the river is little polluted. The rate of chemical
oxygen demand (COD) and bio chemical oxygen demand (BOD) are higher than that of normal river water. This clearly indicates that the pollution is not yet controlled
properly. To know the most polluted zone of river Noyyal, a case study is being processed
as a project work. Both the organic and inorganic parameters are tested for each sampling point. All the parameters are varying from each sampling point to another.
Here the study analyzed the heavy metals also but they are all within the WHO limits for the drinking water usage. But the color and odour of the river Noyyal is objectionable.
Hence this study also aims to know the sources of pollutants.
Keywords: River Noyyal, COD, BOD, soil analysis, monitoring, surface water
monitoring