Journal Critique1

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The Effect of Palm Biodiesel Fuel on the

Performance and Emission of the

Automotive Diesel Engine

Soni S.Wirawan1, Armansyah H. Tambunan

2, Martin Djamin

3,

Hiroshi Nabetani4

1 Institute for Engineering and Technology System Design, BPPT Bldg. 1,

6th

Floors, Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8 Jakarta 10340, Indonesia([email protected])

2 Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University,

Indonesia 3 Ministry of Research and Technology, Indonesia

4 Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo,

Japan

A CRITIQUE

Submitted to

ENGR. NORMAN GIOVANNI M. GUEVARRA

For

ChE ResearchUndergraduate Studies

Technological Institute of the Philippines

On

10 SEPTEMBER 2014

By

ROSENN B. AMADOCHE - 1320130



A Critical Analysis of the study, “The Effect of Palm Biodiesel Fuel on

the Performance and Emission of the Automotive Diesel Engine”

1. Thesis

Due to increase of fuel price and diminishing oil reserves,

Indonesia advances their studies on developing alternative energy

such as biofuel. Various policies which support this alternative fuel

production were: Presidential Regulation No. 5/2006 regarding the

National Energy Policy (Perpres, 2006), Presidential Instruction No.

1/2006 regarding the utilization of biofuel (Inpres, 2006), the

Indonesian biodiesel standard – so called SNI 04-7182-2006 (BSN,

2006), and the decree No. 3675K/24/DJM/2006 issued by the

Ministry of Energy land Mineral Resources.

Biodiesel by definition is a compound of methyl ester derived

from the esterification/trans-esterification process of various types of

vegetable oils or animal fats.

This study aims to measure the performance through torque,

power, specific fuel consumption (fuel efficiency) and speed; and

evaluate the emission component and its content (carbon monoxide

(CO), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide

(CO2), and NO x) of pure petro diesel, blended biofuel-petro diesel

and pure biodiesel in Indonesia through coconut. Also the, health and

economic impact of those air pollution levels.

Although from May 2006, Indonesia has been formally selling

B5 blend of biodiesel (BIOSOLAR) with the same price on subsidized

automotive diesel oil, it was accepted to have higher fluctuating price

if it’s technical, environmental and other characteristics are more

advantageous than the petro-diesel ones.



2. Methods

The testing includes 3 rooms: (1) Control and Data Management; (2)

Vehicle test; (3) Emission analysis.

(1) Control and Data Management, used to control those data collected

from emission analysis

(2) The test vehicle was a 2004 built passenger car with direct

injection, automatic transmission, and a 2500 cc capacity diesel

engine. The engine was as it is with slight modification in its fuel

delivery system for convenience of fuels changing between test

runs. The chassis dynamometer (CD) which is located in the

vehicle test room consists of a pair of 48 inch in diameter steel

roll. The roll was connected to a DC motor.

(3)

The emission analysis system consists of 5 main divisions,

namely the CVS System, the (a) handling unit; (b) the bag; (c)

the particulate; (d) hydrocarbon sampling system; (e) emission

analyzer. The function of handling system is to control the

exhaust gas circulation. The emission from CVS was collected on

the bag. The particulate and hydrocarbon sampling systems are

only used for a diesel vehicle test. The emission analysis system

consists of a gas analyzer which functions to analyze the exhaust

gas emission both from the bag or transient condition and

weighing the particulate.

2.1 The test fuel

Seven fuels are used, either pure or blended: High quality low sulfur



diesel (BO1) to obtain (B10, B20, B30, B50), Pure petro diesel from gas

stations (BO2) and Pure biodiesel (B100). The comparison of fuels used are

good since the limitations are clear and obtained from one two sources only.

3. Evidence of thesis support

The result which is demonstrates that power exerted by pure biodiesel

(B100) was lower than those by pure petro-diesel, both B0(1) and B0(2) in

all speed levels is acceptable, because the calorie content of pure biodiesel is

about 10% lower than calorie content of pure petro-diesel fuel.

Figure 3 : Power VS Speed

Power exerted by pure biodiesel (B100) was lower than those by pure petro-

diesel, both B0(1) and B0(2) in all speed levels is acceptable, because the

calorie content of pure biodiesel is about 10% lower than calorie content of

pure petro-diesel fuel. Power and viscosity is somehow correlated in terms of

the vehicle test. If the viscosity is high, inject pump will be unable to supply

sufficient fuel to supply for pumping chambers, therefore power loss for an

engine is attained. Based on the graph shown above, blended biodiesels

have higher viscosity than pure form of cocodiesel.



Figure 4: Torque vs. Speed

Torque decreased when test vehicle speed increased. Maximum torques

exerted by all test fuels were reached at a speed of around a 30 to 40 km.

Figure 5. Emission profile



Figure 6. Fuel Consumption VS Biodiesel Blending Composition

Higher viscosity of the fuel tends to reduce the quality of fuel atomization,

which could potentially give impacts to the higher emission and fuel

consumption. As CO2 decreases, Fuel consumption decreases too.



Figure 7. The effect of biodiesel on exhaust gas emission

Exhaust gas emission decreased linearly with the increasing concentration of

the biodiesel blend. Cetane number defines the NOx emission.

Table 2. Emission of biodiesel blend as compared to Euro II

regulation

4.

Contribution to the

Literature

Accordingto

Biodieselfrom

coconutoil: A

Emission Fuel Type Maximum

(g/km) (Euro II)

B0(1) B0(2) B10 B20 B30 B50 B100

HC 0.121 0.045 0.106 0.063 0.051 0.043 0.031

NOx 1.167 1.062 1.107 1.138 1.079 1.031 0.860

NOx + HC 1.288 1.107 1.213 1.201 1.13 1.074 0.891 0.9 g/km

CO 0.876 0.754 0.831 0.790 0.707 0.656 0.622 1.0 g/km

Particle 0.176 0.077 0.108 0.095 0.090 0.072 0.057 0.1 g/km



renewable alternative fuel for diesel engine.

5. Recommendations

The paper title fits well on the whole journal paper. But the objective

lacks the part on how it does it affect the health and economic status of on

which specific part of Seranga, Indonesia. But some part on economic

impact has discussed yet without particular values or costing shown.



The journal format doesn’t look appealing especially there is a skip

page, misplacing of graph as well as its title or description. Also, the

sescription wasn’t that organized, jumping from one to another, correlating

one to another which makes it little hard to understand.

Overall, the paper is well written, clear and understandable. But being

an undergraduate student, some terms are not so clear which is good in

helping us to become a better researcher.

REFERENCES

Munack, A., O. Schroder, J. Krahl, and J. Bunger. 2001. Comparison ofRelevant Exhaust Gas Emissions from Biodiesel and Fossil Diesel Fuel. In Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Journal of ScientificResearch and Development. Manuscript EE 01 001. Vol.III.

Yuan, W., A. Hansen, and Q. Zhang. 2004. The Specific Gravity of BiodieselFuels and Their Blends with Diesel Fuel. In Agricultural EngineeringInternational: the CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development.Manuscript EE 04 004. Vol. VI..

Knothe, G., J. V. Gerpen and J. Krahl. 2004. In The Biodiesel Handbook .AOCS Press, Illinois.

Md A. Hossain, et al. Biodiesel from coconut oil: A renewable alternative fuelfor diesel engine. In World academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.

Vol VI.

http://waset.org/author/md-a-hossain

http://waset.org/author/md-a-hossain

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Journal Critique1