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Josefina Vazuqez Mota (PAN). Enrique Pena Nieto (PRI). The Presidency. Head of government and state. One 6-year term ( sexenio ) Mexico’s government= Presidential System. Presidential Powers. VIRTUAL DICTATOR UNDER PRI I nitiate legislation All legislative ideas were passed - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Josefina Vazuqez Mota (PAN)POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF YOUR
CANDIDATE/PARTYNEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF YOUR
CANDIDATE/PARTY
Enrique Pena Nieto (PRI)POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF YOUR
CANDIDATE/PARTYNEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF YOUR
CANDIDATE/PARTY
The Presidency
• Head of government and state.• One 6-year term (sexenio)
• Mexico’s government=Presidential System
Presidential PowersVIRTUAL DICTATOR UNDER PRI
• Initiate legislation– All legislative ideas were passed
• Issue decrees• Authorize new expenditures• Appointed a large number of officials
– Patron-Client system (CAMARILLAS)– Tasked to implement his ideas
• Appointed his successor (DEDAZO)– Changed in 2000– All parties have primaries
Bureaucracy
• Based on Patron-Client Network– NOT merit-based
• 1 out of every 5 Mexicans works for government (heavily PRI).– Loyal to bosses in the network.
Process for securing a passport in Mexico.http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/09/world/americas/09mexico.html
Struggles of Fox and Calderon
LEGISLATIVE• PAN presidents did not have a legislative
majority.• President’s initiatives often blocked.BUREAUCRATIC• PRI bureaucrats had all the experience• Couldn’t fill all high-level positions with
experienced PAN.• Kept many corrupt PRI
Mexican Legislature
BICAMERAL• Upper House: Senate– 128 seats– Six-year term
• Lower House: Chamber of Deputies– 500 seats– Three-year term
• Can only serve ONE TERM– Lack of legislative expertise
Mexico’s Electoral System
MIXED MEMBER PROPORTIONAL VOTING
(MMP)
• 1964: Proportional introduced
• Chamber of Deputies (500 seats)– 300 SMD (FPTP)– 200 Proportional
PARTY NUMBER OF SEATS
PRI 241PAN 147PRD 72
Green 17Labour 9
New Alliance 8Convergence 6
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES: 2009
Mexico’s Electoral System
• 32 States (Including federal district of Mexico City)
• Each has 3 senators• Each party presents a list
of two candidates.• Winning party gets 2.• Second place gets 1.• 32 other seats are
proportional.
PARTY NUMBER OF SEATS
PAN 52PRI 35PRD 31
Green 4Labour 3
Convergence 2New Alliance 1
SENATE: 2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_mexico
JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Federal and State Courts• Supreme Court– Power of Judicial Review (seldom used)– President nominates– Senate approves– Serve one 15-year term
• Becoming moreindependent
2008 Judicial Reform
CHANGES TO JUDICIAL SYSTEM
“Presumed Guilty Sheds Light”
1. Describe several of the “rights of the accused” citizens enjoy in the U.S. that are NOT protected in Mexico.
2. Mexican civil society is pressuring the government to end the violence in society. According to the reading how impacting the police and the courts?
3. What is the conviction rate in Mexico?– U.S. conviction rate is approx. 80%
Mexico: Federal System
• Thirty-One States• Federal District (Mexico City)• Each State:– Constitution– Governor, legislature, and judiciary
• Struggle to raise revenue
Interest Groups Corporatism Neo-Corporatism
• Slowly developing of a separate Civil Society• PRI Era: Co-optation– Assimilate groups into the government – Labor, business, peasant organizations
• Changes– PRI loss of power means more independent groups
finding a voice– Example: • women’s movement
Mexican Media
• Most of 20th Century– Little criticism of PRI– PRI “rewarded” sympathetic press and penalized
critics.• 1980s to Present– Increasingly independent– Multiple major media outlets• Wide range of opinions and debates
Open Net Initiative
http://map.opennet.net/filtering-pol.html
Mexico and the Catholic Church
• 80-90% of Mexicans are Catholic
SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE• 1917 Constitution: Anti-Clerical• Elites feared power of the Church
– Church could not possess or administer property.• No Catholic schools
– Church officials deprived of political expression and vote.– State could determine the number of priests per region.– Cannot wear religious garb in public.
• 1992: Amended to remove anti-clericalism
“Juarez Drug Wars.” Religion and Ethics Newsweekly
Mexican Military
• Up to 1930, military leaders dominated Mexican politics.
• PRI era instituted a civilian-controlled military.
• Today, military is heavily involved in drug wars.– Some concern about corruption
• Does not intervene in Mexican politics
Mexico: What Type of Regime?Authoritarian in 20th century under PRI.
Which of the following apply to Mexico TODAY?RATE MEXICO IN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES (1=Excellent; 5=Poor)
• Political Rights and Civil Liberties• Competitive Elections• Rule of Law• Civil Society• Civic Culture• Capitalism• Independent Judiciary• Civilian-controlled Military
EMERGING/TRANSITIONAL DEMOCRACY