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CONTENTS
Timothy F. Field 55 Editorial: The Roles and Functions of a Roger O. Weed Life Care Planner
Jamie Pomeranz 57 Role and Function Study of Nami Yu Life Care PlannersChristine Reid
Mary Barros-Bailey 119 Ethics Interface
Karen Preston 123 Book Review
Debbie Berens 125 Announcements
Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.
Volume 9, Number 3, 2010
Journal ofLife Care Planning
Special IssueRole and Function Study of Life Care Planners
Guidelines for Authors
Purpose and Objectives
The Journal of Life Care Planning publishes refereed education and research materials relevant to thepractice and processes of life care planning. The specific objectives of the Journal are as follows:
1. Publish materials which will add to the growing literature base of the practice of life care planning.
2. Provide the professional field with information regarding events and developments important to the practice of life care planning.
3. Provide a forum for the debate and discussion of practice issues.
4. Promote professional practice by addressing issues relevant to certification, ethics, standards of practice and research methodologies.
5. Promote advanced practice through the publication of preapproved continuing education feature articles.
Manuscript Preparation
Submission of articles and manuscripts consistent with the objectives of the Journal are welcome. In thepreparation of any submission to the Journal, please carefully consider the following:
1. The manuscript should be prepared in APA style. Refer to the Publication Manual of the AmericanPsychological Association, Fifth Edition (A copy may be obtained from APA, 750 First Street, NE,Washington, DC 20002-4242).
2. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate along with disk (Preferred format: DOS compatible inMSWord) to the Journal Editor.
3. Avoid footnotes if at all possible and use tables and charts sparingly.
4. Place identifying information (Name(s) of authors(s), addresses, employment, etc.) only on a cover pagein order to facilitate the blind review process.
5. It is expected that most manuscripts will need some revision or enhancement following the Journal’s review process. The final draft of a revised manuscript should be resubmitted to the Editor on disk with one hard copy.
6. Submit only original work, and never work that has been previously published or copyrighted. Please donot submit manuscripts that are under consideration at another source. Quoting from other sources is permissible, but only if carefully documented and referenced. Plagiarism in any form is considered unethical.
7. Use proper language with regard to a person’s sex and/or disabling condition.
8. All manuscripts, if published, (hard copy and disks) become property of the Journal. Manuscripts that are not published will be returned to the author(s). However, the author(s), not the Journal, are responsible for the views and conclusions of a published manuscript.
9. The Editor, and the Editorial Board, have broad latitude in deciding the disposition of an article or manuscript. Issues of relevancy, quality of writing, and adherence to the guidelines for preparation are critical. Manuscripts may be returned without comment to the author, especially if no peer review is involved.
10. Submit articles and manuscripts to Debra E. Berens, 1156 Masters Lane, Snellville, Georgia 30078, (770) 978-9212.
Publisher and EditorTimothy F. Field, Ph.D.
Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., Athens, GA
Editorial Board
SubscriptionsSubscription Rates: Published quarterly (March, June, and September & December). Individual subscriptionis US $85.00; institutional rate is US $100.00. Rates subject to change without notice. Notify IARP immedi-ately of any change of address.
Advertising: Submit ad copy in camera-ready form, of any size, to E & F, Inc. four weeks prior to a publicationdate. Rate is $150 for a full page ad; $85 for a half-page. With no exception, prepayment is required (Check, MCor VISA acceptable). Ad copy must be consistent with the stated objectives of the Journal, and may be refusedat the discretion of the publisher. The Journal, E & F, Inc., or the staff, as a matter of policy, does not endorse inany way products or services that are advertised. All ad copy becomes the property of the Journal.
Policy on Reprints: Any subscriber or reader of the Journal of Life Care Planning, without written permis-sion, may freely reprint or duplicate articles, summaries, reviews, or any other copy published in the Journalwhen used for educational and training purposes. It is respectfully requested, however, that proper acknowl-edgement and APA-style citation accompany any portion(s) reprinted, including the name and address of thepublisher: Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., P.O. Box 1945, Athens, GA 30603.
Publisher: T. Field, Ph.D., Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., 1135 Cedar Shoals Drive, Athens, GA 30605
Copyright: © 2010 Int’l Assoc. of Rehab Professionals
Doreen Casuto, M.R.A.R.N., C.R.R.N., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.Rehabilitation Care CoordinationSan Diego, CA
Paul M. Deutsch, Ph.D.C.R.C., L.M.H.C., C.L.C.P.Paul M. Deutsch & AssociatesOviedo, FL
Tyron Elliott, Esq.Attorney at LawManchester, GA
Carolyn Wiles Higdon, Ph.D.F-ASHA, CCC-SPDr. Carolyn W. Watkins, P.C.The University of MississippiOxford, MS
Rodney Isom, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.D.M.S.Rehabilitation ConsultantDenton, TX
Ann Neulicht, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.L.C.P., C.V.E., C.D.M.S.,L.P.C., D-A.V.B.E..Rehabilitation Consultant/Life Care PlannerRaleigh, NC
Karen Preston, P.H.N.C.R.R.N., M.S., F.I.A.L.C.P.RNS HealthCare Consultants, Inc.Sacramento, CA
Sharon Reavis, M.S.R.N., C.R.C., C.C.M.Health Information ResourcesGlen Allen, VA
Paula Sundance, M.D.Abilitation StrategiesSebastapol, CA
Randall Thomas, Ph.D.C.R.C., N.C.C.Natl. Center for Life Care PlanningMadison, MS
Terry Winkler, M.D.C.L.C.P.Ozark Area Rehabilitation ServicesSpringfield, MO
Andrea Zotovas, M.D., DABPMR Physical Medicine and RehabilitationJuno Beach, FL
Managing EditorDebra E. Berens, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.
Rehabilitation Consultant/Life CarePlanner, Snellville, GA
Associate EditorRoger O. Weed, Ph.D.L.P.C., C.R.C., C.D.M.S./R., C.C.M., F.I.A.L.C.P.
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
Editorial: The Roles and Functions of a Life Care Planner
With this issue, the long-awaited and much-anticipated study on the roles and functions ofthe life care planner is complete and presented herein along with two relevant appendices.
This study is the most comprehensive life care planning role and function research projectever completed. Noteworthy is that the methodology was independent of any certificationorganizations and incorporated experienced life care planning professionals in the constructvalidity foundation. Additionally. a wide array of disciplines representing many differentcertifications and organizations were instrumental in completion of the project. Dr. Pomeranzof the University of Florida was the lead researcher and he was joined by his graduate assistant,Nami Yu, and research expert, Professor Chris Reid from Virginia Commonwealth University.This is another study that was supported, in part, by the Foundation for Life Care PlanningResearch.
Following some of the earlier work on roles and functions (of rehabilitation counselors),such as Muthard and Salamone (1969), and Rubin, et al. (1984), along with more recentstudies such as Leahy, et al. (2003), and Turner, et al. (2000), the authors (Pomeranz, Yu, andReid) developed a 122 item instrument on various roles and functions of life care planners. Themultiphase project incorporated a team of researchers, a panel of experts, and participantsattending two national conferences on life care planning to develop and/or confirm therelevancy of the items at various stages. After exhaustive foundation, the final revised surveywas made available for a two month period on-line through list serves to professionals in lifecare planning; 155 professionals completed the survey.
Some interesting demographic highlights include the following:
Mean years of experience: 8.43Number of LCPs completed: 41.5% reported 100 or more Gender of sample: The sample consisted of 83% femalesAge of sample: 79.2% were between the ages of 46-55Education: 48.9% possessed a Master’s DegreesPrimary Field of Practice: Nursing: 49.7%Areas of Practice: 39.9% in case management, 57% in nursing, and
34% in rehabilitation counseling (some practiced in more than one area).
Certifications/Licensure: CCM (49.7%), CLCP (75.2%), and RN (43.9%)many held more than one credential
Active Professional AALNC (24.7%), CMSA (30%), IALCP (60.7%), Memberships: and IARP (69.3%) which indicates that many if not
most life care planners belong to more than oneorganization.
Typical Client Populations: TBI (95.5%), Amputations (76.8%), and Birth Injuries (60%)
Journal of Life Care Planning, Vol. 9, No. 3, (55-56)Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved ©2010 Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.
56
The remainder of the article consists of the ranked ordered roles or functions as presentedin Table 2 which provides for some interesting reading. This study, spanning more than twoyears, is an important contribution to the life care planning literature and will serve as a basisfor further and much needed research in this area. These data are also important for life careplanning related scope of practice, certification exams, and continuing education programs.Our congratulations to the authors for their focus and dedication to enhancing the practice oflife care planning.
Timothy F. Field, Ph.D.Roger O. Weed, Ph.D.
Role and Function Study of Life Care PlannersJamie L. Pomeranz, Ph.D., CRC, CLCP
Nami S. Yu, MHS, CRCChristine Reid, Ph.D., CRC
AbstractThis article summarizes the results of a two-year role and function study. The purpose of
this study was to identify the role and function employed by professional life care planners.Role and function studies help to define a profession and provide an empirical basis forestablishment of educational standards and certification requirements. The study encompassedfour phases that included qualitative and quantitative methodologies. A qualitative analysis ofthe life care planning, case management, and rehabilitation counseling literature revealed 532potential roles and functions performed by life care planners. Following a content analysis andexpert review by participants attending the 2008 Life Care Planning Summit, a 122-item roleand function instrument was developed and administered to professional life care planners(n=160). Participants who completed the instrument indicated that all 122 roles and functionswere at least "important" to the field of life care planning. Additionally, a majority of the itemswere "occasionally" to "often" performed by life care planners. Finally, to confirm the 22themes or constructs that emerged from the study, participants at the 2009 InternationalSymposium on Life Care Planning (n=93) were asked to place the specific roles and functionsinto corresponding themes to validate those constructs. Results of this study have importantimplications for updating life care planning training curricula and certifications requirements,as well as for practicing life care planners and other stakeholders.
Introduction Role and function studies are evidence-based studies of the knowledge, skills, and
activities performed by individuals engaging in their profession or a specialty area within theirprofession. The practice of life care planning is a relatively new specialty in rehabilitation,with initial descriptions of the practice published fewer than 30 years ago (Deutsch & Raffa,1981, 1982). Since that time, a growing body of literature has addressed a wide variety oftopics relevant to life care planning; training programs to prepare professionals to become lifecare planners have been established; and organizations focusing on life care planning practicehave developed (Reid, Deutsch, & Kitchen, 2005; Weed & Berens, 2010). Over the pastdecade, biennial Life Care Planning Summits have been held to establish a consensusdefinition of the practice of life care planning (Berens, Johnson, Pomeranz, & Preston, 2010;Weed & Berens, 2001) and agreed-upon standards of practice (International Academy of LifeCare Planners, 2006; Reavis, 2002). Doctoral students have completed dissertations related tolife care planning practice; examples of publications resulting from these dissertations includeTurner, R.N., Taylor, D.W., Rubin, S.E., and May, V.R., III. (2000), and Pomeranz, J.L., Shaw,L.R., Sawyer, H.W., and Velozo, C.A. (2006). Other researchers have addressed a variety oftopics relevant to life care planning, primarily through retrospective analyses or surveys. Someof this research has been supported by the Foundation for Life Care Planning Research(FLCPR, http://flcpr.org/). However, until recently, there had been no extensive study of the
Journal of Life Care Planning, Vol. 9, No. 3, (57-106)Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved ©2010 Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.
58 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
role and function of life care planners, and none conducted independent of a certificationorganization.
Role and function studies help to define a profession, and to provide an empirical basisfor establishment of educational standards and certification requirements (Leahy, Chan, &Saunders, 2003). Life care planners are frequently asked to explain the role and function of alife care planner; having a contemporary empirical basis for answering that question would bevaluable. For some people seeking information about life care planning, having access to astudy describing the essential functions would be informative and potentially useful indeciding whether or not to retain the services of a life care planner. For attorneys and judges,reference to a methodologically sound peer-reviewed published role and function study couldhelp to establish parameters for the expertise associated with life care planning practice.
The results of role and function studies have great value in establishing and revisingstandards for educational programs and certification processes. For example, after the initialrole and function study for the profession of Rehabilitation Counseling was published(Muthard & Salamone, 1969), the knowledge areas identified in that study served as the basisfor the examination content “blueprint” for the first Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Exam(CRCE) administered in 1974. Since that time, periodic updated role and function studies haveserved to update that examination content blueprint to ensure that the certification examinationis empirically based on knowledge currently needed by members of that profession. Forexample, the two most recent role and function studies for certified rehabilitation counselors(Leahy, Chan, & Saunders, 2003; Leahy, Muenzen, Saunders, & Strauser, 2009) identifiedknowledge of life care planning as essential for rehabilitation counseling practice; however,that knowledge area was not identified in the initial 1969 study. Similarly, the accrediting bodyfor rehabilitation counseling education programs, the Council on Rehabilitation Education(CORE, HYPERLINK "http://www.core-rehab.org"http://www.core-rehab.org) used the firstpublished role and function study in the early 1970s to inform development of educationalstandards for the accreditation of rehabilitation counseling graduate programs. The processused by CORE to periodically revise accreditation standards includes consideration of updatedrole and function study results, as well as other evidence of what is necessary to evaluate thequality of educational programs.
Although educational programs have already been developed to help prepare life careplanners, the results of a role and function study focused on life care planning should prompteducators to ensure that they teach all of the elements that are necessary for life care planningpractice, as identified through empirical study. Similarly, any certification examinations forlife care planning credentials should be developed and revised to appropriately sample theactual knowledge domains determined to be essential for life care planning practice.Designing or revising examination content blueprints to reflect a current role and functionresearch result is an appropriate way to establish the content validity of such an examination.
This article describes the process used to conduct a comprehensive life care planning roleand function study. The multi-method processes used to conduct the study itself, and resultsof that study, will be presented.
MethodsPhase 1: Identification of Roles and Functions
This study encompassed four phases spanning over a two-year period. For phase 1, theteam of researchers identified literature on previous role and function studies performed forcase managers, rehabilitation counselors and life care planners (e.g. Muthard et al., 1969;
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 59
Rubin, et al., 1984; Turner et al., 2000). Potential roles and functions were identified andsynthesized using a qualitative approach. A qualitative data analysis using NVivo® QualitativeSoftware Version 7 (2006) was used to group all roles and functions into themes. NVivo® isdesigned for researchers who are interested in combining subtle coding with qualitativelinking, shaping and modeling. NVivo® provides the researcher with a means for handlingqualitative data records and information about them, for browsing and enriching text, codingit visually or at categories, and annotating and gaining access to data records accurately andswiftly (QSR International, 2006). To group the items into themes, a team of researchersbrowsed and coded the data based on specific constructs and items to be considered for thedevelopment of a life care planning role and function survey.
Following the initial analysis, items were reviewed by an expert panel to determine whichitems should be retained for the life care planning role and function survey. The purpose of thispanel was to ensure content validity of the items to be used in the survey stage. The panelconsisted of five experienced life care planning experts representing multiple disciplines (i.e.,rehabilitation counseling, nursing, neuropsychology, and research methodology). Two panelmembers were past recipients of the LCP lifetime achievement award and had over 20 yearsexperience each in life care planning, and one panel member currently serves as the researchdirector for the Foundation of Life Care Planning Research. Each member of the expert panelwas asked to review the items and themes and determine which ones should be retained for thelife care planning role and function survey instrument. They were asked specifically if, in theiropinion, the items presented were relevant to life care planning. The expert panelists also wereasked to recommend if any items should be combined or organized differently, as well as toremark on the appropriateness of the themes. A telephone conference followed to discuss thecomments reported by the expert panelists. The research team, made up the principalinvestigator, two co-investigators, and a research assistant, then organized therecommendations into a role and function survey instrument. The instrument includeddemographic questions as well as items in which life care planners were asked to rate theimportance of performing each item and the frequency in which those roles and functions areperformed in practice. Some demographic questions were adapted from the 2001 Life CarePlanning Survey conducted by Neulicht, Riddick-Grisham, Hinton, Costantini, Thomas, andGoodrich (2002). For purposes of the role and function survey, the following rating scale wasused:
Importance: Frequency:1 – Not Important 1 – Never (0%)2 – Somewhat Important 2 – Occasional (1-33%)3 – Important 3 – Often (34-(66%)4 – Very Important 4 – Very Often (67-99%)5 – Essential 5 – Always (100%)
Phase II: Initial AdministrationThe role and function survey was presented for review to all life care planners who
attended the 2008 Life Care Planning Summit (n=40). Participants were asked to includecomments regarding the appropriateness and breadth of coverage of the instrument, or anyother issues that the research team should consider when making revisions to the survey.Feedback from the Summit participants was used to develop a revised version of the role andfunction survey instrument.
60 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Phase III: Life Care Planning Role and Function Online SurveyThe updated role and function instrument was then distributed online with an invitation
for all life care planners to participate. Requests for participation were placed on three life careplanning listservs (The Care Planner Network, International Commission on HealthcareCertification list serv for Certified Life Care Planners/CLCPs, and Forensic Section of theInternational Association of Rehabilitation Professionals). Participants were asked to providedemographic information, and for each item, indicate an importance rating and frequency withwhich that role or function is performed in practice. A copy of this instrument is provided inAppendix A. The authors used the online survey company, SurveyMonkey, (HYPERLINK"http://www.surveymonkey.com"www.surveymonkey.com) to develop, administer, collect,and analyze the survey results. This software allowed the researchers to obtain accurateinformation on a secure server. Participants received one continuing education credit offeredby ICHCC toward CLCP renewal. The survey was available to life care planners for twomonths.
Phase IV Theme Placement: Construct ValidityIn order to assess construct validity, 99 participants at the 2009 International Symposium
on Life Care Planning (ISLCP) were asked to sort into themes those items that were endorsedas "important." Among the 21 identified themes, participants were asked to designate a firstchoice (the most applicable theme) and second choice (the second most applicable theme) foreach item. A total of ninety-three life care planners participated in the final phase of the study.The research team collaborated and developed a decision rule for assessing whether categoryselection accuracy rates were evidence of construct validity. The researchers determined thatall items were considered accurately placed into theme categories if the items were associatedwith their respective categories by a factor of at least three times the rate one would expectfrom random categorization by chance alone.
ResultsPhase 1: Identification of Roles and Functions
As previously described, the researchers identified previous role and function studiesperformed for case managers, rehabilitation counselors, and life care planners, as well as otherliterature relevant to life care planning. Qualitative analysis produced a total of 532 itemsgrouped into 22 themes. To establish content validity, the expert panel reviewed the 532 itemsand determined which items should be retained for the life care planning role and functionsurvey instrument. The expert panel reduced the number of items to 235 and reorganized andrenamed them into 21 themes.
Phase II: Initial AdministrationAn initial administration of the instrument incorporated the 235 items. The instrument
was administered to participants at the 2008 Life Care Planning Summit (N = 40). Participantswere asked to complete the survey and include comments regarding the appropriateness andbreadth of coverage of the instrument or any other issues that the research team shouldconsider when making revisions to the survey. Feedback from all Summit participants wasreviewed and synthesized resulting in a 122-item survey instrument.
Phase III: Life Care Planning Role and Function Online SurveyThe life care planning role and function online survey was administered to life care
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 61
planners using SurveyMonkey (See Appendix A). Two hundred seventeen participants beganthe survey and 155 completed the full survey (71.42 % response rate). Table 1 represents thedemographic characteristics of the sample. As Table 1 indicates, the sample represents aheterogeneous group of individuals from different professions, with a majority coming fromnursing, case management and rehabilitation counseling professions (49.7%, 45.2% and37.6% respectively), and some of whom were certified and/or licensed in more than onediscipline. A majority of the participants fell within the 46-65 years age range (79.2%), and41.5% of the respondents had completed over 100 life care plans. Females were more highlyrepresented than males in this sample, which is consistent with previous studies of life careplanners (Neulicht, et al., 2002, Pomeranz, et al., 2006; Pomeranz, Yu, Wemmer, & Watson,2007). Additionally, 74.9% of the participants were CLCP.
Table 1. Demographic VariablesVariable Std. Dev.Mean Experience (in years) 11.19 8.43 Range (in years) (0-39)
Variable PercentageNumber of LCP Completed0-20 25.2%21-40 13.8%41-60 8.8%61-80 6.9%81-100 3.8%Over 100 41.5%
GenderMale 17.0%Female 83.0%
Age (in years)18-25 0.0%26-35 4.4%36-45 11.3%46-55 43.4%56-65 35.8%Over 65 5.0%
Highest Level of EducationBachelor’s Degree 36.8%Master’s Degree 48.9%PhD/EdD 12.8%JD/LLB/LLM 0.0%MD 0.8%Technical 0.8%Other: Associate’s Degree, Nursing Degree 24.8%
62 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Primary Clinical Field(s) of PracticeAudiology 0.0%Case Management 45.2%Counseling 5.1%Marriage and Family Therapy 0.6%Medicine 1.3%Nursing 49.7%Occupational Therapy 2.5%Physical Therapy 1.9%Psychology/Neuropsychology 1.3%Rehabilitation Counseling 37.6%Social Work 1.3%Speech-Language Pathology 0.0%Other: Life Care Planning, Legal Consulting 12.1%
Currently Licensed/Registered and/or Certified in the Following Fields of PracticeAudiology 0.0%Case Management 39.9%Counseling 16.3%Marriage and Family Therapy 1.3%Medicine 0.7%Nursing 57.5%Occupational Therapy 2.6%Physical Therapy 2.0%Psychology/Neuropsychology 0.7%Rehabilitation Counseling 34.0%Social Work 1.3%Speech-Language Pathology 0.0%Other: Life Care Planning, Disability 23.5%
Management Specialist
Licensed/Registered and/or Certified as a:ABPP 0.0%ABVE 8.3%ACSW 0.6%CCM 49.7%CDMS 22.3%CLCP 75.2%CLNC 5.1%CNA 0.6%CNLCP 11.5%CRC 32.5%CRRN 12.7%CVE 3.8%FIALCP 3.8%LMHC 3.2%LNCC 5.1%
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 63
LPC 9.6%LPN 0.0%NCC 1.3%OT 2.5%PT 1.9%RN 43.9%SLP-CCC 0.0%Other: ABDA, CEA, CEN, PHN, MSCC 28.7%
Active Membership to the Following OrganizationsAALNC 24.7%AANLCP 18.7%ABVE 10.7%ACA/ARCA 4.0%ACRM 1.3%ANA 10.0%AOTA 2.7%APTA 2.0%AREA 3.3%ARN 12.7%ASHA 0.0%BIA 12.7%CMSA 30.0%IALCP 60.7%IARP 69.3%NAFE 2.7%NASPPR 2.7%NRA/RCEA 10.0%ARCA 8.7%RESNA 1.3%Other: AASCIN, ABA, ACCM, APA, NAMSAP, 29.3%
NANDA, NCRE, VRAC, WCRCMA
Current Primary Practice SettingAttorney’s Office 1.3%Corporation with Sub-Contractors 3.4%Hospital/Rehabilitation Setting 3.4%Insurance Company 4.0%Owner/Independent Practice (With Employees) 32.2%Private Rehabilitation Company as an Employee 14.8%Sole Proprietor (No Employees) 48.3%Other: Educational Setting, S Corporation 10.1%
Life Care Planning Activities Constitute Approximately ___ of My Work ActivitiesNone 1.9%1-25% 35.8%26-50% 13.8%
64 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
51-75% 28.3%76-100% 20.1%
Provide Life Care Planning Services on a ___ LevelLocal (e.g., statewide) 32.7%Regional (e.g., 3-5 state radius) 47.4%National 38.5%International 10.3%
Typical Age Range of ClientsAll, or mostly all adults (18 years and older) 55.2%All, or mostly all children (under the age of 18) 0.6%Typically evenly split between adults and children 44.2%Other 3.2%
Population You Typically Work WithAcquired Brain Injury/Traumatic Brain Injury 95.5%Amputations 76.8%Birth Injuries/Anoxia 60.0%Burns 47.7%Chronic Diseases (e.g., MS, Diabetes, Chronic Pain, Cancer) 53.5%Developmental Disabilities (e.g., MRI) 38.7%Non-Catastrophic Injuries 35.5%Organ Transplants 28.4%Orthopedic Conditions 80.0%Psychological/Psychiatric Conditions 34.8%Spinal Cord Injuries 89.0%Other 6.5%
How Often Are You Asked To Analyze/Critique Other Life Care Plans?I am never asked to analyze/critique other life care plans 13.2%1-10 times per year 60.4%11-20 times per year 13.8%21-40 times per year 7.5%40+ times per year 5.0%
Percentage of Caseload Comprised of Analyzing the Plans of Other0-25% 84.9%26-50% 11.9%51-75% 3.1%76-100% 0.0%
Have Office Staff/Subcontractees Who Assist with Completion of the Life Care Plan
Yes 54.1%
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 65
If So, Which Activities Do The Office Staff/Subcontractees Perform?Verbal Correspondence 40.5%Written Correspondence 47.6%Medical Review 56.0%Research for Supporting Recommendations 53.6%Costing Research 83.3%Report Development 31.0%Other 14.3%
No 45.9%
Table 2 illustrates the participants’ responses to the “importance” of each life careplanning role or function, as well as the “frequency” with which the life care planner performssuch roles or functions. The results are ordered on “importance” based on item means. Lifecare planners responded using the following importance and frequency scales:
Importance: Frequency:1 – Not Important 1 – Never (0%)2 – Somewhat Important 2 – Rarely (1-25%)3 – Important 3 – Occasionally (26-50%)4 – Very Important 4 – Often (51-75%)5 – Essential 5 – Frequently (76-100%)
Table 2 includes “importance” and “frequency” results of responses, with correspondingmeans, and standard deviations (s.d.). All the items were endorsed with a mean of at least “3-Important.” This suggests that all 122 items in the survey were considered important roles andfunctions of a life care planner. Additionally, there appeared to be low rates of variability inresponses, as evidenced by small standard deviations. The standard deviations associated with“importance” for the entire survey ranged from .08 (Item 100) to 1.42 (Item 42). A majorityof the items were “occasionally” to “often” performed by life care planners. The lowest meanfrequency value reported by life care planners was 2.70 (s.d. 1.4), “performing programevaluations and research functions to document improvements in client outcomes followingLCP development.” This suggests that life care planners on average are occasionally to oftenperforming this role and function in practice. In terms of the "importance" of performing thisrole and function, life care planners indicated a mean of 3.62, translating to "important" to"very important." This suggests that although life care planners may not perform a role andfunction frequently, they do believe that the role or function is important.
66 Pomeranz, Yu and ReidTable 2. Importance and Frequency
Impo
rtanc
e Sc
ale
Freq
uenc
y Sc
ale
Item
s R
espo
nses
M
ean
SD
Res
pons
es
Mea
n SD
10
0. A
void
dua
l/bia
sed
rela
tions
hips
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 0
4 –
1 5
– 15
2
4.99
.0
8 1
– 1
2 –
0 3
– 1
4 –
1 5
– 14
7
4.95
.3
7
86. U
se re
liabl
e, d
epen
dabl
e, a
nd c
onsi
sten
t met
hodo
logi
es fo
r dra
win
g lif
e ca
re p
lann
ing
conc
lusi
ons.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
0 4
– 4
5 –
151
4.97
.1
6 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 1
4 –
5 5
– 15
0
4.96
.2
4
98. A
bide
by
life
care
pla
nnin
g-re
late
d et
hica
l and
lega
l con
side
ratio
ns o
f cas
e co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d re
cord
ing.
1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 1
4 –
3 5
– 15
0
4.97
.2
1 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 2
4 –
2 5
– 15
1
4.96
.2
5
97. C
onsi
der t
he w
orth
and
dig
nity
of i
ndiv
idua
ls w
ith c
atas
troph
ic
disa
bilit
ies.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
1 4
– 3
5 –
149
4.97
.2
1 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 1
4 –
3 5
– 15
0
4.97
.2
1
84. R
emai
n ob
ject
ive
in y
our a
sses
smen
ts.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
0 4
– 6
5 –
149
4.96
.1
9 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 1
4 –
4 5
– 15
1
4.96
.2
2
87. H
ave
an a
dequ
ate
amou
nt o
f med
ical
and
oth
er d
ata
to fo
rm
reco
mm
enda
tion.
1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 0
4.95
.2
1 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 1
4.93
.2
8
4 –
7 5
– 14
8
4 –
9 5
– 14
6
48. R
evie
w m
edic
al re
cord
s fro
m p
hysi
cian
s, nu
rses
, PTs
, OTs
, and
spee
ch
ther
apis
ts to
ass
ess t
he c
lient
’s m
edic
al st
atus
. 1
– 0
2
– 0
3 –
0 4
– 8
5 –
145
4.95
.2
2 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 2
4 –
11
5 –
141
4.88
.4
6
54. A
pply
inte
rper
sona
l com
mun
icat
ion
skill
s (ve
rbal
and
writ
ten)
whe
n w
orki
ng w
ith a
ll pa
rties
invo
lved
in a
cas
e.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
2 4
– 11
5
– 14
2
4.90
.3
4 1
– 1
2 –
0 3
– 2
4 –
12
5 –
141
4.87
.4
6
9. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r med
icat
ions
and
supp
lies.
1 –
0
2 –
1 3
– 1
4 –
10
5 –
142
4.90
.3
8 1
– 1
2
– 1
3 –
10
4 –
13
5 –
131
4.74
.6
6
83. R
efra
in fr
om in
appr
opria
te, d
isto
rted
or u
ntru
e co
mm
ents
abo
ut c
olle
ague
s an
d/or
life
car
e pl
anni
ng tr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
2 4
– 12
5
– 14
0
4.90
.3
5 1
– 1
2
– 1
3 –
2 4
– 9
5 –
141
4.87
.5
1
11. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r fut
ure
rout
ine
med
ical
car
e.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
1 4
– 15
5
– 13
7
4.89
.3
4 1
– 1
2 –
1 3
– 6
4 –
16
5 –
129
4.77
.6
1
85. D
iscl
ose
to th
e cl
ient
and
refe
rral
sour
ces w
hat r
ole
you
are
assu
min
g an
d w
hen
or if
role
s shi
ft.
1 –
0 2
– 1
3 –
2 4
– 10
4.89
.4
1 1
– 1
2
– 2
3 –
4 4
– 4
4.86
.5
8
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 67
5 –
140
5
–142
39. P
rovi
de fa
ir an
d re
pres
enta
tive
cost
s rel
evan
t to
the
geog
raph
ic a
rea
or
regi
on.
1 –
0 2
– 1
3 –
3 4
– 9
5 –
141
4.88
.4
3 1
– 1
2 –
2 3
– 4
4 –
8 5
– 14
0
4.83
.5
9
28. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or fu
ture
rout
ine
med
ical
car
e.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
1 4
– 16
5
– 13
6
4.88
.3
4 1
– 1
2 –
1 3
– 3
4 –
12
5 –
137
4.84
.5
4
2. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r pro
ject
ed th
erap
eutic
mod
aliti
es.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
1 4
– 17
5
– 13
8
4.88
.3
5 1
– 1
2 –
1 3
– 4
4 –
17
5 –
133
4.79
.5
8
47. A
pply
kno
wle
dge
of h
ealth
car
e/m
edic
al/re
habi
litat
ion
term
inol
ogy.
1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 1
4 –
17
5 –
136
4.88
.3
5 1
– 0
2 –
1 3
– 1
4 –
15
5 –
138
4.87
.4
1
10. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r hom
e/at
tend
ant/f
acili
ty c
are.
1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 2
4 –
15
5 –
137
4.88
.3
7 1
– 1
2
– 2
3 –
7 4
– 21
5
– 12
5
4.71
.6
7
4. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r whe
elch
air/m
obili
ty n
eeds
. 1
– 0
2 –
1 3
– 1
4 –
15
5 –
138
4.87
.4
1 1
– 1
2 –
2 3
– 10
4
– 29
5
– 11
3
4.62
.7
2
68 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
22. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or w
heel
chai
r/mob
ility
nee
ds.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
3 4
– 15
5
– 13
6
4.86
.4
0 1
– 1
2 –
3 3
– 6
4 –
16
5 –
129
4.74
.6
8
61. A
s app
ropr
iate
, rel
y up
on q
ualif
ied
med
ical
and
alli
ed h
ealth
pro
fess
iona
l op
inio
ns w
hen
deve
lopi
ng th
e lif
e ca
re p
lan.
1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 3
4 –
15
5 –
136
4.86
.4
0 1
– 1
2 –
0 3
– 1
4 –
22
5 –
131
4.82
.4
9
26. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or m
edic
atio
n/su
pply
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 3
4 –
15
5 –
135
4.86
.4
0 1
– 1
2
– 1
3 –
5 4
– 14
5
– 13
3
4.80
.5
9
68. I
f allo
wed
, con
duct
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
inte
rvie
w w
ith th
e cl
ient
, his
/her
fa
mily
and
/or s
igni
fican
t oth
er(s
), if
poss
ible
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 5
4 –
12
5 –
137
4.86
.4
3 1
– 2
2
– 1
3 –
4 4
– 19
5
– 12
9
4.75
.6
6
6. A
sses
s ind
epen
dent
livi
ng a
nd a
dapt
ive
equi
pmen
t nee
ds.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
1 4
– 20
5
– 13
2
4.86
.3
7 1
– 1
2
– 1
3 –
3 4
– 34
5
– 11
4
4.69
.6
1
27. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or h
ome/
atte
ndan
t/fac
ility
car
e.
1 –
0 2
– 2
3 –
0 4
– 17
5
– 13
6
4.85
.4
5 1
– 0
2
– 3
3 –
6 4
– 14
5
– 13
2
4.77
.6
1
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 69
20. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or p
roje
cted
ther
apeu
tic m
odal
ities
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 6
4 –
12
5 –
136
4.84
.4
6 1
– 1
2
– 1
3 –
5 4
– 16
5
– 13
1
4.79
.5
9
105.
Mai
ntai
n co
ntin
uing
edu
catio
n in
are
as a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith y
our l
ife c
are
plan
ning
pra
ctic
e.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
4 4
– 17
5
– 13
0
4.83
.4
4 1
– 0
2
– 2
3 –
7 4
– 10
5
– 13
3
4.80
.5
8
70. I
nclu
de re
com
men
datio
ns th
at a
re w
ithin
you
r are
a of
exp
ertis
e.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
2 4
– 22
5
– 13
1
4.83
.4
1 1
– 1
2
– 0
3 –
0 4
– 20
5
– 13
4
4.85
.4
6
23. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or in
depe
nden
t liv
ing
and
adap
tive
equi
pmen
t ne
eds f
or in
depe
nden
t fun
ctio
n/liv
ing.
1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 3
4 –
19
5 –
127
4.83
.4
3 1
– 1
2
– 5
3 –
4 4
– 16
5
– 12
3
4.71
.7
4
16. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r arc
hite
ctur
al re
nova
tions
for a
cces
sibi
lity.
1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 5
4 –
17
5 –
132
4.82
.4
6 1
– 1
2 –
3 3
– 13
4
– 28
5
– 10
9
4.56
.7
8
19. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or p
roje
cted
eva
luat
ions
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 7
4 –
13
5 –
134
4.82
.4
9 1
– 1
2
– 2
3 –
6 4
– 15
5
– 13
1
4.76
.6
5
82. A
ccep
t ref
erra
ls o
nly
in th
e ar
eas o
f you
or y
our a
genc
y’s c
ompe
tenc
y.
1 –
0 4.
82
.54
1 –
0
4.84
.5
4
70 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
2 –
2 3
– 5
4 –
12
5 –
136
2 –
3 3
– 3
4 –
10
5 –
139
8.
Ass
ess t
he n
eed
for h
ome
furn
ishi
ngs a
nd a
cces
sorie
s. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 4
4 –
20
5 –
129
4.82
.4
5 1
– 1
2
– 3
3 –
12
4 –
25
5 –
114
4.60
.7
7
24. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or a
nd re
plac
emen
t of o
rthot
ics a
nd
pros
thet
ics.
1 –
0 2
– 2
3 –
2 4
– 18
5
– 13
0
4.82
.5
1 1
– 1
2
– 5
3 –
5 4
– 20
5
– 12
3
4.68
.7
5
1. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r pro
ject
ed e
valu
atio
ns.
1 –
0 2
– 1
3 –
2 4
– 22
5
– 13
2
4.82
.4
6 1
– 1
2
– 2
3 –
4 4
– 23
5
– 12
8
4.74
.6
3
29. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or tr
ansp
orta
tion
need
s. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 3
4 –
23
5 –
128
4.81
.4
4 1
– 1
2
– 4
3 –
7 4
– 23
5
– 12
0
4.66
.7
4
122.
Con
side
r the
impa
ct o
f agi
ng o
n di
sabi
lity
and
func
tion
whe
n de
velo
ping
lif
e ca
re p
lann
ing
reco
mm
enda
tions
. 1
– 0
2 –
1 3
– 3
4 –
20
5 –
128
4.81
.4
9 1
– 1
2
– 3
3 –
6 4
– 17
5
– 12
4
4.72
.7
2
49. A
pply
kno
wle
dge
rega
rdin
g th
e in
terr
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
med
ical
, ps
ycho
logi
cal,
soci
olog
ical
, and
beh
avio
ral c
ompo
nent
s of i
njur
y/ill
ness
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 4.
80
.45
1 –
2
2 –
1 4.
75
.68
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 71
3 –
3 4
– 24
5
– 12
6
3 –
6 4
– 16
5
– 12
8
21. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or d
iagn
ostic
test
ing/
educ
atio
nal a
sses
smen
t. 1
– 0
2 –
1 3
– 5
4 –
17
5 –
130
4.80
.5
1 1
– 2
2
– 2
3 –
6 4
– 17
5
– 12
8
4.72
.7
2
5. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r whe
elch
air/m
obili
ty a
cces
sorie
s and
mai
nten
ance
. 1
– 0
2 –
1 3
– 4
4 –
20
5 –
130
4.80
.5
0 1
– 1
2
– 3
3 –
10
4 –
33
5 –
109
4.58
.7
5
51. I
f app
licab
le, r
ecog
nize
psy
chol
ogic
al p
robl
ems r
equi
ring
cons
ulta
tion
or
refe
rral
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 5
4 –
21
5 –
128
4.80
.4
8 1
– 1
2
– 4
3 –
10
4 –
24
5 –
117
4.62
.7
7
46. A
pply
med
ical
kno
wle
dge
of p
oten
tial c
ompl
icat
ions
, inj
ury/
dise
ase
proc
ess,
incl
udin
g th
e ex
pect
ed le
ngth
of r
ecov
ery
and
the
treat
men
t opt
ions
av
aila
ble.
1 –
0 2
– 2
3 –
3 4
– 20
5
– 12
7
4.79
.5
4 1
– 1
2
– 3
3 –
5 4
– 25
5
– 12
1
4.69
.6
9
12. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r tra
nspo
rtatio
n.
1 –
0 2
– 1
3 –
4 4
– 22
5
– 12
7
4.79
.5
1 1
– 1
2 –
4 3
– 9
4 –
27
5 –
111
4.60
.7
7
33. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or a
rchi
tect
ural
reno
vatio
ns fo
r acc
essi
bilit
y.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
5
4.78
.4
9 1
– 1
2
– 8
3 –
15
4.50
.9
1
72 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
4 –
23
5 –
125
4 –
20
5 –
111
3.
Ass
ess t
he n
eed
for d
iagn
ostic
test
ing/
educ
atio
nal a
sses
smen
t. 1
– 1
2 –
0 3
– 5
4 –
20
5 –
130
4.78
.5
6 1
– 4
2
– 3
3 –
5 4
– 30
5
– 11
7
4.59
.8
5
25. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or h
ome
furn
ishi
ngs a
nd a
cces
sorie
s. 1
– 0
2 –
1 3
– 5
4 –
21
5 –
128
4.78
.5
3 1
– 1
2
– 5
3 –
9 4
– 18
5
– 12
2
4.65
.7
9
78. S
tay
curr
ent w
ith th
e re
leva
nt li
fe c
are
plan
ning
lite
ratu
re.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
4 4
– 26
5
– 12
4
4.78
.4
8 1
– 1
2
– 1
3 –
8 4
– 36
5
– 10
9
4.62
.6
8
50. S
ynth
esiz
e as
sess
men
t inf
orm
atio
n to
prio
ritiz
e ca
re n
eeds
and
dev
elop
the
life
care
pla
n.
1 –
3 2
– 2
3 –
1 4
– 14
5
– 13
4
4.78
.7
1 1
– 4
2
– 2
3 –
1 4
– 11
5
– 13
6
4.77
.7
6
89. P
repa
re c
ase
note
s and
repo
rts u
sing
app
licab
le fo
rms a
nd sy
stem
s in
orde
r to
doc
umen
t cas
e ac
tiviti
es in
com
plia
nce
with
stan
dard
pra
ctic
es a
nd
regu
latio
ns.
1 –
0 2
– 2
3 –
4 4
– 21
5
– 12
7
4.77
.5
6 1
– 2
2
– 1
3 –
4 4
– 22
5
– 12
4
4.73
.6
7
88. M
onito
r to
ensu
re th
at th
e lif
e ca
re p
lann
ing
wor
k is
per
form
ed a
nd th
at it
m
eets
stan
dard
s and
acc
epte
d pr
actic
es.
1 –
2 2
– 1
3 –
2 4
– 20
4.77
.6
4 1
– 3
2
– 5
3 –
5 4
– 15
4.66
.8
5
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 73
5 –
127
5
– 12
6
7. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r and
repl
acem
ent o
f orth
otic
s and
pro
sthe
tics.
1 –
0 2
– 2
3 –
6 4
– 18
5
– 12
9
4.77
.5
8 1
– 1
2
– 5
3 –
12
4 –
34
5 –
104
4.51
.8
2
77. A
pply
kno
wle
dge
rega
rdin
g th
e ty
pes o
f per
sona
l car
e.
1 –
0 2
– 0
3 –
6 4
– 29
5
– 12
0
4.74
.5
2 1
– 1
2
– 6
3 –
8 4
– 24
5
– 11
7
4.60
.8
1
101.
Iden
tify
one’
s ow
n bi
ases
, stre
ngth
s, an
d w
eakn
esse
s tha
t may
aff
ect t
he
deve
lopm
ent o
f hea
lthy
clie
nt re
latio
nshi
ps.
1 –
1 2
– 2
3 –
3 4
– 24
5
– 12
1
4.74
.6
3 1
– 2
2 –
4 3
– 5
4 –
24
5 –
117
4.64
.7
8
69. A
ddre
ss g
aps i
n re
cord
s and
/or l
ife c
are
plan
reco
mm
enda
tions
. 1
– 1
2 –
0 3
– 6
4 –
26
5 –
121
4.72
7 .6
0 1
– 2
2
– 3
3 –
8 4
– 17
5
– 12
5
4.68
.7
7
58. R
ecom
men
d se
rvic
es th
at m
axim
ize
func
tiona
l cap
acity
and
inde
pend
ence
fo
r per
sons
with
cat
astro
phic
dis
abili
ties t
hrou
gh th
e ag
ing
proc
ess.
1 –
1 2
– 0
3 –
5 4
– 31
5
– 11
6
4.71
.6
0 1
– 0
2
– 2
3 –
8 4
– 29
5
– 11
4
4.67
.6
4
41. U
se e
ffec
tive
time
man
agem
ent s
trate
gies
whe
n de
velo
ping
the
life
care
pl
an.
1 –
1 2
– 2
3 –
4 4
– 28
5
– 11
9
4.70
.6
5 1
– 2
2
– 4
3 –
7 4
– 37
5
– 10
3
4.54
.8
1
74 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
102.
As a
ppro
pria
te, a
ttend
pro
fess
iona
l con
fere
nces
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 7
4 –
32
5 –
113
4.70
.5
5 1
– 0
2
– 2
3 –
17
4 –
39
5 –
95
4.48
.7
4
90. A
pply
kno
wle
dge
of c
linic
al p
athw
ays,
stan
dard
s of c
are,
pra
ctic
e gu
idel
ines
. 1
– 0
2 –
4 3
– 7
4 –
22
5 –
122
4.69
0 .6
8 1
– 1
2
– 7
3 –
12
4 –
19
5 –
116
4.56
.8
7
104.
Bel
ong
to a
n or
gani
zatio
n th
at re
view
s life
car
e pl
anni
ng to
pics
and
is
sues
, as w
ell a
s off
ers c
ontin
uing
edu
catio
n sp
ecifi
cally
rela
ted
to th
e in
dust
ry.
1 –
1 2
– 3
3 –
7 4
– 21
5
– 11
9
.72
1 –
1
2 –
3 3
– 11
4
– 16
5
– 12
0
4.67
.7
6
60. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r tra
inin
g in
act
iviti
es o
f dai
ly li
ving
(AD
Ls) a
nd
inst
rum
enta
l act
iviti
es o
f dai
ly li
ving
(IA
DLs
). 1
– 0
2 –
2 3
– 7
4 –
30
5 –
116
.62
1 –
1
2 –
8 3
– 8
4 –
27
5 –
112
4.54
.8
6
36. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r cas
e m
anag
emen
t ser
vice
s. 1
– 0
2 –
1 3
– 10
4
– 27
5
– 11
6
.63
1 –
1
2 –
1 3
– 18
4
– 26
5
– 10
9
4.55
.7
7
81. A
s app
ropr
iate
, rev
iew
/util
ize
curr
ent l
itera
ture
, pub
lishe
d re
sear
ch a
nd
data
to p
rovi
de a
foun
datio
n fo
r opi
nion
s, co
nclu
sion
s and
life
car
e pl
anni
ng
reco
mm
enda
tions
.
1 –
0 2
– 2
3 –
7 4
– 31
5
– 11
5
.63
1 –
0
2 –
6 3
– 8
4 –
33
5 –
109
4.57
.7
6
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 75
76 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid37
. Rev
iew
s cur
rent
cat
alog
s and
web
site
s to
dete
rmin
e th
e co
sts o
f nee
ds a
nd
serv
ices
. 1
– 0
2 –
0 3
– 8
4 –
36
5 –
111
.57
1 –
1
2 –
1 3
– 11
4
– 27
5
– 11
5
4.64
.7
0
108.
Edu
cate
par
ties r
egar
ding
the
life
care
pla
nnin
g pr
oces
s. 1
– 0
2 –
3 3
– 7
4 –
30
5 –
112
.66
1 –
2
2 –
4 3
– 16
4
– 25
5
– 10
6
4.50
.8
8
40. E
stab
lish
fee
sche
dule
s (ho
w m
uch
you
or y
our p
ract
ice
char
ge) f
or li
fe
care
pla
nnin
g se
rvic
es to
be
rend
ered
. 1
– 2
2 –
4 3
– 7
4 –
19
5 –
118
.80
1 –
3
2 –
8 3
– 9
4 –
16
5 –
116
4.54
.9
7
79. S
elec
t eva
luat
ion/
asse
ssm
ent i
nstru
men
ts a
nd st
rate
gies
acc
ordi
ng to
thei
r ap
prop
riate
ness
and
use
fuln
ess f
or a
par
ticul
ar c
lient
. 1
– 0
2 –
3 3
– 10
4
– 26
5
– 11
5
.69
1 –
2
2 –
5 3
– 13
4
– 24
5
– 11
1
4.53
.8
8
53. A
pply
kno
wle
dge
of h
uman
gro
wth
and
dev
elop
men
t as i
t rel
ates
to li
fe
care
pla
nnin
g.
1 –
0 2
– 3
3 –
6 4
– 33
5
– 10
9
.66
1 –
2
2 –
12
3 –
10
4 –
27
5 –
103
4.41
1.
00
103.
App
ly k
now
ledg
e re
gard
ing
lega
l rul
es.
1 –
0 2
– 2
3 –
6 4
– 38
5
– 10
6
.63
1 –
2
2 –
5 3
– 10
4
– 36
5
– 10
0
4.48
.8
6
99. I
f app
ropr
iate
, be
cred
entia
led
in th
eir a
rea
of e
xper
tise
that
als
o pr
ovid
es a
1
– 2
.80
1 –
4
4.66
.8
6
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 77
mec
hani
sm fo
r eth
ics c
ompl
aint
reso
lutio
n.
2 –
2 3
– 12
4
– 18
5
– 11
4
2 –
2 3
– 7
4 –
15
5 –
120
71
. Add
ress
nee
ds/p
refe
renc
es o
f the
clie
nt a
nd/o
r fam
ily.
1 –
0 2
– 1
3 –
14
4 –
29
5 –
111
.68
1 –
1
2 –
3 3
– 11
4
– 33
5
– 10
8
4.56
.7
6
76. P
rese
nt v
ario
us h
ealth
car
e op
tions
(fac
ility
vs.
hom
e ca
re).
1 –
0 2
– 4
3 –
11
4 –
34
5 –
105
.74
1 –
1
2 –
7 3
– 12
4
– 31
5
– 10
5
4.49
.8
7
30. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or h
ealth
/stre
ngth
mai
nten
ance
. 1
– 0
2 –
2 3
– 17
4
– 27
5
– 10
5
.75
1 –
1
2 –
9 3
– 19
4
– 30
5
– 95
4.36
.9
5
64. C
ompi
le a
nd in
terp
ret c
lient
info
rmat
ion
to m
aint
ain
a cu
rren
t cas
e re
cord
. 1
– 1
2 –
2 3
– 11
4
– 36
5
– 10
3
.74
1 –
4 2
– 7
3 –
10
4 –
31
5 –
102
4.43
.9
8
55. A
pply
kno
wle
dge
of th
e ex
iste
nce,
stre
ngth
s and
wea
knes
ses o
f ps
ycho
logi
cal a
nd n
euro
psyc
holo
gica
l ass
essm
ents
. 1
– 0
2 –
3 3
– 11
4
– 38
5
– 10
3
.71
1 –
2
2 –
4 3
– 13
4
– 41
5
– 96
4.44
.8
5
63. W
hen
appl
icab
le, e
valu
ate
and
sele
ct fa
cilit
ies t
hat p
rovi
de sp
ecia
lized
ca
re se
rvic
es fo
r clie
nts.
1 –
1 2
– 1
.71
1 –
3
2 –
7 4.
33
.97
78 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid4
– 45
5
– 93
4 –
51
5 –
73
34
. If a
pplic
able
, spe
cifie
s cos
t for
nut
ritio
nal e
duca
tion.
1
– 0
2 –
4 3
– 22
4
– 29
5
– 10
0
.83
1 –
3
2 –
11
3 –
30
4 –
22
5 –
89
4.18
1.
10
110.
Ser
ve a
s an
expe
rt w
itnes
s in
a co
urt c
ase
for a
n in
divi
dual
who
sust
ains
a
cata
stro
phic
inju
ry.
1 –
3 2
– 1
3 –
17
4 –
34
5 –
95
.87
1 –
13
2 –
14
3 –
24
4 –
28
5 –
72
3.87
1.
33
94. K
eep
abre
ast o
f the
law
s, po
licie
s, an
d ru
le m
akin
g af
fect
ing
heal
th c
are
and
disa
bilit
y-re
late
d re
habi
litat
ion
serv
ice
deliv
ery.
1
– 0
2 –
5 3
– 14
4
– 47
5
– 87
.79
1 –
3
2 –
7 3
– 21
4
– 52
5
– 71
4.18
.9
6
115.
Con
side
r the
life
exp
ecta
ncy
of th
e cl
ient
whe
n de
velo
ping
a li
fe c
are
plan
. 1
– 5
2 –
10
3 –
10
4 –
21
5 –
105
1.08
1
– 7
2
– 14
3
– 10
4
– 15
5
– 10
3
4.30
1.
22
35. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or sh
ort/l
ong-
term
voc
atio
nal/e
duca
tiona
l se
rvic
es.
1 –
5 2
– 3
3 –
17
4 –
31
5 –
98
.99
1 –
10
2 –
13
3 –
25
4 –
19
5 –
86
4.03
1.
29
67. P
rovi
de p
rogr
ess o
f life
car
e pl
an d
evel
opm
ent t
o re
tain
ing
party
. 1
– 1
2 –
6 3
– 20
4
– 34
.90
1 –
2
2 –
10
3 –
15
4 –
40
4.31
.9
8
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 79
4 –
45
5 –
93
4 –
51
5 –
73
34
. If a
pplic
able
, spe
cifie
s cos
t for
nut
ritio
nal e
duca
tion.
1
– 0
2 –
4 3
– 22
4
– 29
5
– 10
0
.83
1 –
3
2 –
11
3 –
30
4 –
22
5 –
89
4.18
1.
10
110.
Ser
ve a
s an
expe
rt w
itnes
s in
a co
urt c
ase
for a
n in
divi
dual
who
sust
ains
a
cata
stro
phic
inju
ry.
1 –
3 2
– 1
3 –
17
4 –
34
5 –
95
.87
1 –
13
2 –
14
3 –
24
4 –
28
5 –
72
3.87
1.
33
94. K
eep
abre
ast o
f the
law
s, po
licie
s, an
d ru
le m
akin
g af
fect
ing
heal
th c
are
and
disa
bilit
y-re
late
d re
habi
litat
ion
serv
ice
deliv
ery.
1
– 0
2 –
5 3
– 14
4
– 47
5
– 87
.79
1 –
3
2 –
7 3
– 21
4
– 52
5
– 71
4.18
.9
6
115.
Con
side
r the
life
exp
ecta
ncy
of th
e cl
ient
whe
n de
velo
ping
a li
fe c
are
plan
. 1
– 5
2 –
10
3 –
10
4 –
21
5 –
105
1.08
1
– 7
2
– 14
3
– 10
4
– 15
5
– 10
3
4.30
1.
22
35. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or sh
ort/l
ong-
term
voc
atio
nal/e
duca
tiona
l se
rvic
es.
1 –
5 2
– 3
3 –
17
4 –
31
5 –
98
.99
1 –
10
2 –
13
3 –
25
4 –
19
5 –
86
4.03
1.
29
67. P
rovi
de p
rogr
ess o
f life
car
e pl
an d
evel
opm
ent t
o re
tain
ing
party
. 1
– 1
2 –
6 3
– 20
4
– 34
.90
1 –
2
2 –
10
3 –
15
4 –
40
4.31
.9
8
5 –
93
5
– 89
18. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r sho
rt/lo
ng-te
rm v
ocat
iona
l/edu
catio
nal s
ervi
ces.
1 –
2 2
– 3
3 –
24
4 –
36
5 –
89
.90
1 –
10
2 –
10
3 –
30
4 –
33
5 –
72
3.96
1.
20
57. R
esea
rch
and
inve
stig
ate
the
com
mun
ity to
iden
tify
clie
nt-a
ppro
pria
te
serv
ices
for c
reat
ing
and
coor
dina
ting
agen
cy se
rvic
e de
liver
y.
1 –
1 2
– 6
3 –
19
4 –
42
5 –
86
.89
1 –
3
2 –
13
3 –
24
4 –
35
5 –
80
4.14
1.
08
17. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r nut
ritio
nal e
duca
tion.
1
– 0
2 –
5 3
– 27
4
– 38
5
– 85
.87
1 –
2
2 –
15
3 –
37
4 –
32
5 –
70
3.98
1.
10
56. A
s app
ropr
iate
, exp
lain
the
serv
ices
and
lim
itatio
ns o
f var
ious
com
mun
ity
reso
urce
s to
clie
nts.
1 –
2 2
– 8
3 –
9 4
– 57
5
– 78
.90
1 –
5
2 –
13
3 –
16
4 –
49
5 –
72
4.10
1.
10
38. I
f req
uest
ed, w
ork
with
an
econ
omis
t for
an
estim
ate
of th
e lif
etim
e co
sts
of th
e LC
P.
1 –
3 2
– 11
3
– 16
4
– 31
5
– 92
1.04
1
– 11
2
– 15
3
– 32
4
– 23
5
– 72
3.85
1.
31
59. A
s app
ropr
iate
, edu
cate
clie
nts i
n m
odify
ing
thei
r life
styl
es to
ac
com
mod
ate
func
tiona
l lim
itatio
ns.
1 –
2 2
– 7
3 –
17
4 –
48
5 –
79
.93
1 –
5
2 –
14
3 –
25
4 –
37
5 –
72
4.03
1.
14
80 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
31. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or th
e cl
ient
’s re
crea
tiona
l equ
ipm
ent n
eeds
. 1
– 0
2 –
12
3 –
31
4 –
23
5 –
88
1.02
1
– 2
2
– 20
3
– 31
4
– 23
5
– 78
4.01
1.
16
111.
Con
sult
with
a p
lain
tiff a
ttorn
ey in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
life
car
e pl
an.
1 –
6 2
– 12
3
– 18
4
– 32
5
– 83
1.15
1
– 8
2
– 15
3
– 25
4
– 30
5
– 71
3.95
1.
23
32. I
f app
licab
le, s
peci
fies c
ost f
or re
crea
tiona
l the
rapy
. 1
– 1
2 –
15
3 –
27
4 –
31
5 –
80
1.07
1
– 5
2
– 23
3
– 28
4
– 25
5
– 74
3.90
1.
24
65. M
onito
r clie
nt p
rogr
ess a
nd o
utco
mes
dur
ing
the
life
care
pla
nnin
g pr
oces
s. 1
– 5
2 –
5 3
– 31
4
– 40
5
– 73
1.05
1
– 9
2
– 19
3
– 27
4
– 32
5
– 68
3.85
1.
27
14. A
sses
s the
nee
d fo
r rec
reat
iona
l equ
ipm
ent.
1 –
0 2
– 9
3 –
34
4 –
46
5 –
65
.94
1 –
1
2 –
19
3 –
41
4 –
41
5 –
52
3.82
1.
06
112.
Con
sult
with
a d
efen
se a
ttorn
ey in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
life
car
e pl
an.
1 –
6 2
– 13
3
– 21
4
– 35
5
– 76
1.16
1
– 9
2
– 21
3
– 36
4
– 29
5
– 55
3.67
1.
26
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 81
121.
Whe
n w
orki
ng w
ith p
edia
tric
case
s, ke
ep a
brea
st o
f gua
rdia
n is
sues
for
prot
ectin
g m
inor
s or t
hose
dee
med
men
tally
inco
mpe
tent
. 1
– 5
2 –
15
3 –
22
4 –
29
5 –
77
1.18
1
– 22
2
– 28
3
– 25
4
– 19
5
– 55
3.38
1.
50
118.
Rev
iew
the
plai
ntiff
’s p
lan
and
deve
lop
a re
butta
l or c
ompa
rison
pla
n w
hen
cons
ultin
g w
ith d
efen
se a
ttorn
eys.
1 –
2 2
– 11
3
– 29
4
– 42
5
– 65
1.03
1
–10
2
– 24
3
– 31
4
– 33
5
– 51
3.61
1.
29
72. P
rovi
de li
st a
nd d
ate
of re
spon
ses r
ecei
ved
from
life
car
e pl
anni
ng re
ferr
al
sour
ces.
1 –
11
2 –
8 3
– 21
4
– 36
5
– 78
1.23
1
– 15
2
– 10
3
– 17
4
– 33
5
– 79
3.98
1.
33
109.
Edu
cate
and
info
rm p
artie
s inv
olve
d in
settl
emen
t neg
otia
tion.
1
– 6
2 –
9 3
– 26
4
– 43
5
– 67
1.10
1
– 9
2
– 25
3
– 27
4
– 34
5
– 56
3.68
1.
29
75. P
rom
ote
and
mar
ket t
he fi
eld
of li
fe c
are
plan
ning
. 1
– 3
2 –
14
3 –
34
4 –
36
5 –
68
1.10
1
– 5
2
– 19
3
– 50
4
– 24
5
– 57
3.70
1.
18
91. A
pply
adv
ocac
y, n
egot
iatio
n, a
nd c
onfli
ct re
solu
tion
know
ledg
e.
1 –
8 2
– 11
3
– 27
4
– 39
5
– 68
1.18
1
– 9
2
– 14
3
– 33
4
– 38
5
– 60
3.82
1.
21
113.
Whe
n ap
prop
riate
, rec
omm
end
othe
r exp
ert w
itnes
ses t
o a
clie
nt’s
1
– 8
1.14
1
– 13
3.
56
1.22
82 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
atto
rney
. 2
– 9
3 –
28
4 –
46
5 –
61
2 –
11
3 –
49
4 –
35
5 –
43
10
7. P
rovi
de in
form
atio
n re
gard
ing
your
org
aniz
atio
n’s p
rogr
ams t
o cu
rren
t an
d po
tent
ial r
efer
ral s
ourc
es.
1 –
7 2
– 9
3 –
35
4 –
37
5 –
61
1.15
1
– 10
2
– 22
3
– 31
4
– 30
5
– 57
3.68
1.
30
95. A
pply
kno
wle
dge
rega
rdin
g w
orke
rs’ c
ompe
nsat
ion
bene
fits w
ithin
the
stat
e of
inju
ry a
s it r
elat
es to
life
car
e pl
anni
ng.
1 –
9 2
– 11
3
– 27
4
– 38
5
– 63
1.21
1
– 12
2
– 26
3
– 26
4
– 27
5
– 58
3.64
1.
35
1
– 1
2 –
16
3 –
38
4 –
40
5 –
59
1.05
1
– 3
2 –
26
3 –
40
4 –
36
5 –
51
3.68
1.
15
1
– 12
2
– 12
3
– 25
4
– 47
5
– 59
1.24
1
– 10
2
– 20
3
– 25
4
– 34
5
– 66
3.81
1.
29
1
– 5
2 –
17
3 –
30
4 –
41
5 –
54
1.15
1
– 10
2
– 26
3
– 35
4
– 31
5
– 44
3.50
1.
28
1
– 7
2 –
18
1.18
1
– 10
2
– 21
3.
60
1.21
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 83
3 –
27
4 –
47
5 –
55
3 –
38
4 –
39
5 –
46
. 1
– 8
2 –
17
3 –
29
4 –
48
5 –
52
1.18
1
– 15
2
– 26
3
– 32
4
– 40
5
– 42
3.44
1.
31
1
– 6
2 –
20
3 –
28
4 –
51
5 –
50
1.15
1
– 15
2
– 41
3
– 23
4
– 36
5
– 41
3.30
1.
36
1
– 13
2
– 17
3
– 28
4
– 43
5
– 51
1.28
1
– 16
2
– 31
3
– 39
4
– 31
5
– 36
3.26
1.
31
1
– 11
2
– 17
3
– 26
4
– 53
5
– 43
1.21
1
– 19
2
– 23
3
– 44
4
– 26
5
– 36
3.25
1.
33
1
– 8
2 –
21
3 –
31
4 –
46
5 –
41
1.19
1
– 28
2
– 56
3
– 22
4
– 18
5
– 25
2.70
1.
36
1
– 9
2 –
27
3 –
27
1.24
1
– 13
2
– 27
3
– 36
3.45
1.
31
84 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
4 –
45
5 –
45
4 –
32
5 –
45
1 –
14
2 –
21
3 –
27
4 –
44
5 –
45
3.56
1.
30
1 –
21
2 –
32
3 –
22
4 –
33
5 –
43
3.30
1.
43
1
– 7
2 –
26
3 –
48
4 –
35
5 –
34
3.42
1.
15
1 –
20
2 –
52
3 –
35
4 –
19
5 –
24
2.83
1.
28
1
– 25
2
– 17
3
– 26
4
– 43
5
– 42
3.39
1.
42
1 –
34
2 –
28
3 –
26
4 –
33
5 –
33
3.05
1.
46
1
– 12
2
– 33
3
– 38
4
– 26
5
– 45
3.38
1.
32
1 –
20
2 –
31
3 –
32
4 –
25
5 –
44
3.28
1.
41
1
– 24
2
– 26
3
– 30
4
– 38
5
– 35
3.22
1.
39
1 –
28
2 –
30
3 –
34
4 –
28
5 –
34
3.06
1.
41
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 85
Phase IV Theme Placement: Construct ValidityIn order to assess construct validity of the role and function categories, 93 life care
planners who attended the 2009 ISLCP participated in the final phase of the study. At least 14participants placed each item into one of 21 themes; therefore, all items satisfied thejustification criterion of 3 times the expected number of endorsements based on chance alone.For cases where the two top categories (of the first choices) both received the same number ofendorsements (tied), the category that ranked higher in the second choice became theappropriate category for the item. For example: #54 had a tie among first choices between"Counseling and Services" and "Coordination and Service Delivery." On the second choicesfor that item, "Coordination and Service Delivery" ranked higher than "Counseling andServices." Therefore, the category for #54 was determined to be "Coordination and ServiceDelivery." A total of 4 items received the same number of endorsements for two themes.Appendix B depicts the 21 themes with 122 respective roles and functions.
Discussion This study resulted in a comprehensive empirically-derived list of roles and functions of
professional life care planners. These roles and functions are divided into 21 themes validatedby professional life care planners. Although some life care planning job functions had beenexplored previously by Turner, Taylor, Rubin, and May (2000), this current study was the firstcomprehensive empirical analysis of the roles and functions of life care planners and wasconducted independent of any certification organization. Because life care plans are developedby multiple rehabilitation professionals including catastrophic case managers, rehabilitationcounselors, and rehabilitation nurses, to name a few, life care planning is a subspecialtycreating numerous demands on the professional. Such professionals must balance thedemands of their primary practice and apply their professional scope to the field of life careplanning. It is important to note that a major goal of such professionals is to rely on consistentmethodology for analyzing the life care planning needs dictated by the onset of a disability(Deutsch & Kitchen, 1994). Additionally, the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Daubertv. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993) implicated the need for life careplanners to scientifically validate their life care planning approach. Many variables must beconsidered by the life care planner as s/he develops a life care plan. These variables aredynamic, especially if one considers the multiple types of catastrophic disabilities and themultiple arenas in which life care plans are developed. Differences in such variables can affectthe specific roles and functions performed by life care planners. For example, Theme 4:Consultation Services-Legal System, includes roles and functions pertinent to life careplanners who practice within the forensic or legal arena. However, a life care planner hired byan individual with a spinal cord injury in a case management capacity most likely would notneed to perform roles and functions such as “serve as an expert witness in a court case or whenappropriate, advise the client’s attorney on the cross-examination of opposing counsel’s expertwitness.” However, there is a high probability that a life care planner would perform thesefunctions if s/he were retained as a rehabilitation consultant to develop a life care plan in apersonal injury legal case.
The 21 themes depicted within Appendix B are the result of extensive feedback fromexperienced life care planners who work in multiple capacities, from numerous specialties. Byplacing a great deal of emphasis on instrument development, the research team increased thelikelihood that participants surveyed would agree that most of the roles and functions wereimportant for life care planners. It is intuitive to expect similar responses for the frequency in
86 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 87
which roles and functions are performed. In other words, by employing multiple qualitativeiterations, the content validity was further established.
Results of this study have significant implications for the education and credentialingof life care planners. Students of life care planning should develop expertise in each of the 21identified themes and be able to perform each of the 122 functions considered important forlife care planning practice. Development, revision, and validation of credentialing processesin life care planning should address appropriate assessment of each applicant’s ability tocompetently perform those roles and functions.
Study Limitations and Future ResearchThere were limitations within this study that could affect reliability and validity of study
results and conclusions. First, the somewhat low response rate (160 life care planners)represents a small percentage of existing life care planners. A larger sample size could allowadditional validation of the constructs through confirmatory factor analysis. Stratifying alarger sample size by occupational background, practice setting, and other demographiccharacteristics could facilitate comparisons between groups of practitioners, as well as greaterassurance of generalizability of results to the entire population of life care planners. Futureanalysis to examine differences regarding roles and functions between life care planners indifferent settings could have implications for education and certification of life care plannersin those specialty areas.
About the AuthorsJamie L. Pomeranz, Ph.D., CRC, CLCP, Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral
Science and Community Health, University of Florida, has worked with people withdisabilities in multiple capacities for over 19 years and also conducts life care planningresearch; some currently funded by the Veteran’s Health Administration and the NationalInstitute of Health.
Nami Yu, MHS, CRC, CLCP, doctoral candidate, Rehabilitation Science Program,University of Florida, focuses her research on time loss associated with activities of dailyliving for individuals with spinal cord injury. Her pilot work has been published and she haspresented at national and international conferences including the International Symposium onLife Care Planning
Christine Reid, Ph.D., CRC, Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, has over 25years experience as a Rehabilitation Counseling educator, researcher, and service provider. Dr.Reid’s primary research is in the area of psychometric methodology, focused on thedevelopment and validation of assessment instruments related to rehabilitation.
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Dr. Roger Weed for all his guidance and support for this
important study. Additionally, the authors acknowledge the ongoing support from Dr. PaulDeutsch and the Foundation for Life Care Planning Research. Finally, the authors thank all theprofessional life care planners whose participation and expertise made this study possible.
88 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
References
Berens, D., Johnson, C., Pomeranz, J., & Preston, R. (2010). Life Care Planning Summit 2010 Proceedings. Journal of Life Care Planning, 9(2), 3-14.
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (1993)
Deutsch, P.M. & Raffa, F. (1981). Damages in tort actions. (vol. 8). New York: MatthewBender.
Deutsch, P. M., & Raffa, F. (1982). Damages in tort actions. (vol. 9). New York: MatthewBender.
Deutsch, P.M., & Kitchen, J.A. (1994). Life care planning. Seminars in Hearing, 15, 207-223.
International Academy of Life Care Planners. (2006). Standards of practice for Life Care Planners. Journal of Life Care Planning, 5(3), 75-81.
Leahy, M.J., Chan, F., & Saunders, J.L. (2003). Job functions and knowledge requirements ofcertified rehabilitation counselors in the 21st century. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,46(2), 66-81.
Leahy, M.J., Muenzen, P, Saunders, J.L, & Strauser, D. (2009). Essential knowledge domainsunderlying effective rehabilitation counseling practice. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,52(2), 95-106.
Muthard, J.E., & Salamone, P.R. (1969). The roles and functions of the rehabilitationcounselor. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 13, 81-168.
Neulicht, A.T., Riddick-Grisham, S.R., Hinton, L., Costantini, P.A., Thomas, R., & Goodrich,B. (2002). Life care planning survey 2001: Process, methods, and protocols. Journal ofLife Care Planning, 1(2), 97-148.
NVivo qualitative data analysis software; QSR International Pty Ltd. Version 7, 2006.
Pomeranz, J.L., Shaw, L.R., Sawyer, H.W., & Velozo, C.A. (2006). Consensus among lifecare planners regarding activities to consider when recommending personal attendant careservices for individuals with spinal cord injury: A Delphi study. Journal of Life CarePlanning, 5(1&2), 7-23.
Pomeranz, J.L., Yu, N.S., Wemmer, C.M., & Watson, L.L. (2007). Use of scientific researchand clinical practice guidelines: A survey of experienced life care planners. Journal of LifeCare Planning, 6(3), 77-98.
Reavis, S.L. (2002). Standards of practice. Journal of Life Care Planning, 1(1): 49-58.
Reid, C., Deutsch, P., & Kitchen, J. (2005). Life care planning. In F. Chan, M. Leahy, & J.Saunders (Eds.), Case management for health professionals (2nd ed.), Volume 1,Foundational Aspects (pp. 228-263). Osage Beach, MO: Aspen Professional Services.
Rubin, S.E., Matkin, R.E., Ashley, J., Beardsley, M.M., May, V.R., Onstott, K., & Puckett,F.D. (1984). Roles and functions of certified rehabilitation counselors. RehabilitationCounseling Bulletin, 27(4), 199-224.
Turner, R.N., Taylor, D.W., Rubin, S.E., & May, V.R., III. (2000). Job functions associatedwith the development of life care plans. Journal of Legal Nurse Consulting, 11(3), 3-7.
Weed, R., & Berens, D. (Eds.). (2001). Life Care Planning Summit 2000 Proceedings.Athens, GA: Elliott & Fitzpatrick.
Weed, R.O., & Berens, D. (Eds.). (2010). Life care planning and case managementhandbook (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 89
Page 1
DemoDemoDemoDemo
1. How long have you been a Life Care Planner (in years)?
2. How many life care plans have you completed?
3. What is your gender?
4. What is your age (in years)?
5. I live in the state or province of:
6. Highest level of schooling (please check):
1. Demographic Information
0-20
nmlkj
21-40
nmlkj
41-60
nmlkj
61-80
nmlkj
81-100
nmlkj
Over 100
nmlkj
Male
nmlkj
Female
nmlkj
18-25
nmlkj
26-35
nmlkj
36-45
nmlkj
46-55
nmlkj
56-65
nmlkj
Over 65
nmlkj
Bachelor's Degree
nmlkj
Master's Degree
nmlkj
PhD/EdD
nmlkj
JD/LLB/LLM
nmlkj
MD
nmlkj
Technical
nmlkj
Other (please specify)
Appendix ALife Care Planning Roles and Functions Study
90 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 2
DemoDemoDemoDemo7. My primary clinical field(s) of practice is (please check all that apply):
8. I am currently licensed/registered and/or certified at the State/Provincial/National level in the following fields of practice (check all that apply):
9. I hold the following licenses/registrations and/or certifications (check all that apply):
Audiology
gfedc
Case Management
gfedc
Counseling
gfedc
Marriage and Family Therapy
gfedc
Medicine
gfedc
Nursing
gfedc
Occupational Therapy
gfedc
Physical Therapy
gfedc
Psychology/Neuropsychology
gfedc
Rehabilitation Counseling
gfedc
Social Work
gfedc
Speech-Language Pathology
gfedc
Other (please specify)
Audiology
gfedc
Case Management
gfedc
Counseling
gfedc
Marriage and Family Therapy
gfedc
Medicine
gfedc
Nursing
gfedc
Occupational Therapy
gfedc
Physical Therapy
gfedc
Psychology/Neuropsychology
gfedc
Rehabilitation Counseling
gfedc
Social Work
gfedc
Speech-Language Pathology
gfedc
Other (please specify)
ABPP
gfedc
ABVE
gfedc
ACSW
gfedc
CLCP
gfedc
CCM
gfedc
CRC
gfedc
CDMS
gfedc
CLNC
gfedc
CNA
gfedc
CNLCP
gfedc
CRRN
gfedc
CVE
gfedc
FIALCP
gfedc
LMHC
gfedc
LNCC
gfedc
LPC
gfedc
LPN
gfedc
NCC
gfedc
OT
gfedc
PT
gfedc
RN
gfedc
SLP-CCC
gfedc
Other (please specify)
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 91
Page 3
DemoDemoDemoDemo10. Please check all organizations in which you hold an active membership:
11. Please list the names of professional Listservs that you are a member of:
12. My current primary practice setting is (check all that apply):
13. On average, Life Care Planning activities constitute approximately _____ of my work activities (please check):
AALNC
gfedc
AANLCP
gfedc
ABVE
gfedc
ACA/ARCA
gfedc
ACRM
gfedc
ANA
gfedc
AOTA
gfedc
APTA
gfedc
AREA
gfedc
ARN
gfedc
ASHA
gfedc
BIA
gfedc
CMSA
gfedc
IALCP
gfedc
IARP
gfedc
NAFE
gfedc
NASPPR
gfedc
NRA/RCEA
gfedc
NRCA
gfedc
RESNA
gfedc
Other (please specify)
Attorney's Office
gfedc
Corporation with Sub-Contractors
gfedc
Hospital/Rehabilitation Setting
gfedc
Insurance Company
gfedc
Owner/Independent Practice (With Employees)
gfedc
Private Rehabilitation Company (Employee)
gfedc
Sole Proprietor (No Employees)
gfedc
Other (please specify)
None
nmlkj
1-25%
nmlkj
26-50%
nmlkj
51-75%
nmlkj
76-100%
nmlkj
92 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 4
DemoDemoDemoDemo14. I provide Life Care Planning services on a _____ level. (check all that apply)
15. Typically, what is the age range of your clients? (please check)
16. What population(s) do you typically work with when developing a life care plan (check all that apply)?
17. Do you have office staff who assist with completion of the life care plan?
18. How often are you asked to analyze/critique other life care plans?
Local (e.g., statewide)
gfedc
Regional (e.g., 3-5 state radius)
gfedc
National
gfedc
International
gfedc
Adult/Geriatric (18 years +)
nmlkj
Pediatric
nmlkj
My caseload includes both adult/geriatric and pediatric cases
nmlkj
Acquired Brain Injuries/Traumatic Brain Injuries
gfedc
Amputations
gfedc
Birth Injuries/Anoxia
gfedc
Burns
gfedc
Chronic Diseases (e.g., MS, Diabetes, Chronic Pain,
Cancer)gfedc
Developmental Disabilities (e.g., MR)
gfedc
Non-Catastrophic Injuries
gfedc
Orgran Transplants
gfedc
Orthopedic Conditions
gfedc
Psychological/Psychiatric Conditions
gfedc
Spinal Cord Injuries
gfedc
Other (please specify)
Yes
nmlkj
No
nmlkj
Never (0%)
nmlkj
Rarely (1-25%)
nmlkj
Occasionally (26-50%)
nmlkj
Often (51-75%)
nmlkj
Frequently (76-100%)
nmlkj
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 93
Page 5
DemoDemoDemoDemo
1. Assess the need for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.)
2. Assess the need for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc)
2. Default Section
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
94 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 6
DemoDemoDemoDemo3. Assess the need for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g., neuropsychological, educational, medical labs)
4. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility equipment
5. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility accessories and maintenance
6. Assess independent living and adaptive equipment needs
7. Assess the need for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces, ankle/foot orthotics)
8. Assess the need for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed, portable ramps, patient lifts)
9. Assess the need for medications and supplies (bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies)
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 95
Page 7
DemoDemoDemoDemo10. Assess the need for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance, nursing care)
11. Assess the need for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations, psychiatry, urology, etc.)
12. Assess the need for transportation (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle with hand controls)
13. Assess the need for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sports equipment and exercise/strength training)
14. Assess the need for recreational equipment (e.g., adaptive skis, adaptive fishing equipment)
15. Assess the need for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy, RET)
16. Assess the need for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen doorways, ramp installations)
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
96 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
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DemoDemoDemoDemo17. Assess the need for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction, diet)
18. Assess the need for short/long-term vocational/educational services
19. If applicable, specifies cost for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.)
20. If applicable, specifies cost for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.)
21. If applicable, specifies cost for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g., neuropsychological, educational, medical labs)
22. If applicable, specifies cost for wheelchair/mobility needs
23. If applicable, specifies cost for independent living and adaptive equipment needs for independent function/living
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 97
Page 9
DemoDemoDemoDemo24. If applicable, specifies cost for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces, ankle/foot orthotics)
25. If applicable, specifies cost for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed, portable ramps, patient lifts)
26. If applicable, specifies cost for medication/supply needs (e.g., bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies)
27. If applicable, specifies cost for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance, nursing care)
28. If applicable, specifies cost for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations, psychiatry, urology, etc.)
29. If applicable, specifies cost for transportation needs (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle with hand controls)
30. If applicable, specifies cost for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sports equipment and exercise/strength training)
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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98 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 10
DemoDemoDemoDemo31. If applicable, specifies cost for the client’s recreational equipment needs (e.g., adaptive skis, adaptive fishing equipment)
32. If applicable, specifies cost for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy, RET)
33. If applicable, specifies cost for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen doorways, ramp installations)
34. If applicable, specifies cost for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction, diet)
35. If applicable, specifies cost for short/long-term vocational/educational services
36. Assess the need for case management services
37. Reviews current catalogs and websites to determine the costs of needs and services
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 99
Page 11
DemoDemoDemoDemo38. If requested, work with an economist for an estimate of the lifetime costs of the LCP
39. Provide fair and representative costs relevant to the geographic area or region
40. Establish fee schedules (how much you or your practice charge) for life care planning services to be rendered
41. Use effective time management strategies when developing the life care plan
42. Apply financial management knowledge when working with clients (e.g., balance checkbook, banking, etc.)
43. Apply knowledge regarding other funding sources as it relates to legal cases
44. Identify attitudinal, social, economic, and environmental forces that may present barriers and/or advantages to clients’ rehabilitation
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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100 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 12
DemoDemoDemoDemo45. Apply knowledge of family dynamics, gender, multicultural, and geographical issues
46. Apply medical knowledge of potential complications, injury/disease process, including the expected length of recovery and the treatment options available
47. Apply knowledge of health care/medical/rehabilitation terminology
48. Review medical records from physicians, nurses, PTs, OTs, and speech therapists to assess the client’s medical status
49. Apply knowledge regarding the interrelationship between medical, psychological, sociological, and behavioral components of injury/illness
50. Synthesize assessment information to prioritize care needs and develop the life care plan
51. If applicable, recognize psychological problems (e.g., depression, suicidal ideation) requiring consultation or referral
Not Important
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Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 101
Page 13
DemoDemoDemoDemo52. If possible, maintain contact with clients in an empathetic, respectful, and genuine manner, and encourage participation
53. Apply knowledge of human growth and development as it relates to life care planning
54. Apply interpersonal communication skills (verbal and written) when working with all parties involved in a case
55. Apply knowledge of the existence, strengths and weaknesses of psychological and neuropsychological assessments
56. As appropriate, explain the services and limitations of various community resources to clients
57. Research and investigate the community to identify client-appropriate services for creating and coordinating agency service delivery
58. Recommend services that maximize functional capacity and independence for persons with catastrophic disabilities through the aging process
Not Important
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Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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102 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 14
DemoDemoDemoDemo59. As appropriate, educate clients in modifying their lifestyles to accommodate functional limitations
60. Assess the need for training in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as cooking, shopping, housekeeping, and budgeting
61. As appropriate, rely upon qualified medical and allied health professional opinions when developing the life care plan
62. Obtain regular client feedback regarding the satisfaction with services recommended and suggestions for improvement in a life care plan
63. When applicable, evaluate and select facilities that provide specialized care services for clients
64. Compile and interpret client information to maintain a current case record
65. Monitor client progress and outcomes during the life care planning process
Not Important
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Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 103
Page 15
DemoDemoDemoDemo66. Clearly state the nature of the clients’ problems for referral to service providers
67. Provide progress of life care plan development to retaining party
68. If allowed, conduct a comprehensive interview with the client, his/her family and/or significant other(s), if possible
69. Address gaps in records and/or life care plan recommendations
70. Include recommendations that are within your area of expertise
71. Address needs/preferences of the client and/or family
72. Provide list and date of responses received from life care planning referral sources
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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104 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 16
DemoDemoDemoDemo73. Apply managed care (insurance industry) knowledge when developing life care plans
74. Perform life care planning in multiple venues (e.g., personal injury, special needs trust, case management)
75. Promote and market the field of life care planning
76. Present various health care options (facility vs. home care)
77. Apply knowledge regarding the types of personal care (e.g., hospital, extended care facility, subacute facility, home, hospice) when developing the life care plan
78. Stay current with the relevant life care planning literature
79. Select evaluation/assessment instruments and strategies according to their appropriateness and usefulness for a particular client
Not Important
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Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 105
Page 17
DemoDemoDemoDemo80. Evaluate one’s own practices and compare to ongoing evidence-based practice
81. As appropriate, review/utilize current literature, published research and data to provide a foundation for opinions, conclusions and life care planning recommendations
82. Accept referrals only in the areas of you or your agency’s competency
83. Refrain from inappropriate, distorted or untrue comments about colleagues and/or life care planning training programs
84. Remain objective in your assessments
85. Disclose to the client and referral sources what role you are assuming and when or if roles shift
86. Use reliable, dependable, and consistent methodologies for drawing life care planning conclusions
Not Important
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Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
106 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 18
DemoDemoDemoDemo87. Have an adequate amount of medical and other data to form recommendation
88. Monitor to ensure that the life care planning work is performed and that it meets standards and accepted practices
89. Prepare case notes and reports using applicable forms and systems in order to document case activities in compliance with standard practices and regulations
90. Apply knowledge of clinical pathways, standards of care, practice guidelines
91. Apply advocacy, negotiation, and conflict resolution knowledge
92. As appropriate, educate clients regarding their rights under federal and state law
93. As appropriate, educate clients how to facilitate choice and negotiate for needed services
Not Important
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
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Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
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EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
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Not Important
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Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
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Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 107
Page 19
DemoDemoDemoDemo94. Keep abreast of the laws, policies, and rule making affecting health care and disability-related rehabilitation service delivery
95. Apply knowledge regarding workers’ compensation benefits within the state of injury as it relates to life care planning
96. Apply risk management knowledge as it relates to life care planning
97. Consider the worth and dignity of individuals with catastrophic disabilities
98. Abide by life care planning-related ethical and legal considerations of case communication and recording (e.g., confidentiality)
99. If appropriate, be credentialed in their area of expertise that also provides a mechanism for ethics complaint resolution
100. Avoid dual/biased relationships, including but not limited to, pre-existing personal relationships with clients, sexual contact with clients, accepting referrals from sources where objectivity can be challenged (such as dating or being married to the referral source), etc.
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
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108 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 20
DemoDemoDemoDemo101. Identify one’s own biases, strengths, and weaknesses that may affect the development of healthy client relationships
102. As appropriate, attend professional conferences
103. Apply knowledge regarding legal rules (justification for valid entries in a life care plan may vary from state to state and jurisdiction to jurisdiction)
104. Belong to an organization that reviews life care planning topics and issues, as well as offers continuing education specifically related to the industry
105. Maintain continuing education in areas associated with your life care planning practice
106. Perform program evaluations and research functions to document improvements in client outcomes following life care plan development
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 109
Page 21
DemoDemoDemoDemo107. Provide information regarding your organization’s programs to current and potential referral sources
108. Educate parties (e.g., attorneys, clients, insurance companies, students, family members) regarding the life care planning process
109. Educate and inform parties involved in settlement negotiation
110. Serve as an expert witness in a court case for an individual who sustains a catastrophic injury
111. Consult with a plaintiff attorney in the development of the life care plan
112. Consult with a defense attorney in the development of the life care plan
113. When appropriate, recommend other expert witnesses to a client’s attorney
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Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
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Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
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EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
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EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
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EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Not Important
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Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
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Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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110 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Page 22
DemoDemoDemoDemo114. When appropriate, advise the client’s attorney on the cross-examination of opposing counsel’s expert witness
115. Consider the life expectancy of the client when developing a life care plan
116. Obtain and review day-in-the-life videos of clients when developing a life care plan
117. Develop your own life care plan when consulting with defense attorneys
118. Review the plaintiff’s plan and develop a rebuttal or comparison plan when consulting with defense attorneys
119. Have a physician review the life care plan prior to submission to referral source
120. Utilize medical coding when developing a life care plan (e.g., CPT, ICD-9/10, HCPIC coder)
Not Important
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Rarely(1-25%)Important
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EssentialFrequently(76-100%)
Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Never(0%)Somewhat Important
Rarely(1-25%)Important
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Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)
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Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj
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Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 111
Page 23
DemoDemoDemoDemo121. When working with pediatric cases, keep abreast of guardian issues for protecting minors or those deemed mentally incompetent
122. Consider the impact of aging on disability and function when developing life care planning recommendations
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112 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Appendix BLife Care Planning Role and function Study
Theme 1: Advocacy - Items that represent acts or processes supporting a cause or proposalin favor of people with disabilities at the individual, community, and societal level.
44. Identify attitudinal, social, economic, and environmental forces that may present barriersand/or advantages to clients’ rehabilitation.
56. As appropriate, explain the services and limitations of various community resources toclients.
71. Address needs/preferences of the client and/or family.91. Apply advocacy, negotiation, and conflict resolution knowledge.92. As appropriate, educate clients regarding their rights under federal and state law.93. As appropriate, educate clients how to facilitate choice and negotiate for needed services.
Theme 2: Assess Independent Living Needs - Items that assess the need for tools andservices that will allow an individual to complete certain tasks without the assistance ofothers.
6. Assess independent living and adaptive equipment needs.8. Assess the need for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed, portable ramps,patient lifts).
10. Assess the need for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance, nursing care).12. Assess the need for transportation (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle with hand controls).16. Assess the need for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen doorways,
ramp installations).23. If applicable, specifies cost for independent living and adaptive equipment needs for
independent function/living.33. If applicable, specifies cost for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen
doorways, ramp installations).58. Recommend services that maximize functional capacity and independence for persons
with catastrophic disabilities through the aging process.59. As appropriate, educate clients in modifying their lifestyles to accommodate functional
limitations.60. Assess the need for training in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental
activities of daily living (IADLs), such as cooking, shopping, housekeeping, andbudgeting.
77. Apply knowledge regarding the types of personal care (e.g., hospital, extended carefacility, subacute facility, home, hospice) when developing the life care plan.
Theme 3: Community Re-entry - Items that represent the process of assisting individuals’transition back into their pre-injury/disability environment or other less restrictive long-termcare environment.
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 113
14. Assess the need for recreational equipment (e.g., adaptive skis, adaptive fishingequipment).
15. Assess the need for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy, RET).57. Research and investigate the community to identify client-appropriate services for
creating and coordinating agency service delivery.
Theme 4: Consultation Services-Legal System - Items relating to providing expertopinions for disability-related cases in litigation.
38. If requested, work with an economist for an estimate of the lifetime costs of the LCP.43. Apply knowledge regarding other funding sources as it relates to legal cases.67. Provide progress of life care plan development to retaining party.109. Educate and inform parties involved in settlement negotiation.110. Serve as an expert witness in a court case for an individual who sustains a catastrophic
injury.111. Consult with a plaintiff attorney in the development of the life care plan.112. Consult with a defense attorney in the development of the life care plan.113. When appropriate, recommend other expert witnesses to a client’s attorney.114. When appropriate, advise the client’s attorney on the cross-examination of opposing
counsel’s expert witness.117. Develop your own life care plan when consulting with defense attorneys.118. Review the plaintiff ’s plan and develop a rebuttal or comparison plan when consulting
with defense attorneys.
Theme 5: Coordination and Service Delivery - Items that ensure that client needsidentified by healthcare and rehabilitation professionals are met in a coordinated manner.
36. Assess the need for case management services.54. Apply interpersonal communication skills (verbal and written) when working with all
parties involved in a case.63. When applicable, evaluate and select facilities that provide specialized care services for
clients.66. Clearly state the nature of the clients’ problems for referral to service providers.76. Present various health care options (facility vs. home care).
Theme 6: Counseling and Services - Items that represent the process of helping theindividual and/or family/caregivers adjust to the psychological and/or behavioral impact ofdisability.
45. Apply knowledge of family dynamics, gender, multicultural, and geographical issues.51. If applicable, recognize psychological problems (e.g., depression, suicidal ideation)
requiring consultation or referral.52. If possible, maintain contact with clients in an empathetic, respectful, and genuine
manner, and encourage participation.
Theme 7: Disability Prevention-Health Promotion - Items relating to the promotion ofhealthy ideas and concepts to motivate individuals to adopt healthy behaviors and prevent
114 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
potential complications.
13. Assess the need for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sports equipment andexercise/strength training).
30. If applicable, specifies cost for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sportsequipment and exercise/strength training).
Theme 8: Equipment Needs/Assistive Technology - Items, products and technology relatedsupport services that represent the process of identifying and recommending technology usedby individuals with disabilities in order to perform functions that might otherwise bedifficult or impossible.
4. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility needs.5. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility accessories and maintenance.7. Assess the need for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces, ankle/footorthotics).
22. If applicable, specifies cost for wheelchair/mobility needs.24. If applicable, specifies cost for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces,
ankle/foot orthotics).25. If applicable, specifies cost for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed,
portable ramps, patient lifts).
Theme 9: Ethics -Items pertaining to the rules or standards governing the professionalconduct of a person or the members of a profession.
70. Include recommendations that are within your area of expertise.82. Accept referrals only in the areas of you or your agency’s competency.83. Refrain from inappropriate, distorted or untrue comments about colleagues and/or life
care planning training programs.84. Remain objective in your assessments.85. Disclose to the client and referral sources what role you are assuming and when or if
roles shift.88. Monitor to ensure that the life care planning work is performed and that it meets
standards and accepted practices.89. Prepare case notes and reports using applicable forms and systems in order to document
case activities in compliance with standard practices and regulations.97. Consider the worth and dignity of individuals with catastrophic disabilities.98. Abide by life care planning-related ethical and legal considerations of case
communication and recording (e.g., confidentiality).99. If appropriate, be credentialed in their area of expertise that also provides a mechanism
for ethics complaint resolution.100. Avoid dual/biased relationships, including but not limited to, pre-existing personal
relationships with clients, sexual contact with clients, accepting referrals from sourceswhere objectivity can be challenged (such as dating or being married to the referralsource), etc.
101. Identify one’s own biases, strengths, and weaknesses that may affect the development of
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 115
healthy client relationships.
Theme 10: Evidence-Based Practice -Items representing a systematic approach utilizingscientific or empirical evidence.
37. Reviews current catalogs and websites to determine the costs of needs and services.39. Provide fair and representative costs relevant to the geographic area or region.50. Synthesize assessment information to prioritize care needs and develop the life care plan.64. Compile and interpret client information to maintain a current case record.72. Provide list and date of responses received from life care planning referral sources. 79. Select evaluation/assessment instruments and strategies according to their
appropriateness and usefulness for a particular client.81. As appropriate, review/utilize current literature, published research and data to provide a
foundation for opinions, conclusions and life care planning recommendations.86. Use reliable, dependable, and consistent methodologies for drawing life care planning
conclusions.87. Have an adequate amount of medical and other data to form recommendation.90. Apply knowledge of clinical pathways, standards of care, practice guidelines.115. Consider the life expectancy of the client when developing a life care plan.
Theme 11: Health-Care Management - Items relating to the adherence to an individual’smedical care and optimizing health care outcomes.
9. Assess the need for medications and supplies (bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies).11. Assess the need for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations, psychiatry,
urology, etc.).17. Assess the need for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction, diet).28. If applicable, specifies cost for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations,
psychiatry, urology, etc.).34. If applicable, specifies cost for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction,
diet).65. Monitor client progress and outcomes during the life care planning process.
Theme 12: Insurance Benefits - Items that represent the provision of funding for healthcareservices.
19. If applicable, specifies cost for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individualcounseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.).
20. If applicable, specifies cost for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP,individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.).
21. If applicable, specifies cost for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g.,neuropsychological, educational, medical labs). If applicable, specifies cost formedication/supply needs (e.g., bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies).
27. If applicable, specifies cost for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance,nursing care).
29. If applicable, specifies cost for transportation needs (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle withhand controls).
116 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
31. If applicable, specifies cost for the client’s recreational equipment needs (e.g., adaptiveskis, adaptive fishing equipment).
32. If applicable, specifies cost for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy,RET).73. Apply managed care (insurance industry) knowledge when developing life care plans.95. Apply knowledge regarding workers’ compensation benefits within the state of injury as
it relates to life care planning.
Theme 13: Legislation - Items representing the understanding of legal and policy issuesaffecting individuals with disabilities.
94. Keep abreast of the laws, policies, and rule making affecting health care and disability-related rehabilitation service delivery.
103. Apply knowledge regarding legal rules (justification for valid entries in a life care planmay vary from state to state and jurisdiction to jurisdiction).
121. When working with pediatric cases, keep abreast of guardian issues for protectingminors or those deemed mentally incompetent.
Theme 14: Medical and Psychosocial Aspects - Items that represent an understanding ofwhat the future care needs are for the condition/disease/disability. These items also representthe impact of chronic illness and disability on the individual related to attitudes, social andenvironmental barriers, and prejudices, apart from characteristics of the condition andassociated functional capabilities.
47. Apply knowledge of health care/medical/rehabilitation terminology.48. Review medical records from physicians, nurses, PTs, OTs, and speech therapists to
assess the client’s medical status.69. Address gaps in records and/or life care plan recommendations.
Theme 15: Medical Background - Items that represent the process of obtaining andreviewing relevant medical information relating to the life care plan recipient’s condition.
1. Assess the need for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, familycounseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.).
2. Assess the need for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individualcounseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc).
3. Assess the need for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g., neuropsychological,educational, medical labs).
46. Apply medical knowledge of potential complications, injury/disease process, includingthe expected length of recovery and the treatment options available.
49. Apply knowledge regarding the interrelationship between medical, psychological,sociological, and behavioral components of injury/illness.
53. Apply knowledge of human growth and development as it relates to life care planning.55. Apply knowledge of the existence, strengths and weaknesses of psychological and
neuropsychological assessments.122. Consider the impact of aging on disability and function when developing life care
Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 117
planning recommendations.
Theme 16: Outreach and Marketing - Items referring to obtaining and retainingclients/evaluees/accounts as well as improving one’s professional reputation.
40. Establish fee schedules (how much you or your practice charge) for life care planningservices to be rendered.
75. Promote and market the field of life care planning.107. Provide information regarding your organization’s programs to current and potential
referral sources.108. Educate parties (e.g., attorneys, clients, insurance companies, students, family
members) regarding the life care planning process.
Theme 17: Professional Development - Items referring to the skills and knowledgeattained for both personal development and career advancement.
41. Use effective time management strategies when developing the life care plan.74. Perform life care planning in multiple venues (e.g., personal injury, special needs trust,
case management).78. Stay current with the relevant life care planning literature.80. Evaluate one’s own practices and compare to ongoing evidence-based practice.102. As appropriate, attend professional conferences.104. Belong to an organization that reviews life care planning topics and issues, as well as
offers continuing education specifically related to the industry.105. Maintain continuing education in areas associated with your life care planning practice.
Theme 18: Program Management and Evaluation - Items referring to assessing andimproving practices, policies and procedures to evaluate the success of a program, practice,or organization.
62. Obtain regular client feedback regarding the satisfaction with services recommended andsuggestions for improvement in a life care plan.
106. Perform program evaluations and research functions to document improvements inclient outcomes following life care plan development.
Theme 19: Rehabilitation Team - Items pertaining to the process of collaborating withother healthcare and rehabilitation professionals.
61. As appropriate, rely upon qualified medical and allied health professional opinions whendeveloping the life care plan.
119. Have a physician review the life care plan prior to submission to referral source.
Theme 20: Vocational Information - Items relating to the process of obtaining educationand employment, as well as successfully accomplishing work- related tasks.
18. Assess the need for short/long-term vocational/educational services.
35. If applicable, specifies cost for short/long-term vocational/educational services.
Theme 21: Life Care Planning Needs Assessment - Items that represent the process ofdetermining requirements of an individual and/or family/caregivers who are the recipient ofthe life care plan.
42. Apply financial management knowledge when working with clients (e.g., balancecheckbook, banking, etc.).
68. If allowed, conduct a comprehensive interview with the client, his/her family and/orsignificant other(s), if possible.
96. Apply risk management knowledge as it relates to life care planning.116. Obtain and review day-in-the-life videos of clients when developing a life care plan.120. Utilize medical coding when developing a life care plan (e.g., CPT, ICD-9/10, HCPIC
coder).
118 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid
Call for ManuscriptsThe Journal of Life Care Planning (JLCP), the premiere peer-reviewed and professional
journal dedicated to the specialty practice of life care planning, is seeking manuscripts forpublication. One of the Journal's objectives is to publish material that will add to the researchand knowledge base of life care planning practitioners. The Journal strives to publishinformation that is relevant and valuable to life care planners and is appropriate and accuratewithin standards in the field. Research and evidence-based articles are welcome and so arecase studies or real practice examples. Material published in the JLCP is the latest informationregarding life care planning and serves to provide academic foundation for this growingspecialty advanced practice.
The editorial team welcomes your contributions for peer review. Submissions are acceptedat all times during the year. Deadlines specific to each issue are February 15, May 15, August15, and November 15 of each publication year. Please consider contributing to this specialtypractice by submitting a manuscript. Manuscripts that are double spaced and adhere to the APA(American Psychological Association) style of professional writing can be sent as an emailattachment to Debra E. Berens, Managing Editor, Journal of Life Care Planning,[email protected].
Ethics Interface 119
Ethics InterfaceMary Barros-Bailey, PhD, CRC, CLCP, CDMS, NCC, D/ABVE
Columnist's Note: In this issue, a unique dilemma is featured and one that has importancefor all practicing life care planners. Dr. Mary Barros-Bailey has guest authored this column.Our next column will address the issue of electronic communications and ethical use anddisposal.
This column is a collaborative effort with Nancy Mitchell, Mary Barros-Bailey, DorajaneApuna, Dianne Simmons-Grab and the editorial support of Roger Weed and Tyron Elliot. Theauthor is grateful for their wisdom and collective experience. The column is meant to be aneducational forum for life care planners. It is not designed to offer an authoritative opinionfrom the editor or editorial board of the Journal of Life Care Planning, the board of theInternational Academy of Life Care Planners (IALCP), or the board of its parent organization,the International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals (IARP), nor is it designed torepresent or replace official opinions from the certifying body or other organizationsassociated with the practice of life care planning.
Ethical DilemmaRecently, one of my life care planning colleagues passed away. This colleague had a
vibrant practice and was a single practitioner. I was called by several of the referral sources totake over the life care plans on which this colleague was working. However, neither thereferral sources nor I knew how to obtain copies of the working records of my colleague. Whatare our responsibilities as life care planners and single practitioners to the maintenance ofrecords should we become disabled or pass on?
ResponseThrough personal or natural tragedy, the issues of records retention and maintenance are
the resounding issues in this dilemma, and something to which the Code of Ethics governingthose in practice settings most likely to feed into the specialty of life care planning arebeginning to take notice … some directly, others implied.
The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) states in the Code ofProfessional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors (2010) that rehabilitation counselors must,in the disclosure process, inform those receiving services of “… contingencies for continuationof services upon the incapacitation or death of the rehabilitation counselor...” (A.3.a.(5), p. 4).Likewise, the Certification of Disability Management Specialists Commission (CDMSC)states in their Code of Professional Conduct (with Disciplinary Rules, Procedures, andPenalties) (2009) that certificants “… make reasonable efforts to ensure continuity of servicesin the event that services are interrupted by factors such as unavailability, relocation, illness,disability, or death of any party involved in the case” (Rules of Professional Conduct 2.04, p.9).
This whole topic calls attention to how records are kept and maintained and thenotification of the parties as well as an In Case of Emergency (ICE) policy and provision thatcould be included in disclosure to clients/evaluees as well as referral sources.
ICE ProvisionsWho will be responsible for such administrative issues as records and finances in the event
you cannot perform the functions of a life care planner? Have you designated a reliable
120 Mary Barros-Bailey, PhD, CRC, CLCP, CDMS, NCC, D/ABVE
records custodian? Do they know how to access the records and what kinds of records securityprovisions need to be in place, such as appropriate releases? These questions call for the needto develop a business disaster/emergency plan. An online search engine query will assist youwith checklists of what to include in such a plan tailored to your needs.
When a person dies, there should be either an administrator or executor responsible forthat person’s estate. If, as described in the above dilemma, you have been asked to "take over"a colleague's caseload (either in part or in whole) upon his/her death, verify how far you cango with a transfer of documents, work product, etc. unless the executor has given approval.Mention of the desire of the life care planner in his or her will to have a certain person oragency take over that function should satisfy an executor. Where there is no will and you aredealing with an administrator, no such prearrangement can be made and the matter would haveto be negotiated with the administrator. This is an important reason to make a will. If the lifecare planner is incapacitated, an advanced medical directive is about the only way to transferrecords. If a guardian is appointed, the consent of that person or from the court through thatperson may be necessary.
Appointing an ICE contact for your practice and caseload would be a good first step indeveloping such a plan. A formal appointment letter that could be sent to the life care planner’scase list, referral sources, and/or other individuals with the need to know such informationidentifying the ICE business contact at the time of incapacitation/death is good businesspractice. Notifying evaluees/clients of the existence of this program or policy at time ofdisclosure assists in meeting the provisions indicated in practice codes of ethics.
In addition, adding narrative language or provisions to a retainer agreement as to the ICEcontact, policies, and procedures continues disclosure and allows for the transition of servicesupon incapacitation or death. An example of a retainer letter provision is:
In Case of Emergency (ICE): In the event of death or incapacitation of Mr. or Ms. LifeCare Planner, the administrative responsibilities of the business are transferred to XXXX,secretary/treasurer of the corporation, who will work closely with you to assist in financialmatters and records access and maintenance provided that an appropriate release for records issubmitted.
Records Retention and MaintenanceAvailability, access, and maintenance of records has previously been addressed in this
column as these pertain to a variety of codes of ethics for life care planners and specificprofessions including occupational therapists, disability managers, rehabilitation counselors,and related disciplines. The Standards of Practice for Life Care Planners (2006), promulgatedby the IALCP, provides very broad guidance in this regard stating, “Appropriateconfidentiality is a sensitive and important concept” (IV.A.1., p. 80). In addition, the Code ofProfessional Ethics for the Commission on Health Care Certification Standards andExamination Guidelines (2007) state, “Disability examiners and life care planners willsafeguard the maintenance, storage, and disposal of patient records so that unauthorizedpersons shall not have access to these records” (R6.4, p. 39). Further, the CRCC (2010) states,“Rehabilitation counselors are aware that electronic messages are considered to be part of therecords of clients. Since electronic records are preserved, rehabilitation counselors informclients of the retention method and period, of who has access to the records, and how therecords are destroyed” (J.6.a., p. 29). Similarly, occupational therapists are called to “Maintainthe confidentiality of all verbal, written, electronic, augmentative, and non-verbalcommunications, including compliance with HIPAA regulations” (Occupational Therapy Code
Ethics Interface 121
of Ethics and Ethics Standards, Principle 3.H, p. 6). Beyond the provisions in these professional Codes, and the HIPAA provisions we have
been aware of as life care planners since 1996 (U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices, 1996), as of January 13, 2010 additional Federal guidelines through Part III, 45 CFRPart 170 of the Department of Health and Human Services will also guide the maintenance andtransference of our records (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Thisinterim rule, sometimes referred to as the HITECH Act, includes standards that update someof the provisions in HIPAA for protected health information (PHI). In particular, HITECHrequires that those covered by the Act ensure that the systems they use are secure, can maintaindata confidentiality, and can work with other systems to share information. If securitybreaches are detected, patients must be notified. In addition, the Act calls for ensuring accessby the patient to electronic records and the accounting of disclosure of PHI to patients.
Yes, this is a lot of technology information to learn for those who are accustomed toworking in a hard copy world. What can you do, and what resources are available to you rightnow, likely at your fingertips or in your office? In addition to the above-cited Codes of Ethics,the United States Attorney General’s office recommends some of the following provisions(Simmons-Grab, n.d.):
Laptops, hard drives, flash drives, CDs, and floppy disks employ hard drive encryptionSecurity and other applications are kept updatedMobile computing devices use anti-viral software and host-based firewall mechanismsRemovable media and hard drives are processed (sanitized, degaussed, destroyed) when nolonger neededContracting firms keep an accurate inventory of devices
Some resources available may include secured off-site back up or communicationsystems. Examples include mozy.com, zipcorp, and Network Solutions or Pointsecencryption. Remember that password management protocols or programs, such as revolvingand randomly-selected passwords from a list of 20 or 30 strong passwords, might also behelpful.
Now, for how long should you keep your records? It depends on a variety of potentialcriteria. For example, HIPAA requires records retention for six years. However, there may beother jurisdictions, systems, or programs in which you provide services that may have shorteror longer time periods. Best practices recommendations suggest that you become familiar withthe records retention requirements of those systems or jurisdictions in which you practice andadhere to those, or select the most conservative of those time periods and adopt it as yourcompany policy.
References
American Occupational Therapy Association. (2010). Occupational therapy code of ethicsand ethics standards. Bethesda, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org
Certification of Disability Management Specialists Commission. (2009). Code ofprofessional conduct with disciplinary rules procedures and penalties. Schaumburg, IL:Author. Retrieved from http://new.cdms.org/
Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification. (2010). Code of professional ethicsfor rehabilitation counselors. Shaumburg, IL: Author. Retrieved fromhttp://www.crccertification.com/
International Academy of Life Care Planners. (2006). Standards of practice for life careplanners. Journal of Life Care Planning, 5(3),123-129.
International Commission on Health Care Certification. (2007). Commission on HealthCare Certification standards and guidelines. Midlothian, VA: Author. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ichcc.org/
Simmons-Grab, D. (n.d.). Letter to the U.S. Attorney General confirming technologyprovisions required of contractors with the Department of Justice.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1996). HIPAA privacy and security rulesfrequently asked questions about the disposal of protected health information. Retrievedfrom http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Health information technology:Initial set of standards, implementation specifications, and certification criteria forelectronic health record technology; interim final rule, 45 CFR Part 170. Retrieved fromhttp://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/pdf/E9-31216.pdf
New Dilemma
The new dilemma for the next issue will cover electronic communications and ethicaluse and disposal.
The Journal of Life Care Planning welcomes the submission of real world ethicaldilemmas. Submissions will be altered to promote confidentiality and be kept in strictconfidence. Please send submissions to [email protected]
122 Mary Barros-Bailey, PhD, CRC, CLCP, CDMS, NCC, D/ABVE
Journal of Life Care Planning, Vol. 9, No. 3, (123)Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved ©2010 Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.
Book Reviewby Karen Preston, PHN, MS, CRRN, FIALCP
RNS HealthCare Consultants
Peterson, A., & Kopishke, L. (Eds.). (2010). Legal Nurse Consulting Principles (3rded). Boca Raton, CRC Press, Inc. (www.crcpress.com). Cat. #: 8951X. ISBN 978-1-4200-8951-6, 730 pp., $89.95 plus shipping.
Reflecting the growing body of knowledge and complexity of the field, this edition of the“core curriculum” for legal nurse consultants has been divided into two volumes: Legal NurseConsulting Principles and Legal Nurse Consulting Practices. This volume provides afoundation for understanding the litigation process. Although intended for nurses practicingas a part of legal activities, this reference book provides information that is relevant to life careplanners from all professional backgrounds.
There are 23 chapters plus appendices, all providing detailed information. Each chapterincludes its own listing of contents and objectives, making it easy to locate topics and for thereader to focus on desired information. The material from other publications is also reprintedin the chapters, such as the Code of Ethics, various AALNC Position Statements, and asummary of the Scope and Standards of Practice. Each chapter ends with some studyquestions that appear to be designed to help analyze the material and solidify learning.However, there is no claim that the study questions will aid in preparing for any other testing,such as a certification exam.
The life care planner will find many chapters useful in understanding the litigationprocess. Basic legal concepts, legal writing, researching literature, and alternative disputeresolution are examples of chapters that would be of interest to life care planners. However,since the book is targeted to legal nurse consultants in general, there is much content that willnot pertain to life care planners. Examples of this content include issues related to cause,preparation of cases, locating expert witnesses, and acting as a support person to the attorneythroughout all phases of the case. Several of the chapters describe the unique aspects ofspecific kinds of cases, such as nursing home litigation, pharmaceutical litigation, and toxictort cases. Even though not directly applicable to life care planning, it is interesting tounderstand in greater depth the entire process and see where the life care planner fits into theprocess.
Overall, this is an important reference book for nurses involved in legal consulting,particularly for being aware of scope of practice and other documents that apply to nurses. Inaddition, this reference book may be valuable to life care planners from other disciplines whowant a good overview of the litigation process and the role of consultants.
Announcing Journal of Life Care Planning
available through online databases
Now you can access JLCP articles 24/7 through CINAHL and EBSCOhost
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature - the most comprehensive resource for
nursing and allied health literature http://www.cinahl.com/library/library.htm
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124 Announcements
Announcements and Educational OpportunitiesFor Your LEARNING Pleasure
Note: The following list is not all inclusive. The JLCP does not support or endorse theeducational opportunities listed below and provides this information solely as a service toour readers and in support of continuing education for all rehabilitation professionals. Whilewe make every effort to publish accurate information, we cannot assume liability for errorsor omissions in these listings and suggest that you verify all pertinent meeting details withthe sponsoring organization BEFORE making your travel plans or other arrangements.
SEPTEMBER2010 International Symposium on Life Care Planning"Contemporary Challenges in Life Care Planning"September 13-14, 2010. (Post-conference programs September 15-16, 2010)Walt Disney World's Contemporary Hotel, Orlando, FLFor more information: http://islcp.org/home.html
National Rehabilitation Awareness Week, September 19-25, 2010For more information: www.nraf-rehabnet.org/
2010 Academy on Spinal Cord Injury ProfessionalsSeptember 22-24, 2010Bally's Las Vegas, NVFor more information: http://www.spinalcordcongress.org/
American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine/AACPDM 64th Annual MeetingWashington, DC, on September 22-25, 2010 at the Marriott Wardman Park Hotel.https://aacpdm.execinc.com/edibo/AM10
OCTOBERJoint Meeting of the National Association for State Head Injury Administrators(NASHIA) and the North American Brain Injury Society (NABIS)"Brain Injury Partnerships: NASHIA and NABIS in the Twin Cities"October 5-8, 2010Hilton Hotel, Minneapolis, MN For more information: www.nabis.org/conference/index1.2.php
AANLCPOctober 8-11, 2010"Revolutionary Trends in Life Care Planning"The Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Boston, MAFor more information: www.aanlcp.org
Announcements 125
National Academy of Neuropsychology 30th Annual Conference"Evidence Based Neuropsychology: Laying Foundations for the Next 30 Years"October 13-16, 2010Westin Bayshore, Vancouver, British ColumbiaFor more information: www.nanonline.org
American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) - American Society ofNeurorehabilitation (ASNR)"Progress in Rehabilitation Research"October 20-23, 2010Hilton Bonaventure Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaFor more information: www.acrm.org/annual_conference/PrelimProg-Final.pdf
NOVEMBERIARP 2010 Forensic Conference"Rising to the Challenge"November 4-6, 2010Astor Crowne Plaza, New Orleans, LAFor more information: www.rehabpro.org
American Academy of PM&R "71st Annual Assembly & Technical Exhibition"November 4-7, 2010Washington State Convention & Trade Center, Seattle, WashingtonFor more information: http://www.aapmr.org/
Pacific Coast Brain Injury Conference"Real People with Real Lives"November 17-19, 2010Sheraton Wall Centre, Vancouver, BC CanadaFor more information: http://www.pcbic.org/program.php
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Convention"Leadership into New Frontiers"November 18-20, 2010Philadelphia, PAFor more information: www.asha.org/events/convention/
DECEMBERHappy Holidays from the editors and staff of the Journal of Life Care Planning!
126 Announcements
FIALCP: Do you have what it takes?
Show your life care planning experience. Show your life care planning expertise.
Show your commitment to the field. Become a Fellow.
Becoming a Fellow in the International Academy of Life Care Planners shows that you are competent in life care planning and conduct your practice in accordance with accepted standards of practice. Criteria for becoming a Fellow are:
• Minimum of 50 completed life care plans • Contribute to the field through publishing,
teaching, research, or mentoring • Participate in professional organizations • Letters of reference • Successful blind review of two plans showing
adherence to standards of practice • Participate in continuing education
“Being recognized as a Fellow of the International Academy of Life Care Planners is an accomplishment to be proud of and it certainly gives me the edge over my opponent when being qualified as an expert for deposition and trial testimony.”
Tracy Albee, BSN RN PHN LNCC CLCP FIALCP "My FIALCP adds to my credentials and designates the highest honor and distinction within my profession as a Life Care Planner."
Tracy Wingate, OTR/L, FIALCP, CLCP, MSCC, CCM, CDMS “Whether certified or not, achieving Fellow status from the IALCP underscores one’s commitment to the practice of life care planning. I consider the FIALCP a true honor.”
Roger O. Weed, Ph.D., CRC, LPC, CCM, CDMS, FNRCA, FIALCP
"FIALCP is professional peer recognition at its best!" Terri Sue Patterson RN, MSN, CRRN, FIALCP
For further information and an application, go to http://www.rehabpro.org/ialcp
Announcements 127
Are you a member of the International Academy of
Life Care Planners (IALCP)?
The purpose of the IALCP is to provide education and
leadership for professionals who conduct life care planning
and to contribute to the development of
life care planning standards, policies and practice.
Join more than 400 of your colleagues
in the life care planning field today and
experience the benefits of membership including the
IALCP Standards of Practice and a subscription
to the Journal of Life Care Planning.
For more information and
to join this organization, go to
www.rehabpro.org/ialcp
IALCP is a Section of the
International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals
1926 Waukegan Rd., Suite 1 • Glenview, IL 60025-1770
Phone: 847-657-6964 Fax: 847-657-6963
128 Announcements
Guidelines for Authors
Purpose and Objectives
The Journal of Life Care Planning publishes refereed education and research materials relevant to thepractice and processes of life care planning. The specific objectives of the Journal are as follows:
1. Publish materials which will add to the growing literature base of the practice of life care planning.
2. Provide the professional field with information regarding events and developments important to the practice of life care planning.
3. Provide a forum for the debate and discussion of practice issues.
4. Promote professional practice by addressing issues relevant to certification, ethics, standards of practice and research methodologies.
5. Promote advanced practice through the publication of preapproved continuing education feature articles.
Manuscript Preparation
Submission of articles and manuscripts consistent with the objectives of the Journal are welcome. In thepreparation of any submission to the Journal, please carefully consider the following:
1. The manuscript should be prepared in APA style. Refer to the Publication Manual of the AmericanPsychological Association, Fifth Edition (A copy may be obtained from APA, 750 First Street, NE,Washington, DC 20002-4242).
2. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate along with disk (Preferred format: DOS compatible inMSWord) to the Journal Editor.
3. Avoid footnotes if at all possible and use tables and charts sparingly.
4. Place identifying information (Name(s) of authors(s), addresses, employment, etc.) only on a cover pagein order to facilitate the blind review process.
5. It is expected that most manuscripts will need some revision or enhancement following the Journal’s review process. The final draft of a revised manuscript should be resubmitted to the Editor on disk with one hard copy.
6. Submit only original work, and never work that has been previously published or copyrighted. Please donot submit manuscripts that are under consideration at another source. Quoting from other sources is permissible, but only if carefully documented and referenced. Plagiarism in any form is considered unethical.
7. Use proper language with regard to a person’s sex and/or disabling condition.
8. All manuscripts, if published, (hard copy and disks) become property of the Journal. Manuscripts that are not published will be returned to the author(s). However, the author(s), not the Journal, are responsible for the views and conclusions of a published manuscript.
9. The Editor, and the Editorial Board, have broad latitude in deciding the disposition of an article or manuscript. Issues of relevancy, quality of writing, and adherence to the guidelines for preparation are critical. Manuscripts may be returned without comment to the author, especially if no peer review is involved.
10. Submit articles and manuscripts to Debra E. Berens, 1156 Masters Lane, Snellville, Georgia 30078, (770) 978-9212.
Publisher and EditorTimothy F. Field, Ph.D.
Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., Athens, GA
Editorial Board
SubscriptionsSubscription Rates: Published quarterly (March, June, and September & December). Individual subscriptionis US $85.00; institutional rate is US $100.00. Rates subject to change without notice. Notify IARP immedi-ately of any change of address.
Advertising: Submit ad copy in camera-ready form, of any size, to E & F, Inc. four weeks prior to a publicationdate. Rate is $150 for a full page ad; $85 for a half-page. With no exception, prepayment is required (Check, MCor VISA acceptable). Ad copy must be consistent with the stated objectives of the Journal, and may be refusedat the discretion of the publisher. The Journal, E & F, Inc., or the staff, as a matter of policy, does not endorse inany way products or services that are advertised. All ad copy becomes the property of the Journal.
Policy on Reprints: Any subscriber or reader of the Journal of Life Care Planning, without written permis-sion, may freely reprint or duplicate articles, summaries, reviews, or any other copy published in the Journalwhen used for educational and training purposes. It is respectfully requested, however, that proper acknowl-edgement and APA-style citation accompany any portion(s) reprinted, including the name and address of thepublisher: Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., P.O. Box 1945, Athens, GA 30603.
Publisher: T. Field, Ph.D., Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., 1135 Cedar Shoals Drive, Athens, GA 30605
Copyright: © 2010 Int’l Assoc. of Rehab Professionals
Doreen Casuto, M.R.A.R.N., C.R.R.N., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.Rehabilitation Care CoordinationSan Diego, CA
Paul M. Deutsch, Ph.D.C.R.C., L.M.H.C., C.L.C.P.Paul M. Deutsch & AssociatesOviedo, FL
Tyron Elliott, Esq.Attorney at LawManchester, GA
Carolyn Wiles Higdon, Ph.D.F-ASHA, CCC-SPDr. Carolyn W. Watkins, P.C.The University of MississippiOxford, MS
Rodney Isom, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.D.M.S.Rehabilitation ConsultantDenton, TX
Ann Neulicht, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.L.C.P., C.V.E., C.D.M.S.,L.P.C., D-A.V.B.E..Rehabilitation Consultant/Life Care PlannerRaleigh, NC
Karen Preston, P.H.N.C.R.R.N., M.S., F.I.A.L.C.P.RNS HealthCare Consultants, Inc.Sacramento, CA
Sharon Reavis, M.S.R.N., C.R.C., C.C.M.Health Information ResourcesGlen Allen, VA
Paula Sundance, M.D.Abilitation StrategiesSebastapol, CA
Randall Thomas, Ph.D.C.R.C., N.C.C.Natl. Center for Life Care PlanningMadison, MS
Terry Winkler, M.D.C.L.C.P.Ozark Area Rehabilitation ServicesSpringfield, MO
Andrea Zotovas, M.D., DABPMR Physical Medicine and RehabilitationJuno Beach, FL
Managing EditorDebra E. Berens, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.
Rehabilitation Consultant/Life CarePlanner, Snellville, GA
Associate EditorRoger O. Weed, Ph.D.L.P.C., C.R.C., C.D.M.S./R., C.C.M., F.I.A.L.C.P.
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
CONTENTS
Timothy F. Field 55 Editorial: The Roles and Functions of a Roger O. Weed Life Care Planner
Jamie Pomeranz 57 Role and Function Study of Nami Yu Life Care PlannersChristine Reid
Mary Barros-Bailey 119 Ethics Interface
Karen Preston 123 Book Review
Debbie Berens 125 Announcements
Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.
Volume 9, Number 3, 2010
Journal ofLife Care Planning
Special IssueRole and Function Study of Life Care Planners