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Journal #30. Distinctive – clearly standing out Commission – appointment to an office Stronghold – a place that is strongly protected, such as a fort Province – an area of control. Wyoming History. 10.5: Tribes and Early Wyoming Explorers. Quote of the Day. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Journal #30 Distinctive – clearly standing out
Commission – appointment to an office
Stronghold – a place that is strongly protected, such as a fort
Province – an area of control
Quote of the Day “A coward is much more exposed
to quarrels than a man of spirit.”
“I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have.”
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
3rd U.S. President (1801-1809)
Principal author of the Declaration of Independence
A polymath – he was an expert horticulturalist, politician, architect, archaeologist, paleontologist, and the founder of the U. of Virginia
Had children with one of his slaves after his wife died
Deeply in debt when he died Monticello Friend and neighbor of
Meriwether Lewis
Bonus Questions Name the 3rd and 4th Presidents of the
United States
What did the British do to our capital in 1814?
Why is the battle at Fort McHenry in 1814 so well known?
Who was the U.S. leader at the Battle of New Orleans?
Tribes in Wyoming (1800) Lived in Wyoming:
• Arapaho• Cheyenne• Crow• Shoshone
Traveled in Wyoming:• Sioux• Pawnee• Ute• Blackfeet
Cheyenne Name comes from
a Sioux word meaning “people of alien speech”
Corn farmers from Minnesota who moved out onto the plains
Moved throughout Wyoming
Longtime allies with the Arapaho
Crow Likely split from the
Hidatsa in North Dakota
Lived near the Wind, Powder, and Big Horn rivers
Enemies of the Shoshone
Sioux Major tribe who fought
the U.S. in the plains “Indian Wars”
AKA Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota
Originally from Minnesota, near the Mississippi River
Famous battles against white settlers/explorers – The Battle of the Little Bighorn
Enemies of the Pawnee Sitting Bull, Red Cloud,
Crazy Horse
Shoshone Lived in western
Wyoming, as well as Utah and Idaho
Visited by Lewis and Clark in Idaho in 1805
Related to the Sheep-eaters and Comanche
For the most part, they were friendly to whites
Enemies of the Crow, and Arapaho
Eastern Shoshone receive Wind River Reservation in 1868
Chief Washakie was the most famous
Arapaho Northern Arapaho
lived in northeastern Wyoming
Longtime allies with the Cheyenne
Enemies of the Shoshone, Ute, and Pawnee
Frequently raided their enemies
Eventually placed on the Wind River Reservation – with the Shoshone
Why Come to Wyoming? To explore
• Lewis and Clark did not enter Wyoming– John Colter came into Wyoming
• John C. Fremont• Tourism - Yellowstone
$$$ - Boom and Bust Cycles• The Fur Trade, Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
To get somewhere else• Oregon Trail, transcontinental railroad, I-80
How Did The U.S. Get The Land That Would Become Wyoming?
4 land deals
1. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)2. The Annexation of Texas (1845)3. The Oregon Treaty (1848)4. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
(1848)
The Louisiana Purchase 1803 – Thomas Jefferson pays France
$15 million for 828,000 square miles – ($.03 an acre)
Napoleon Bonaparte, “This accession of territory affirms forever the power of the United States, and I have given England a maritime rival who sooner or later will humble her pride."
The First Explorers in Wyoming
Did the Spanish reach Wyoming?• “Iron-covered” men who couldn’t be killed• Spanish sword found in a field in NE Wyoming • Probably did not happen…but maybe???
French-Canadian trappers were probably the first people in Wyoming
Lewis and Clark A group of 33 men sent west from Missouri – 32 make it
back
Official mission of the expedition• Find a water route to the Pacific• Study Indian tribes• Study plants, and wildlife• Evaluate the British and French Canadian hunters/trappers in the
area
Army Captain Meriwether Lewis is chosen by Jefferson to lead the expedition
He chooses his friend William Clark as his partner
The group returned to St. Louis in 1806
The expedition made many scientific discoveries and sparked American interest in the West
John Colter Part of the Lewis and Clark
Expedition
On the return trip, he asks for his release to return West with Manuel Lisa’s Fur Company
During the winter of 1807, he is sent out to meet nearby Indian tribes
Alone, with a rifle and 30 lb pack, he travels 500 miles in the middle of winter
He becomes the first white American to enter Wyoming, he also “discovers” and explores Yellowstone• “Colter’s Hell”
Colter’s Western Adventures
John Colter was attacked by the Blackfeet Indians 3 times during his time in the West
He uses his fur trade profits to buy land in Missouri, but dies shortly after of jaundice
The Astor Party (Hunt Party)
John Jacob Astor was the first multi-millionaire in the United States
In 1810 he decided to establish a fur trading post on the Pacific Coast
He sent two groups to Oregon, one overland and another by ship – The Tonkin
The Astor Party (AKA The Hunt Party)
The overland group travels through Wyoming in 1811 after leaving the Missouri River• Obtain 6,000 pounds of buffalo meat near Pinedale• Trade their horses for canoes in Montana• 45 of the original 60 men make it to Oregon in 1812
When the group arrives in Oregon, they discover that the Tonquin has been attacked
They send a group of men back east to tell John Jacob Astor what has happened
Robert Stuart Leads the group back
east to update Astor in 1812 – unusual because he had taken the Tonquin to Oregon
On the way back east, this group discovers South Pass, a route over the mountains
The group winters on the North Platte River and arrives in St. Louis in 1813
The Fur Trade Fur trapping had become a profitable business in
the early 1800’s
Trappers in Wyoming had a problem, how to get the furs back East?
A man named William Ashley recognizes the problem and takes out an ad in a Missouri newspaper
“A few enterprising young men”• Jim Bridger, William Glass, Milton Sublette, Jed
Smith all sign up
“Mirth, songs, dancing, shouting, trading, running, jumping, singing, racing, target-shooting, yarns, frolic, with all sorts of extravagances that white men or Indians could invent…all accompanied by whiskey drinking.” – Jim Beckworth
The Decline of the Fur Trade
Late 1830’s
Beaver are overhunted – almost extinct
Fashion changes – Silk hats replace beaver hats
Forts replace rendezvous