JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL Y MERCADO Bday-June 19,1861 Priest who Baptized him- Father Rufino

Collantes Godfather- Father Pedro Casanas Father-Francisco Mother- Teodora Siblings(chronological)

1. Saturnina/Neneng2. Paciano- kuya of Rizal3. Narcisa/Sisa4. Olimpia/Ypia5. Lucia-her husband was denied a Christian

burial because he was r/t Rizal6. Maria/Biang7. Concepcion-died at 3 and caused the first

great sorrow in Rizal’s life8. Josefa/Panggoy9. Trinidad/Trining10. Soledad/Choleng

Genealogy:o Paternal- Domingo Lamco(Chinese)married

Ines De La Rosa(they became MERCADO)Had a son Francisco resided in Biñan and married Cirila Bernacha and became gobernadorcillo. Had 13 children and the youngest is Francisco (Rizal’s daddy)

FRANCISCO met and fell for TEODORA, a student in the College of Sta. Rosa. They settled in CALAMBA.

o Maternal-Eugenio Ursua(Japanese) married Benigna.

Had a daughter named Regina who married Manuel de Quintos(Fil-Chi)Had a daughter named Brigida who married Lorenzo Alberto(Span-Fil)Had 5 children, including Teodora (Rizal’s mommy)

Social Stability: Well-off/Principalia/IlustradosProof?

Had rented farm of rice, corn and sugarcane

Raised pigs, chicken and turkey in their backyard

Had a general goods store Had a small flour mill Has a home made ham press Has a large stone house Owned a carriage Had a private library

What kind of family were they? Religious, generous with their wealth, simple, close knit

What is Calamba? A town owned by the Dominicans, south of it is Mt. Makiling, east of it isa Laguna de Bay, north of it is Antipolo.

Who is Rizal’s Aya? A woman who was hired to take care of Rizal since he was a sickly child. Her stories to Rizal about local folklore played a role in his writing prowess.

Rizal’s first poem is Sa Aking Mga Kababata (page 16) emphasized love of language and country.

Rizal’s influences

Hereditary Env’t

Tio Jose Alberto-artistic ability Tio Manuel-physical abilities Tio Gregorio-love of books Aya Sisters-respect for women Paciano-love of justice and freedom Parents-religion

Divine Providence

EDUCATION

A. BIÑAN-8 yrs old-Paciano accompanied him-teacher was Justiniano Aquino Cruz-bully was Pedro-he had his first school brawl with Pedro-he spent his leisure hours in the studio of Juancho(a painter) who gave him drawing and painting lessons-he excelled in all subjects-left on 12.17.1870 via steamer

B. ATENEO DE MANILA-Escuela Pia- Ateneo Municipal-Ateneo de Manila-entered 06.10.1872-was almost not admitted because he was late for registration and he was sickly and underaged but was admitted because of Xerez Burgos-system of education

Divisions:Roman Empire(internos) and Carthaginians (externos)

Rankings: emperor, tribune, decurion, centurion, standard-bearer

Banners: red for Roman E. and blue for Carth.

B.1 Year I-1st professor Fr. Jose Bech-he became emperor in 1 month-he took lessons in Sta. Isabel College for

Span.-he visited his mother during summer

vacationB.2 Year II

-he received high honors-predicted his mother’s release-began reading books during summer

vacationB.3 Year III

-he had fewer achievementsB.4 Year IV

-became an interno-was under Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez

B.4 Year V-became most brilliant Atenean of his time

and graduated with honors.B.5 Extras

-he was also secretary of Marian Congregation-wrote poetry-studied painting-engaged in gymnastics and fencing

-carved a sculpture of Virgin Mary on a piece of wood-wrote his first drama

C. UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS-during his first term, he also studied Surveying in Ateneo-experienced his first taste of Spanish brutality-submitted A La Javentud Filipina to a contest and won top prize-submitted El Consejo de los Dioses and won again-founded Compañerismo, a secret society to fight against Spanish students-overall, he was “suffocated” by the UST atmosphere because of the hostility of his profs, discrimination and obsolete and repressive mode of teaching

D. SPAIN/ Universidad Central de Madrid-enrolled in both Medicine and Philosophy and Letters-spent his leisure time with the Paterno brothers-got involved in student demonstrations but was unhurt-completed his licentiate on 06.21.1884-didn’t study to earn doctorate because it is only necessary for those who plan to teach which he can’t because he is Filipino

ROMANCES1. Segunda Katigbak- went to school with

Olimpia, his friend Mariano’s sister, from Lipa, didn’t blossom because Rizal is so shy and torpe

2. Miss L-didn’t blossom because he was still thinking of Segunda and his family didn’t approve

3. Leonor Valenzuela- he sent love notes using invisible ink, stopped before proposing

4. Leonor Rivera-Rizal’s cousin, went to school with Soledad, they became engaged

5. Consuelo Ortiga y Perez-Spanish, Rizal backed out because of his engagement to Leonor and his friend was in love with Consuelo

JOURNEY TO SPAIN1. On board Salvadora(Spanish) to Singapore2. Singapore-stayed at Hotel de la Paz and went

sightseeing at the Botanical Gardens, Buddhist temples, Thomas Stanford Raffles statue

3. On Board Djemnah (French) to Europe-better service and amenities than Salvadora

4. Djemnah-passed Point Galle(Sri Lanka)5. Djemnah-Colombo(Capital of Sri Lanka)6. Djemnah-Cape of Guardafui(Africa)7. Djemnah-Aden8. Suez Canal, Port Said9. Djemnah-Naples10. Landed in Marseilles-visited Chateau

d’if(setting of Count of Monte Cristo, Rizal’s fave book)

11. Train to Port-Bau

12. Rail to Barcelona13. BARCELONA-first impression was bad but he

came to like the city

SPAIN

Secret Mission-to observe culture of Spain to prepare himself in liberating the Philippines

Wrote Amor Patrio, an article that urges the Filipinos to love their country

Became a MASON- to secure their support in his fight against friars and to gain connections

Had financial difficulties when their farm was attacked by a plague

Was a guest speaker in a banquet held in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo

PARIS (1885)

Visited Maximo Viola Worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de

Weckert(french ophthalmologist) Became close with Juan Luna

GERMANY (1886-7)

Worked under the direction of DR. Otto Becker in the University Eye Hospital

Noticed that the Catholics and Protestants lived in harmony

Spent a 3 month vacation in the house of Pastor Karl Ullmer

Began correspondence with Professor Blumentritt

Became acquainted with Dr. Feodor Jagor (scientist-traveler), Dr. Rudolf Virchow(anthropologist)

Purposes in living in Berlin: 1. to gain further knowledge in ophthalmology,2. to study further sciences and languages, 3. to observe german economy and politics, 4. to know German scholars, 5. to publish Noli me tangere

Spent his winter in poverty because no money came from Calamba

Maximo Viola helped Rizal financially and also helped to publish Noli Me Tangere

Noli Me Tangere was finally published but a chapter(Elias and Salome) was deleted to cut costs

Maximo Viola and Rizal traveled Europe together