Journal of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy (JIDEP) Journal Release Vol. 1.1 June 2013-Abstracts Illustrated

8/13/2019 Journal of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy (JIDEP) Journal Release Vol. 1.1 June 2013-Abstracts Illustrated

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ObjectivesUrban Dialectics, an Inquiry & Design Colloquy, operating under the umbrella of Urban Algorisms, an Inquiry,Instruction, Design, and Development Ensemble (ii.2d), publishes the Journal of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy (JIDEP).Urban Dialectics is committed to promoting a culture of excellence in the management of our resources and in thesustainable use of the environment. To this end, it has set up JIDEP as a forum for training emerging scholars inthe discipline of research, academic discourse, and in the dissemination of empirically acquired scientific knowledge.The Journal of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy [JIDEP] is a double blind peer-reviewed serialisation that targetsgraduate and undergraduate student participation in critical scientific research inquiry, discovery, and knowledgedissemination. Being a citable publication with wide cross-border distribution, it is dedicated to promoting novelresearch based concepts, theory development, and innovative design solutions in the built environment. The journalalso serves as an instrument through which contributors and readers learn the very essential skill of scholarlyscientific research reflection, reporting, and structured contention.

ScopeThe journal documents and disseminates contemporary empirical thought, from the unique perspective of the unfetteredand imaginative vantage point of subtle, youthful minds. It fully acknowledges their peculiar penchant for radicalcreativity. The journal enjoys a broad reach within the discipline of the built environment. It brings togetherresourcefulness in architectural theory, structures, technology, building environmental science, planning, urban design,conservation, and housing design and policy.

Ready-to-referee manuscripts should be dispatched to:The Editor-in-chief, Journal of Inquiry in Desing Pedagogy [JIDEP] ; http://www.fimen.net/UrbanDialectics.html; http://www.urbanalgorisms.net, E-mail: [email protected]; Telephone +254-727-594-421/+250-788-829-576

Publication of papers is carried outwithout charge to the authors,

A guide to authors is included at theend of the journal, in the last pages,

The journal publishes electronically.

[Volume 1, number 1, June 2013, Printable version ]
http://www.fimen.net/UrbanDialectics.htmlhttp://www.urbanalgorisms.net/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.urbanalgorisms.net/http://www.fimen.net/UrbanDialectics.html


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ObjectivesUrban Dialectics, an Inquiry & Design Colloquy, operating under the umbrella of Urban Algorisms, an Inquiry, Instruction,Design, and Development Ensemble (ii.2d), publishes the Journal of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy (JIDEP). Urban Dialecticsis committed to promoting a culture of excellence in the management of our resources and in the sustainable use of theenvironment. To this end, it has set up JIDEP as a forum for training emerging scholars in the discipline of research,academic discourse, and in the dissemination of empirically acquired scientific knowledge. The Journal of Inquiry in DesignPedagogy [JIDEP] is a double blind peer-reviewed serialisation that targets graduate and undergraduate studentparticipation in critical scientific research inquiry, discovery, and knowledge dissemination. Being a citable publication with

wide cross-border distribution, it is dedicated to promoting novel research based concepts, theory development, andinnovative design solutions in the built environment. The journal also serves as an instrument through which contributorsand readers learn the very essential skill of scholarly scientific research reflection, reporting, and structured contention.

ScopeThe journal documents and disseminates contemporary empirical thought, from the unique perspective of the unfetteredand imaginative vantage point of subtle, youthful minds. It fully acknowledges their peculiar penchant for radicalcreativity. The journal enjoys a broad reach within the discipline of the built environment. It brings togetherresourcefulness in architectural theory, structures, technology, building environmental science, planning, urban design,conservation, and housing design and policy.

Ready-to-referee manuscripts should be dispatched to:The Editor-in-chief, Journal of Inquiry in Desing Pedagogy [JIDEP] ; http://www.fimen.net/UrbanDialectics.html ; http://www.urbanalgorisms.net , E-mail: [email protected]; Telephone +254-727-594-421/+250-788-829-576 inelectronic form only.

Publication of papers is carried out without charge to the authors, A guide to authors are included at the end of the journal, in the last pages, The journal publishes electronically only.
http://www.fimen.net/UrbanDialectics.htmlhttp://www.fimen.net/UrbanDialectics.htmlhttp://www.urbanalgorisms.net/http://www.urbanalgorisms.net/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.urbanalgorisms.net/http://www.fimen.net/UrbanDialectics.html


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Editorial Board

Editor-in- Chief..Paul Mwangi Maringa (PhD), Workforce Development Authority(WDA), Rwanda,

Art editor....Philip Ochieng Okello (M., Arch), Jomo Kenyatta University ofAgriculture & Technology (JKUAT), Kenya.

Associate Editors:Environmental Management Planning & Design James K. A. Koske (PhD), Kenyatta University (KU), Kenya,

Architecture, Urban Design & Conservation...Bernard Njuguna Muqwima (PhD), Jomo Kenyatta University ofAgriculture & Technology (JKUAT), Kenya,

Sociology & Planning....Sampson Mwangi Wokabi (PhD), Egerton (EU), Kenya,

Structural Aesthetics & Technology..Christopher Muthini Mbatha (Dr., Ing), University of Nairobi (UoN),Kenya,

Urbanisation, Housing design & Policy...Jeremiah Nyabuti Ayonga (PhD), Moi University, Kenya.

Honourary Editor:Sampson Ikewochukwu Umenne...MARCON, MAAK, MIAZ, MACZ, reg. arch., Consultant, Human SettlementDevelopment, Deputy Director and Head of the Department of Architecture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Private Box 13388,Windhoek, Republic of Namibia

ReviewEvery paper is separately reviewed by three referees, and their counsel communicated to the author (s) within 3 monthsof receipt of the papers. The authors (s) are expected to address all advised amendments and to tender the revisedpaper within 3 months from the date that the referees direction was sent out to them. Late submiss ion that fails tomeet this schedule will be regarded as utterly new submissions. Such papers will then be taken all over again, through thefull process of review. Author (s) whose papers qualify for publication will each be given a free copy of the particular

journal issue that contains their as-published papers. Complete copies of all issues of the journal will be made available tointerested readers, at a prescribed cost.

CopyrightAuthors should be careful to only submit to the Journal of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy [JIDEP] , original unpublished works,which are not under consideration for publication somewhere else. By submitting a manuscript, authors in effect sanctionthe transfer of copyright for their article to the publisher, once the article is accepted for publication. This copyrightcovers the unreserved right to reproduce and distribute the article, and also reprints, photographic reproductions,microfilm, or any other reproduction of a similar nature, and also of any other form, including translations. The journalendeavors to ensure technical exactness and dependability of ideas and opinions. Author(s) however are fully liable forcompliance with copyright laws and the rules as well as ethics of plagiarism, with regard to referencing, citations, quotesand reproductions. They carry full responsibility over the information contained in their respective papers.


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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Philip Ochieng Okello ([email protected]) & Tetsumi Horikoshi([email protected] ) Micro climate and thermal comfort in urban parks and their surrounding built up area Acase of Meijou Park, located at the center of Nagoya city, Japan

Leah Wamuyu Maringa ([email protected]) & Paul Mwangi Maringa([email protected]) Improving the performance of human resource systems in Kenyan e-hotels

Bernard Njuguna Mugwima ([email protected]) & Ephraim W. Wahome([email protected]) Perceptions in commons: A case of the historic old town Mombasa

Maina Maringa ([email protected]) & Peter J. Miano ([email protected]) A proposed state-of-art automation training centre of excellence for TVET that isdesigned to meet the needs of identified programmes

Leah Wamuyu Maringa ([email protected]) & Paul Mwangi Maringa([email protected]) Primary activity efficiency of the work process in ICT based hotels

Maina Maringa ([email protected]) & Paul Mwangi Maringa([email protected]) Setting up a model college of technology in Kigali city The Kicukiro College ofTechnology (KCoT)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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TABLE OF CONTENTSFORE MATTERObjectives of the Journal 1Scope of the Journal .01Manuscript dispatch advice2Paper review policy..02Copyright rules of the Journal 2List of Contributors to this issue 3Guide to author s..11

MAIN TEXTTable of Contents 04

Paper Listing1. Micro climate and thermal comfort in urban parks and their surrounding built uparea A case of Meijou Park, located at the center of Nagoya city, Japan , Philip OchiengOkello ([email protected]) & Tetsumi Horikoshi ([email protected] )...........................................................................................................................................05

2. Improving the performance of human resource systems in Kenyan E-hotels, LeahWamuyu Maringa ([email protected]) & Paul Mwangi Maringa ([email protected])..............................................................................................................................................17

3. Perceptions in commons: A case of old town Mombasa, Bernard Njuguna Mugwima([email protected]) & Ephraim W. Wahome ([email protected]).............................................................................................................................................44

4. A proposed state-of-art automation training centre of excellence for TVET that isdesigned to meet the needs of identified programmes, Maina Maringa ([email protected]) & Peter J. Miano ([email protected])...................................70

5. Primary activity efficiency of the work process in ICT based hotels, Leah WamuyuMaringa ([email protected]) & Paul Mwangi Maringa ([email protected])...................................................................................................................................................87

6. Setting up a model college of technology in Kigali city The Kicukiro College ofTechnology (KCoT), Maina Maringa ([email protected]) & Paul MwangiMaringa ([email protected])...................................................................................106

Guide to Authors 156
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Micro climate and thermal comfort in urban parks and their surrounding built uparea A case of Meijou Park, located at the center of Nagoya city, Japan ,

Abstract

Key words: Urban Heat Island (UHI), thermal comfort, cool islands, greenery ratio, SkyView Factor (SVF).

Several research studies have been carried out on the issue of mitigating urban heat islands andthermal comfort in cities. In one such study, Gill et all, (2007), suggested that if the green cover incities would be increased by 10%, there would be a considerable reduction in urban temperatures.However there still exists a knowledge gap as far as outdoor thermal comfort is concerned (Swaidet al, 1993; Nikolopoulou et al, 2001; Givoni et al, 2003). It is from this realisation that this paperseeks to establish facts about thermal comfort and microclimatic conditions around the Meijo Parkthat is located at the center of Nagoya city, Japan. The objective of this research was to clarifythe microclimate of Meijou Park and its surrounding built up area and further to use the dataobtained from the observations to analyze the conditions for thermal comfort that result from thehypothesized cooling effect of the park on its surrounding built up environment. Observations werecarried out on the 11 th & 22 nd of August, 2009 and finally on the 28 th of August, 2010. The studyconcluded that by creating of Cool Islands within the urban area, spaces of greenery when used

optimally in urban design would lead to mitigation of heat islands. Additionally with regard to theimpact of urban geometry on thermal comfort, it was established that areas with higher SVF wererelatively more comfortable than those with lower SVF. The study also verified conditions forthermal comfort.

Philip Ochieng Okello (M., Arch, B.Arch hons, corporate m.a.a.k, reg. Arch), Principalintricate Design, Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Jomo Kenyatta University of

Agriculture & Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box, 62000, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: +254735446755, +254 704588906. Email: [email protected]

&Tetsumi Horikoshi, (Bsc Eng., Msc Eng., Doctor of Engineering, MAIJ, MSHACSEJ,

MCPIJ, MSHES), Professor of Engineering, Department of Architecture and Design,Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso - Cho, Showa Nagoya, Aichi, Japan,

4668555, Nagoya Institute of Technology 11 406, TEL: +8152-735-5509, Email:
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Improving the performance of human resource systems in Kenyan E-hotels

Abstract

Key words: Performance, ICT, Human Resource Systems

Efficient delivery of services depends a lot on timely unimpeded information transfer betweenand within the various activity nodes in an e-hotel. This paper focuses attention on the

performance of the Human Resource Systems activity node of an e-hotel, as it is catalysed bythe Information Communication Technology (ICT) revolution that has so transformed globalhuman economic and social activities. This relationship with ICT is given premium especiallybecause potential customers today have become ICT literate, seeking information on hotelservices and communicating through the ICT medium. Hotels that fail to adopt this technologythen are hard pressed to survive. The inquiry adopts the cross-sectional sample survey designscientific methodology with a logical systematic and repeatable sequence of procedures, whichare ordered into a coherent descriptive research design. For representativeness, reliability andvalidity, it makes use of the proportional allocation procedure, blending simple random samplingwith cluster and stratified sampling to maximise homogeneity of sample units. The study

establishes a clear dependency of efficient delivery of service in the human resource systemson the application of ICT. This positive response to ICT interventions grows with rising hotelstar rating, but with a slump for the trends in the 3 rd and 4 th star rating of e-hotels, and this,tallies well with the eventual increases in levels of computerisation and computer literacy. Byand large there is no differentiation in responsiveness for personnel management, hotelinfrastructure, and general activity coordination, the three functions of human resourcemanagement. It is necessary then for e-hotels with low star rating to prioritise investmentsthat improve their physical facilities along with the quality of their personnel. They ought toemphasise more investment on computerisation, while building in an efficient ICT infrastructure.

Leah Wamuyu Maringa (Msc-HTM, Bsc-HRM, H/Dip-IM, O/Dip-IM), Senior Lecture andHead of Department, Rwanda University Tourism College (RUTC), P.O. BOX, 5150, Kigali,

Rwanda, Tel: (+250 0783271990, +254 716735052; Fax: (+250 575551), Email:[email protected]

&

Paul MwangiMaringa (PhD, M.A. Planning U & R, B.Arch hons, corporate m.a.a.k, m.k.i.p,reg. Arch), Associate Professor in Architecture & Planning, Senior Expert, Planning &

Project Management,Workforce Development Authority, (WDA), P.O Box, 2707, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel:

+250788829576, +254 727594421, Email: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Perceptions in commons: A case of old town Mombasa

Abstract

Keywords: Conservation, Old Town of Mombasa, Attitudes, Likability, Factor Analysis,Complexity

The dynamics of growth and development places enormous strain on land use activities in urbanhistoric areas. With this growth, new spatial patterns emerge that lead to both visual and

functional contradictions, which are manifested in an inappropriate scale within urban historicareas. The variety and complexity that is inherent in traditional cities is being replaced by insipidhigh-rise forms of accommodation. The Old Town of Mombasa, Kenya, is one such historic areathat is losing its historic built-up heritage and individuality at an alarming rate. Mombasa has beena leading trading town for centuries thereby creating an architectural legacy of historic buildingsand spaces. Its old town has ornately carved doors, covered balconies, narrow streets andalleyways that accord it a truly unique character. The study posits that the standards and

guidelines governing conservation ignore community participation, and this creates a socialdisconnect and in consequence, visual contradictions in the resulting urban-scape. This study seeksto establish the attitudes of residents towards their urban environment. It further endeavours toestablish the factors underlying their perception of the urban historic neighbourhood that theyinhabit. In order to effectively elicit the attitude of these residents towards built their urban

environment, a semantic differential scale was put to use in a field survey that involved a sample of693 residents. The principal component analysis that is based on correlation matrices was used toestablish the latent structure of a large set of variables that influence the perception of theseresidents regarding the urban conserved area that they occupied. The results suggested thatconservation in the old town should strive to achieve appropriate order, maintenance and upkeep aswell as scale while creating serial vision. Such conservation would also seek to engender open viewsand panoramas where possible, enhance orientation and continuity, and achieve the necessarycomplexity without creating an information overload or monotony. This flexible approach wouldthen form the basis for a framework of conservation that reflected local distinctiveness, and one

Bernard Njuguna Mugwima (B.Arch Hons, M.A Planning, PhD, m.a.a.k, m.k.i.p, reg., Arch),Architect/ Planner, Lecturer, Department of Landscape Architecture, Jomo KenyattaUniversity of Agriculture & Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel:

+254 722332866; E-mail: [email protected]

&

Ephraim W. Wahome (PhD), Senior Lecturer, Department of History and Archaeology,University of Nairobi (UoN), P.O. Box 32150, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: +254 ; Email:

[email protected], [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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A proposed state-of-art automation training centre of excellence for TVET that isdesigned to meet the needs of identified programmes

ABSTRACT

Key Words: Skills Training, Control Systems, Automation Engineering Laboratories,Automation Equipment, State-of-Art Laboratories.

Automation refers to the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the needfor human work in the production of goods and services (Alan Katz, 2009). Indeed, within theframework of industrialisation, automation is a step beyond mechanisation. Whereas mechanisation

provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well (IanBrady, 2012 ). Its wide and ever increasing application in the world today, and the attendant costsof automation systems, demand well trained skilled and competent personnel to designmanufacture and operate automation systems. This need can only be met by the establishment ofwell thought out automation laboratories to support the skilling of users in design manufacture andoperation of automation systems. It is such a laboratory that this paper articulates.

Maina Maringa, (Ph.D., CEng & MIMechE), Associate Professor of MechanicalEngineering, Acting Executive Dean, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment,The Technical University of Kenya (TUK), P.O. BOX, 52428 NAIROBI, 00200 Nairobi,

Kenya, Tel: +254 727 594 564, Email: [email protected]

&

Peter J. Miano (MSc,, MIET-(UK), Assistant Dean, School of Engineering Science andTechnology, Technical University of Kenya (TUK), P.O. BOX, 52428 NAIROBI, 00200,

Kenya, Tel: +254 720321405, Email: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Primary activity efficiency of the work process in ICT based hotels

Abstract

Key words: Efficiency, Information and Communication Technology, Work Process,Primary Activities

Increasingly, the world has become one common market to the extent that all business nowconfronts worldwide competition. To retain the competitive edge business adaptation to

groundbreaking trends especially of technology is a critical prerequisite. Hotels are no exception.

They are inundated by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution, whichdemands ICT compliance for all services. Inquiry into the nature of hotels and their ICTanchorage then is crucial. A vital concern is the way in which ICT supports better delivery ofservices at all seminal levels of operation of these hotels. The survey recognizes the naturalordering of hotels into spatial clusters of circuits, and in terms of star rating, roping in thoseranks that have ICT relevance. Thus the 2 to 5 star rated hotels. Deep probing structuredinterview schedule survey instruments are used in the field inquiry. A descriptive, cross sectionalsample survey research design is adopted to ensure detailed description of the observed

phenomenon and effective representative coverage of the field of inquiry. The work processemerges as being variously sensitive to ICT stimulus in its levels of efficiency. Recipe costing andstock control systems are the most responsive functions of this activity level. Rooming followsclosely. Conferencing and banqueting also displays some modest measure of response. At the

bottom are, electric points of sale, and automated mini-bars. This then is the hierarchy ofrecommended points of intervention when seeking to improve efficiency in the work process of e- hotels. In its reverse form, it represents the need level for adaptation of e-hotels, in order for

Leah Wamuyu Maringa (Msc-HTM, Bsc-HRM, H/Dip-IM, O/Dip-IM), Senior Lecture andHead of Department, Rwanda University Tourism College (RUTC), P.O. BOX, 5150, Kigali,

Rwanda, Tel: (+250 08302737/ 462609; Fax: (+250 575551), Email:[email protected]

&

Paul MwangiMaringa (PhD, M.A. Planning U & R, B.Arch hons, corporate m.a.a.k, m.k.i.p,reg. Arch), Associate Professor in Architecture & Planning, Senior Expert, Planning &

Project Management, Workforce Development Authority, (WDA), P.O Box, 2707, Kigali,
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Setting up a model college of technology in Kigali city The Kicukiro College ofTechnology (KCoT)

Abstract

Key words: Technical Education, Rwanda, Institutional Establishment, Skills Training

The paper considers the implementation phase of an intervention in the TVET system, in the senseof practical setting up of training institutions. It presents findings of a study undertaken in themonth of November 2007 for the Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) in Rwanda, to explore

possibilities of setting up a diploma level technical college. This new entity would complement andsupport the role of the only other diploma awarding technical college in the country, the TumbaCollege of Technology (TCoT). The paper presents in sequence, a background study of technicaleducation in the country, an assessment of the need for skilled manpower at different levels in thenation and proposals to address the identified shortfalls in the technical education system ofRwanda. Both short and long term proposals to address the shortage of technical teachers in thecountry are put forward in the paper, and details of setting up the proposed college at the then

a Maringa, (Ph.D,, CEng & MIMechE), Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering,ng Executive Dean, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, The Technicalersity of Kenya (TUK), P.O. BOX, 52428 NAIROBI, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: +254 727

564, Email: [email protected]

&ul MwangiMaringa (PhD, M.A. Planning U & R, B.Arch hons, corporate m.a.a.k, m.k.i.p, reg.rch), Associate Professor in Architecture & Planning, Senior Expert, Planning & Project

nagement, Workforce Development Authority, (WDA), P.O Box, 2707, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel:+250 788829576, +254 727594421, Email: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Guide to authorsSubmission of manuscriptsOne electronic copy each in MS Word and PDF of all manuscripts accompanied by all original figures and tables should besubmitted by email to the Editor-in-chief, Journal of Inquiry In Design Pedagogy [JIDEP] ;http://www.urbanalgorisms.net , E-mail: [email protected]; Telephone +254-727-594-421/+250-788-829-576.These will all be submitted in English, and be original unpublished works, which are not under consideration for publicationanywhere else. The manuscripts shall be subjected to blind review. Revision may therefore be necessary before a rulingis made to either accept or reject papers. The authors shall be obligated to send a pdf soft copy of the manuscript in itsfinal form to the Editor-in-chief, in concert with an ms word soft copy, once a paper has been accepted. Thesesubmissions will be in a standard word processing package.

Preparation of manuscripts

Manuscripts must be clearly typed, set into a one-and-a-half spacing, and fitted on a 210 x 297mm - A4 paper with aportrait orientation, and a 250mm margin all round. Use of a high-resolution laser printer is recommended. Every papermanuscript will adhere to the following topical structure and content:

Title pageThis serves as the cover page for the paper. It will contain in order: (a) a concise, informative title that plainly outlinesthe problem for inquiry, and its intrinsic concerns; (b) the full names, professional and academic credentials, andaffiliations of all authors; (c) the full mailing address, telephone, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of these authors.Subsequent pages must be kept free of any identifying mark (s) of the author (s).

AbstractThis is the first page of the paper. It will be introduced by not more than 5 keywords that identify the theme of inquiryfor the paper. The abstract needs to be an accurate, conventionally structured, and informative and be within 150-200words. It should address generic contentions, context, methods, findings, conclusions, implications, and recommendationsof the research that the paper presents.

TextThe text should all be fully justified. All paragraphs shall be separated by one blank line. Sections will be givenchronological numbers, and bold section titles. Sub titles shall be restricted to one level only. They will be numbered in asimilar manner and be bold too. Titles will be separated from preceding text by two bare lines, and from succeeding textwith one blank line. Conventional style and formatting will in all other situations be use. Papers should be formatted toconform to the following topical structure: 1.0: Introduction, 2.0: The Problem, 3.0: Aims & Objectives, 4.0: Methods, 5.0:Analysis, 6.0: Results, 7.0: Findings, 8.0: Conclusions, 9.0: Implications, 10.0: Recommendations, 11.0: Bibliography, 12.0:Appendices.

Introduction

The introduction will explicitly point out the purpose of the inquiry that is embodied in the paper. It will also sketch outwell the subject area well, and the accompanying propositions, objectives, and scope of the research. It will furtherbriefly review relatable past research. It will thereafter unequivocally single out the research gap of interest. Thisintroduction must steer clear of the appearance of a historical narrative or that of a literature review.

Frameworks, Models, and MethodologiesEffective communication that is founded on clear and accurate diagrams is essential here. A manifest command of theoperational meanings of these research concepts is vital. Other critical explanations may be displayed in the appendices.It is necessary for a valid and reliable course of inquiry, which implicitly confirms innovation, and one that makesisomorphism and therefore the repeatability of research certain, to come through. Value should be accorded tooriginality of thought and a derived modeling. Replication of previously published novelties may only be done for theirabsolutely crucial and strictly supportive elements.
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Results-findings and DiscussionResults and findings shall be delivered through data presentation and analysis that is anchored on explanatory discussions.Economical use of illustrative tables and figures that are not repetitious is encouraged. These illustrative tools must bedisposed to enable easy comprehension. Analysis and discussion must concise, being restricted to the results of theresearch, which the paper emerges from. Analysis should principally be focused on theoretical issues. Discussions in turnought to prioritise, both the theoretical and practical challenges that were outlined at the outset, for inquiry. Theyshould clearly reveal the resulting trends and interactions, in order to effectively guide subsequent inference making.

Conclusions, Recommendations and ImplicationsConclusions should be brief and to the point. They are expected to highlight new concepts, the advancement of newtheory, contribution to knowledge, and discovery, which the inquiry accomplishes. The research gap and practical problemsthat provoked research must be shown to have been convincingly resolved. Resulting Implications should preferably bebulleted or featured in point form. These implications should be sequenced along the lines of policy development,

desirable public contribution, and involvement by practitioners, technocrats and professionals, in a process of possibleimplementation.

AcknowledgmentsAuthors are encouraged to acknowledge their financial and academic benefactors in accordance with convention. Incarrying out this exercise they should maintain extreme brevity, and relevance to the inquiry that the paper reports on.

Notes and referencesAll explanatory notes and references shall be shown by appropriately inserting a superscript number in the text. Acomplete schedule of these notes and references must eventually be put on view at the end of the paper. Journalreferences that are relied upon in the paper, should include, all the names and initials of the authors, year of publication,title of paper; as well as all the entire journal titles, volume numbers, and the first and last page numbers. References tobooks should include the edition, all editor(s) and all authors, the publishers and also place of publication of these books.It is the responsibility of the authors to crosscheck the accuracy of their referencing. Contributing authors are advisedto adhere to the following style of referencing:

Internet Journal articlesRuita, Gashoki Gitonga, 2006, Seminal Attributes of the Quality of the Urban Environment, http//www.biocicity-envit.ppa.nrb/sustcitymgmt.htm

Journal articlesWairimu, M. Nyandeto, 2000, Suggestions on th e Generic Description of Social Sustainability in Cities , The Journal ofEnvironment , vol. 47, 2000: 49-58

BookJudge, Gimony, 2006, A Critical Appraisal of the Basic Factors of Environmental Sustainability in Cities, Grove Publishers,Nairobi, Kenya

Edited bookUmpire, L. Wamuyu, 1994, Seminal Attributes of the Quality of the Urban Environment, in P. M. Maringa (ed.), Urban insights ,ASAP Publishers, Nairobi, Kenya: 130-155

LengthAuthors should endeavor to contain their papers within 3,000 to 5,000 words that tally with 10 to 15 pages of 1.5 spacingin font 11 lettering, and in a 250mm all round margin. Seminal papers that feature momentous discovery of knowledge, orextreme novelty will be allowed a higher limit of 10,000 to 15,000 words, or to 20 to 30 pages.


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Key WordsAuthors are expected to provide not more than five indexing words that effectively sum up the content of the paper, to acasual scanner or browser.

Tables, illustrations and captionsThese must be kept to a minimum. Tables must be typed on separate sheets and saved as separate files. They should notbe included as part of the text. Artwork for illustrations should be provided in a clear scanned form. It should be in afinished format that is suitable for reproduction, as the publisher will normally not recreate the illustrations. Theseillustrations are to be sent electronically, preferably in the JPEG image format. The TIFF (tagged image file), or EPS(encapsulated postscript) formats are also acceptable options. Captions to the illustrations should be included in thisartwork submission. Tables and figures should be labeled using Arabic numerals that specify their intended location in thetext. The desired position of these tables and illustrations should be shown clearly in the paper. This is best achieved byactually featuring them in these intended positions, aside from providing them on a separate sheet and file. The author(s)must arrange for permission to the reproduce the illustrations and tables that are supplied for use in the articles.

Tables and figures should always be preceded by introductory text. Their respective titles should be placed above, whilelegends and acknowledgements of sources are located immediately below these tables and figures. Theseacknowledgements of sources should also be underlined. Titles of tables and figures should be bolded and be of font size10 lettering. Further, they should be single-spaced and with an underlining of the last line. Legends and acknowledgementsof sources of tables and figures likewise ought to be single-spaced but with an italicised font size 8 lettering. Thesetables and figures are to be numbered with sequenced numerals that correspond to the sections and subsections of thepaper, where they specifically are to be featured.

ConventionsAuthors are advised to confine themselves solely to the conventional SI units. All numbers of two or more digits, and alsothe single digits when attached to units of measure should be in Numeral form. Acronyms and abbreviations ought comeafter their full translation and be in parenthesis when first encountered in the text of the paper. It is only then thatthey can appear as unadorned acronyms that are capitalised, in accordance with prevailing convention.

Book reviews and notesBook reviews should be kept within 1,000 to1 500 words. They must reflect an objective evaluation of the text that theydiscuss, in regarding its contribution to the discovery of knowledge. Reviews should only be conducted in subject areasthat expressly conform to prescribed scope and focus of this journal. Voluntary book reviews will normally not beaccepted for publication. Notes that appreciably aim to draw attention to an important trend of thought that coursesthrough previous papers that are published in this journal, or to critic postulations of individual past papers should be of500-1,000 words.

All reviews and notes should be typed, be of one-and-a-half-spacing and fitted on an A4 portrait paper orientation, with a250mm all round margins. All attendant citations must fully respect accepted convention. Headings of reviews and notes

should spell clearly, the title, author, origin, publisher, date and number of pages of the text under review or criticalanalysis, as shown here below:

LIVING IN YESTERYEARSMBUI-IMWE, JOSEPH KABURUSHU, 2006

MARIDADI YA UTU PUBLISHERSpp., 150, Kshs., 2000, paper back

ISBN Number xxyyzzz

No payment will be made against reviews and notes. Contributors can however cite their publication, and thereby gain therequisite credit.

ProofsThese will only be released to author(s), when time allows. They must be attended to appropriately and returned in 7 days.At this point in time no major alterations will be accommodated.

Documents

Journal of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy (JIDEP) Journal Release Vol. 1.1 June 2013-Abstracts Illustrated