Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology-VOLUME 127

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Editor, S. Y. ZAMRIKAssistant to the Editor, D. BIERLY

Past EditorsI. BERMAN

R. E. NICKELLR. H. GALLAGHER

G. E. O. WIDERAAssociate Editors

C. E. JASKE „2005 …S. RAHMAN „2005 …

ASME Codes & Standards

M. D. RANA „2006 …Computer TechnologyD. R. METZGER „2007 …

Design & AnalysisM. PERL „2007 …

G. E. O. WIDERA „2006 …D. K. WILLIAMS „2005 …

K. K. YOON „2006 …Fluid Structure Interaction

M. J. PETTIGREW „2007 …W. L. CHENG „2005 …

High Pressure TechnologyD. M. FRYER „2004 …

Materials & FabricationP.-S. LAM „2006 …

F. W. Brust „2007 …Operations, Applications

& ComponentsB. BLYUKHER „2007 …

Seismic Engineering

R. J. SCAVUZZO „2005 …V. C. MATZEN „2007 …NDE Engineering Division

J. ROSE „2005 …Pressure Vessel Research Council

G. L. HOLLINGER „2005 …

PUBLICATIONS DIRECTORATEChair, ARTHUR G. ERDMAN

OFFICERS OF THE ASMEPresident, HARRY ARMEN

Executive Director, V. R. CARTERTreasurer, R. E. NICKELL

PUBLISHING STAFFManaging Director, Engineering

THOMAS G. LOUGHLINDirector, Technical Publishing

PHILIP DI VIETROProduction Coordinator

COLIN McATEERProduction AssistantMARISOL ANDINO

Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Pressure VesselTechnology (ISSN 0094-9930) is published quarterly (Feb., May,

Aug., Nov.) by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ThreePark Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.

Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailingofces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Transactions of the

ASME, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, c/o THEAMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 22 Law

Drive, Box 2300,Faireld, NJ 07007-2300.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS must be received at Society headquartersseven weeks before they are to be effective.

STATEMENT from By-Laws. The Society shall not be responsiblefor statements or opinions advanced in

papers or ... printed in its publications (B7.1, Para. 3).COPYRIGHT © 2005 by The American Society of Mechanical

Engineers. For authorization to photocopy material for internal orpersonal use under those circumstances not falling within the

fair use provisions of the Copyright Act, contact the CopyrightClearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA01923, tel: 978-750-8400, www.copyright.com. Request for special

permission or bulk copying should be addressed to Reprints/ Permission Department. INDEXED by Applied Mechanics Reviews

and Engineering Information Inc Canadian Goods & Services

RESEARCH PAPERS1 Optimization of Loads in Piping Systems by the Realistic Calculation

Method Applying Fluid-Structure Interaction „FSI … and DynamicFriction

Tilman Diesselhorst and Ulrich Neumann

7 Finite Element Predictions of Temperature Distributions in a MultipassWelded Piping Branch Junction

Wei Jiang, Kadda Yahiaoui, and Frank R. Hall

13 Application of a Multiobjective Optimization to Risk-Based InserviceTesting

Juksanee Virulsri, Shinsuke Sakai, Satoshi Izumi, andAtsushi Iwasaki

20 Analytical Study of Flow Regimes for Direct Contact Condensation Basedon Parametrical Investigation

Anka Petrovic

26 Stresses Within Compound Tubes Comprising a Steel Liner and anExternal Carbon-Fiber Wrapped Laminate

Anthony P. Parker, Edward Troiano, and John H. Underwood

31 Modeling Gas-Liquid Head Performance of Electrical Submersible PumpsDatong Sun and Mauricio Prado

39 On the Violence of High Explosive ReactionsCraig M. Tarver and Steven K. Chidester

49 Case Study of the Use of API 581 on HK and HP Material Furnace TubesSoudabeh A. Noori and John W. H. Price

55 The Effect of Reduced Design Margin on the Fire Survivability of ASMECode Propane Tanks

A. M. Birk

61 Limit and Burst Pressures for a Cylindrical Vessel With a 30 deg—Lateral„d ÕD Ð 0.5 …

Z. F. Sang, Y. J. Lin, L. P. Xue, and G. E. O. Widera

70 Experimental Investigation Into the Fracture Toughness of PolyethylenePipe Material

Ihab Mamdouh Graice, Maher Y. A. Younan, andSoheir Ahmed Radwan Naga

76 Reference Stress Based Approach to Predict Failure Strength of PipesWith Local Wall Thinning Under Combined Loading

Do-Jun Shim, Young-Jin Kim, and Yun-Jae Kim

84 Fluidelastic Instability and Work-Rate Measurements of Steam-GeneratorU-Tubes in Air–Water Cross-Flow

V. P. Janzen, E. G. Hagberg, M. J. Pettigrew, and C. E. Taylor

92 Fitness-for-Service Methodology Based on Variational Principles inPlasticity

H. Indermohan and R. Seshadri

Journal of Pressure

Vessel Technology Published Quarterly by ASME

VOLUME 127 • NUMBER 1 • FEBRUARY 2005

„Contents continued on inside back cover …

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98 Information Fusion Technique for Evaluating Radiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessel SteelsJ. A. Wang, S. Konduri, and N. S. V. Rao

The ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology is abstractedand indexed in the following:Aluminum Industry Abstracts, Applied Science & Technology Index, Chemical Abstracts,Civil Engineering Abstracts, Compendex (The electronic equivalent of Engineering Index), Corrosion Abstracts, Current Contents, E & P Health, Safety, and Environment [E&P stands for Exploration and Production], EEA (Earthquake Engineering Abstracts Database), Engineered Materials Abstracts, Engineering Index, Environmental Engineering Abstracts, Environmental Science and Pollution Management, Fluidex, Fuel & Energy Abstracts, Health & Safety Science Abstracts, Index to Scientic Reviews, INSPEC, Materials Science Citation Index, Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts, Mechanical Engineering Abstracts, METADEX (The electronic equivalent of Metals Abstracts and Alloys Index), Petroleum Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, Referativnyi Zhurnal, Science Citation Index, SciSearch (The electronic equivalent of Science Citation Index), Shock and Vibration Digest, Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts, Steels Alert

„Contents continued …

Volume 127, Number 1Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology FEBRUARY 2005


LOW PRICE









Editor, S. Y. ZAMRIK

Assistant to the Editor, D. BIERLYPast EditorsI. BERMAN

R. E. NICKELLR. H. GALLAGHER

G. E. O. WIDERAAssociate Editors

C. E. JASKE „2005 …S. RAHMAN „2005 …

ASME Codes & StandardsM. D. RANA „2006 …

Computer TechnologyD. R. METZGER „2007 …







F. W. BRUST „2007 …Operations, Applications


Seismic EngineeringR. J. SCAVUZZO „2005 …

V. C. MATZEN „2007 …NDE Engineering Division



PUBLICATIONS DIRECTORATEChair, ARTHUR G. ERDMAN

OFFICERS OF THE ASMEPresident, HARRY ARMENExecutive Director, V. R. CARTER

Treasurer, T. PESTORIUS

PUBLISHING STAFFManaging Director, Engineering

THOMAS G. LOUGHLINDirector, Technical Publishing



Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Pressure VesselTechnology ISSN 0094-9930 is published quarterly

Feb., May, Aug., Nov. by The American Society of MechanicalEngineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.

Periodicals postage paid at New York, NYand additional mailing ofces.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Transactionsof the ASME, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,

c/o THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICALENGINEERS, 22 Law Drive, Box 2300, Faireld, NJ 07007-2300.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS must be received at Societyheadquarters seven weeks before they are to be effective.

STATEMENT from By-Laws. The Society shall notbe responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers

or ... printed in its publications B7.1, Para. 3 .COPYRIGHT © 2005 by The American Society of Mechanical

Engineers. For authorization to photocopy material forinternal or personal use under those circumstances not fallingwithin the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act, contact the

Copyright Clearance Center CCC , 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923, tel: 978-750-8400, www.copyright.com.

Request for special permission or bulk copying should beaddressed to Reprints/Permission Department.

Canadian Goods & Services Tax Registration #126148048

EDITORIAL105 Editor’s Farewell NoteSam Y. Zamrik

RESEARCH PAPERS106 High Temperature Corrosion of Boiler Steels Under Chlorine-Containing

Surface DepositsIvan Klevtsov, Harri Tallermo, Tatjana Bojarinova, andRoger Crane

112 Bottom End-Closure Design Optimization of DOT-39 Non-RellableRefrigerant Cylinders

Y. Kisioglu, J. R. Brevick, and G. L. Kinzel

119 Temperature Distribution and Thermal Stress Analysis of Ball-Tank Subjected to Solar Radiation

Vishnu Verma, A. K. Ghosh, and H. S. Kushwaha123 Optimum Global Failure Prediction Model of Steam Generator Tube With

Two Parallel Axial Through-Wall CracksSeong-In Moon, Young-Jin Kim, Jin-Ho Lee, Myung-Ho Song, andYoun-Won Park

129 Effects of Flow–Pipe Interaction on Drill Pipe Buckling and DynamicsQun Zhang and Stefan Miska

137 Integrity Assessment of Pressure Components With Local Hot SpotsR. Seshadri

143 Determination of Conditional Probability of Dynamic Ductile Axial Crack Arrest for Conventionally-Rolled, Lower-Toughness LinepipeMaterials

David L. Rudland, Gery M. Wilkowski, Shinobu Kawaguchi, andNaoto Hagiwara

151 Plastic Loads for Internally Pressurized Toroidal ShellsJ. Błachut

157 Finite Element Modeling of Fatigue Damage Using a Continuum DamageMechanics Approach

Abı lio M. P. De Jesus, Alfredo S. Ribeiro, andAnto nio A. Fernandes

165 Analysis of Surface Crack in Cylinder by Finite Element AlternatingMethod

Masayuki Kamaya and Toshihisa Nishioka

173 Increased Temperature Margins Due to Constraint LossBostjan Bezensek and John W. Hancock

179 Analysis of Burst Conditions of Shielded Pressure Vessels Subjected toSpace Debris Impact

Igor Ye. Telitchev184 Stress Concentration Effects in Short Cylindrical Vessels With Holes

Subjected to Tension: A Complete AccountNando Troyani, Nelson Jaimes, Gaetano Sterlacci, andCarlos J. Gomes

190 10-Year Experience With T23 „2.25Cr-1.6W … and T122 „12Cr-0.4Mo-2W … in aPower Boiler

N. Komai, F. Masuyama, and M. Igarashi

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

Published Quarterly by ASME

VOLUME 127 • NUMBER 2 • MAY 2005



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197 Fabrication, Construction, and Operation Problems for Grade 91 Fossil Power ComponentsMarvin J. Cohn, Jeffrey F. Henry, and Dan Nass

204 Modeling Two-Phase Flow in Pipe BendsSavalaxs Supa-Amornkul, Frank R. Steward, and Derek H. Lister

ERRATUM210 Erratum: “Fitness-for-Service Methodology Based on Variational Principles in Plasticity ” †Journal of Pressure

Vessel Technology, 2005, 127 „1…, pp. 92 –97 ‡H. Indermohan and R. Seshadri

The ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology is abstractedand indexed in the following:Aluminum Industry Abstracts, Applied Science & Technology Index, Chemical Abstracts,Civil Engineering Abstracts, Compendex (The electronic equivalent of Engineering Index), Corrosion Abstracts, Current Contents, E & P Health, Safety, and Environment [E & P stands for Exploration and Production], EEA (Earthquake Engineering Abstracts Database), Engineered Materials Abstracts, Engineering Index, Environmental Engineering Abstracts, Environmental Science and Pollution Management, Fluidex,Fuel & Energy Abstracts, Health & Safety Science Abstracts, Index to Scientic Reviews, INSPEC, Materials Science Citation Index, Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts, Mechanical Engineering Abstracts, METADEX (The electronic equivalent of Metals Abstracts and Alloys Index), Petroleum Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, Referativnyi Zhurnal, Science Citation Index, SciSearch (The electronic equivalent of Science Citation Index), Shock and Vibration Digest, Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts, Steels Alert


Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology MAY 2005Volume 127, Number 2


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Editor, G. E. O. WIDERA

Past EditorsI. BERMANR. E. NICKELL

R. H. GALLAGHERG. E. O. WIDERA

S. Y. ZAMRIKAssociate Editors

C. E. JASKE „2005 …S. RAHMAN „2005 …















PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEEChair, ARTHUR G. ERDMAN

OFFICERS OF THE ASMEPresident, RICHARD E. FEIGELExecutive Director, V. R. CARTER


PUBLISHING STAFFManaging Director, Publishing















GUEST EDITORIAL213 Special Issue on the Nondestructive Evaluation of Pipeline and VesselStructures

Joseph L. Rose

RESEARCH PAPERS214 Acoustic Microscopy Applied to Ceramic Pressure Vessels and

Associated ComponentsChiaki Miyasaka and Bernhard R. Tittmann

220 Stress and Temperature Effects on Ultrasonic Properties in Cross-Linkedand High Density Polyethylene

Don E. Bray, John Vela, and Raed S. Al-Zubi

226 Sonic Pressure Vessel SensorB. R. Tittmann

230 Condition Monitoring of a Nuclear Power Plant Check Valve Based onAcoustic Emission and a Neural Network

Min-Rae Lee, Joon-Hyun Lee, and Jung-Teak Kim

237 Optimized Inspection of Thin-Walled Pipe Welds Using AdvancedUltrasonic Techniques

M. G. Lozev, R. L. Spencer, and D. Hodgkinson

244 Evaluation of Methods for Detecting and Monitoring of Corrosion Damagein Risers

M. G. Lozev, R. W. Smith, and B. B. Grimmett

255 Estimation of Corrosion Damage in Steel Reinforced Mortar Using GuidedWaves

Henrique Reis, Benjamin L. Ervin, Daniel A. Kuchma, andJennifer T. Bernhard

262 Ray Based Model for the Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Diffraction Simulation

of Thin Walled Structure InspectionG. Baskaran, K. Balasubramaniam, C. V. Krishnamurthy, andC. Lakshmana Rao

269 Small Diameter Remote Field Eddy Current Inspection for UnpiggablePipelines

Albert Teitsma, Stephen Takach, Julie Maupin, Jennifer Fox,Paul Shuttleworth, and Paul Seger

274 The Design of a Mechanical Damage Inspection Tool Using Dual FieldMagnetic Flux Leakage Technology

J. Bruce Nestleroth and Richard J. Davis

284 Magnetostrictive Sensor for Generating and Detecting Plate GuidedWaves

Hegeon Kwun and Sang Young Kim

290 Gas Coupled Ultrasonic Measurement of Pipeline Wall ThicknessPaul Shuttleworth, Julie Maupin, and Albert Teitsma

294 Defect Classication in Pipes by Neural Networks Using Multiple GuidedUltrasonic Wave Features Extracted After Wavelet Processing

Piervincenzo Rizzo, Ivan Bartoli, Alessandro Marzani, andFrancesco Lanza di Scalea

304 In-Line Nondestructive Inspection of Mechanical Dents on Pipelines WithGuided Shear Horizontal Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers

Xiaoliang Zhao, Venugopal K. Varma, Gang Mei, Bulent Ayhan, andChiman Kwan



VOLUME 127 • NUMBER 3 • AUGUST 2005



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310 A Natural Focusing Low Frequency Guided Wave Experiment for the Detection of Defects Beyond ElbowsJoseph L. Rose, Li Zhang, Michael J. Avioli,Jr., and Peter J. Mudge

317 Guided Wave Focusing Mechanics in PipeTakahiro Hayashi, Koichiro Kawashima, Zongqi Sun, and Joseph L. Rose

322 Guided Wave Propagation Mechanics Across a Pipe ElbowTakahiro Hayashi, Koichiro Kawashima, Zongqi Sun, and Joseph L. Rose

328 The Effect of Bends on the Propagation of Guided Waves in PipesA. Demma, P. Cawley, M. Lowe, and B. Pavlakovic

336 Design of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Phased Array TransducersShyamal C. Mondal, Paul D. Wilcox, and Bruce W. Drinkwater

345 A Guided Wave Plate Experiment for a PipeWei Luo, Xiaoliang Zhao, and Joseph L. Rose

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW351 Review of Ultrasonic Phased Arrays for Pressure Vessel and Pipeline Weld Inspections

Michael Moles, No ë l Dub é , Simon Labb é , and Ed Ginzel



Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology AUGUST 2005Volume 127, Number 3


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Editor, G. E. O. WIDERA

Past EditorsI. BERMANR. E. NICKELL

R. H. GALLAGHERG. E. O. WIDERA

S. Y. ZAMRIKAssociate Editors

C. E. JASKE „2005 …S. RAHMAN „2005 …















PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEEChair, ARTHUR G. ERDMAN

OFFICERS OF THE ASMEPresident, RICHARD E. FEIGELExecutive Director, V. R. CARTER


PUBLISHING STAFFManaging Director, Publishing















RESEARCH PAPERS357 A Thin Shell Theoretical Solution for Two Intersecting Cylindrical ShellsDue to External Branch Pipe Moments

M. D. Xue, D. F. Li, and K. C. Hwang

369 A Parametric Finite Element Geometric Analysis of a Pressurized Spherewith Cylindrical Flush Nozzle Outlet

Murat Makaraci

373 Rocking Mechanics of Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Model TanksSubjected to Harmonic Excitation

Tomoyo Taniguchi

387 Thread Friction Torque in Bolted JointsSayed A. Nassar, Payam H. Matin, and Gary C. Barber

394 Thermally Induced Deections in Bolted Flanged Connections

Abdel-Hakim Bouzid and Akli Nechache402 Finite Element Analysis of the Thermal and Mechanical Behaviors of a

Bolted JointToshimichi Fukuoka

408 Robust Reliability Design of Banjo Flange With Arbitrary DistributionParameters

Yimin Zhang, Xiangdong He, Qiaoling Liu, and Bangchun Wen

414 An Analytical Solution for Evaluating Gasket Stress Change in BoltedFlange Connections Subjected to High Temperature Loading

Abdel-Hakim Bouzid and Akli Nechache

423 The Effect of Autofrettage on Uniform Arrays of Three-DimensionalUnequal-Depth Cracks in a Thick-Walled Cylindrical Vessel

M. Perl and B. Ostraich

430 Effect of Geometry of Grooves on Connection Strength of HydraulicallyExpanded Tube-to-Tubesheet JointsH. F. Wang and Z. F. Sang

436 Inuence of Yield-to-Tensile Strength Ratio on Failure Assessment ofCorroded Pipelines

Xian-Kui Zhu and Brian N. Leis

443 Limit Load Analysis of Pipe Bend Using the R -Node MethodIhab F. Z. Fanous, R. Adibi-Asl, and R. Seshadri

449 Plastic Collapse Assessment Method For Unequal Wall Transition Jointsin Transmission Pipelines

Xian-Kui Zhu and Brian N. Leis

457 Weight Functions for T -Stress for Edge Cracks in Thick-Walled CylindersJian Li, Choon-Lai Tan, and Xin Wang

464 The Combined Effect of Pressure and Autofrettage on Uniform Arrays ofThree-Dimensional Unequal-Depth Cracks in Gun BarrelsM. Perl and B. Ostraich

471 Flexural Torsional Guided Wave Mechanics and Focusing in PipeZongqi Sun, Li Zhang, and Joseph L. Rose

479 Use of a Bubble Tracking Method for Prediction of Downhole NaturalSeparation Efciency

Bin Liu and Mauricio Prado



VOLUME 127 • NUMBER 4 • NOVEMBER 2005



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487 Introduction of the Element Interaction Technique for Welding Analysis and SimulationIhab F. Z. Fanous, Maher Y. A. Younan, and Abdalla S. Wi

495 Analysis on the Dynamic Load in a Water Pool during Air Discharge from Submerged SpargerKen Uchida, Takeshi Shimizu, and Mitsuo Komuro

502 Seismic Fragility Analysis of a Water Storage StructureKapilesh Bhargava, A. K. Ghosh, and S. Ramanujam

508 Benchmark of a Fast-Running Computational Tool for Analysis of Massive Radioactive Material Packages in FireEnvironments

Narendra Are, Miles Greiner, and Ahti Suo-Anttila

515 Numerical and Experimental Study on the Cavitating Flow Characteristics of Pressurized Liquid Nitrogen in aHorizontal Rectangular Nozzle

Jun Ishimoto, Masahiro Onishi, and Kenjiro Kamijo

525 Seismic Requali cation of an Underground RCC DuctKapilesh Bhargava, P. Ramesh, A. K. Ghosh, and S. Ramanujam

530 On Circumferential Disposition of Pipe Defects by Long-Range Ultrasonic Guided WavesJian Li

538 Author Index



Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology NOVEMBER 2005Volume 127, Number 4

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Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology-VOLUME 127