Journal of

Modern Chemistry

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Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology

(ISSN: 2321–5208)

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 5 Issue (2)] of Journal of

Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology (JoMCCT). The intension of JoMCCT is to create an

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I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

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Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Assessment of Some Heavy Metals of Spring Waters and Sediments from Iddo Wara Wale Area of Dale Sadi District, Kellem Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia Habtamu Abdisa, Alemayehu Abebaw 1

2. Catalyst, Mixed Catalyst and Additive Effects on the Oscillatory Behaviour of Pyrogallol based Chemical Oscillator Farhad N. A., Peerzada G. M., Gul U., Ganaie N. B. 11

3. Quantification of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) in the Electroplating Effluents of Homicho Ammunition Engineering IndustryGetachew M., Alemayehu A. 20

4. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity: Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived from 4-Cyanobenzaldehye and 4-Amino-5-Mercapto-3-Methyl/Ethyl-1,2,4-triazolesSingh K., Kumar M., Garg G. 27

ContentsJournal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology

JoMCCT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print)

Volume 5, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Assessment of Some Heavy Metals of Spring Waters and

Sediments from Iddo Wara Wale Area of Dale Sadi

District, Kellem Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia

Habtamu Abdisa1*, Alemayehu Abebaw

2

1Department of Chemistry, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, SNNP Region, Ethiopia

2Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract The present study was undertaken to assess the spring water quality in Iddo Wara Wale

area of Dale Sadi district, Kellem Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 20 L samples

were collected from five densely populated springs- Ittisa, Abba Moga, Kersa, Ele Gonda and Merfata. All the samples were analyzed for six heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe and

Zn) using standard methods. The sediment samples collected along with each spring were also analyzed for these metals. All the metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry (AAS) along with the method validation. Among the metals analyzed for

waters, Cd and Cr were below the method detection limit. However, the concentration of Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn were ranged from mean values of 0.119–0.227 mg/L, 0.142–0.166

mg/L, 0.183–0.267 mg/L, and 0.074–0.181 mg/L, respectively. The sediment analysis

showed the mean concentration range of 348.31–429.21 mg/kg, 0.23–0.28 mg/kg, 18.73–22.84 mg/kg, 2.76–3.15 mg/kg, 941.84–1128.56 mg/kg, and 42.39–66.53 mg/kg for Mn,

Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn, respectively. The heavy metal levels in waters were below the WHO and Ethiopian guidelines for drinking water quality, indicating no harmful effect on

drinking. Also, the heavy metal levels in sediments were below the interim sediment

quality guidelines, indicating no potential pollution in sediments.

Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry, Heavy metals, Iddo wara wale,

Sediment, Spring water

JoMCCT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print)

Volume 5, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Catalyst, Mixed Catalyst and Additive Effects on the

Oscillatory Behaviour of Pyrogallol based

Chemical Oscillator

Farhad N. A., Peerzada G. M.*, Gul U., Ganaie N. B. Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India

Abstract The present work is aimed to investigate

the effect of the metal ions used as single

as well as mixed catalysts and Mo(VI) ion

as additive on the oscillatory behaviour of the reaction system comprising of

pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) as

organic substrate and inorganic bromate as oxidant in aqueous sulphuric acid

medium (1.5 mol L1

). The reactions were monitored both spectrophotometrically and

potentiometrically. From kinetic study, the order of reactivity of the metal ions

towards oscillatory behaviour of the

bromate driven pyrogallol based chemical oscillator was found to be Mn(II) › Ce(IV) ›

Ce(III). The Mn(II) and Ce(IV) metal ion

solutions were mixed together in order to have their mixed catalyst effect on the aforesaid

system. Further, the Mo(VI) ion used as additive was found to enhance the rate of Ce(IV)

catalysed reaction system owing to the fact that there is decrease in the induction period which has been found to be linearly proportional to the concentration of Mo(VI) ion in

the range of 0.00225–0.02225 mol L1

with a correlation coefficient of 0.991 under the optimal conditions of the reaction system. The order of reactivity of the metal ions

towards oscillatory behaviour of the bromate driven pyrogallol based chemical oscillator was found to be Mn(II) › Ce(IV) › Ce(III). Further, the Mo(VI) ion used as additive was

found to decrease the induction period in a linear fashion.

Keywords: Oscillations, Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, Pyrogallol, Oscillatory

parameters, Catalyst

JoMCCT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print)

Volume 5, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Quantification of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) in

the Electroplating Effluents of Homicho Ammunition

Engineering Industry

Getachew M.1*, Alemayehu A.

2

1Environmental Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Science,

Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia 2Chemistry Department, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

Abstract Chromium is widely used for plating of the surface of ferrous materials to protect from rust as well as increasing strength. The industrial effluents of wastewater from metal

plating workshops into the environment have produced huge and complex wastes which

far exceed the assimilative capacity of nature and lead to an irreversible health and ecological consequences. So, the study was aimed to quantify chromium (III) and

chromium (VI) in the electroplating effluents of Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry. Wastewater samples were collected during the five working days (Monday to

Friday). Chemical analysis and metal concentrations were determined using Flame

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and titration. The average results obtained were: Cr

+6 (3.904 ± 0.016 mg/L), Cr

+3 (1.112 ± 0.023 mg/L), total Cr (5.38 ± 0.415 mg/L.

Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among the wastewater analyzed. The

amount of chromium (VI), chromium (III), and total chromium were above the permissible level that is not allowed to the natural water. However, a reduction of

substances hazardous to environment has been demanded socially, economically as well as politically. Following the high toxicity of chromium (VI), substitution with

environmental friendly chemicals such as chromium (III) and restriction of the use

chromium (VI) and follow up should be implemented by Environmental protection authority at national level.

Keywords: Chromium (III), Chromium (VI), Wastewater effluent

JoMCCT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print)

Volume 5, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity:

Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Schiff Bases

Derived from 4-Cyanobenzaldehye and 4-Amino-5-

Mercapto-3-Methyl/Ethyl-1,2,4-triazoles

Singh K.1*, Kumar M.

1, Garg G.

2

1Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

2Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

Abstract Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of bidentate Schiff bases derived from the

condensation of 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole and 4-amino-3-ethyl-5-

mercapto-1,2,4-triazole with 4-cyanobenzaldehyde have been synthesized. The synthesized Schiff bases and their metal complexes were then characterized by elemental

analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, electronic spectra), magnetic moment measurement and thermogravimetric techniques. The electronic spectra and magnetic

moment studies suggest octahedral geometry for Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and

square planar geometry for Cu(II) complexes. The newly synthesized Schiff bases and their metal complexes were screened against bacteria (Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus

aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium).

Keywords: 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-methyl/ethyl-1,2,4-triazoles, Schiff bases, Metal

complexes, Antimicrobial activity, Thermal study