Jordan, Jess, Alexa, Kenny, Bobby Joe The 1960's: The Era of
Change
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60s Overview 1960s was the era of change 1960s set the stage
for true progress in civil rights, womens rights, and gay rights
60s saw a massive push for equal rights for all men, women, and
children http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=7fsuOdbIXwA&
edufilter=oM8kqsb2EO05 4-MwLcRu1g http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=7fsuOdbIXwA& edufilter=oM8kqsb2EO05 4-MwLcRu1g
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TARGET
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Target Explain the roots of the civil rights movement: Brown
vs. Board of Education Little Rock Nine Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Brown Vs. Board of Education African American father tried to
enroll his daughter in a white school and the principle would not
allow it Others were trying it also with the same results They all
got together and created a case The schools quoted the separate but
equal law
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Brown Vs. Board of Education The Supreme Court declared that
this discrimination was a violation of the 14 th amendment It was
ruled anonymously From then on separate but equal in the school
systems was banned Although it was illegal it was very difficult to
enforce
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Little Rock Nine Nine black students enrolled in an all white
school On their first day there were many people protesting and the
National Guard came and would not let the students go into the
school Eisenhower stated that mob rule cannot override the
decisions of the court On Sep. 25 th the students made it into the
school for their first full day escorted by the National Guard
Slide 8
Montgomery Bus Boycott In the south buses were segregated,
blacks in the back and whites in the front Rosa Parks was arrested
for not giving up her seat to a white person Blacks refused to ride
the buses and walked instead Private Taxies were when blacks with
cars picked up other blacks that needed rides
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Montgomery Bus Boycott After a year of protest, the Alabama
District Court ruled segregation on buses was no longer allowed
They ruled that it was unconstitutional and that it violated the 14
th amendment
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1960's Culture Changes and Foreign/Domestic Issues
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TARGETS: Explain the domestic and foreign challenges facing the
US at the start of the 1960s Explain both the positive and negative
social and cultural changes of the 60s
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The Cold War Lasted from 45 to 91 US vs USSR in a possible
nuclear war Led to another Red Scare due to the threat of nuclear
warfare 63 the US, USSR, and Britain approve a treaty to halt
testing of nuclear weapons Only the halfway point of the Cold
War
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The Space Race US and USSR have an informal competition to make
it to the moon JFK urged Americans to support and help the race
Space race caused an increase in spending on research and education
in the US
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Domestic- New Push for Equal Rights in the US Protests for
equal rights begin to sweep the nation African Rights activist such
as Martin Luther King Jr. begin to spread their ideology
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Equal Rights in the US Push for equality African Americans urge
for laws against discrimination Protesting (peaceful and
aggressive) become a common thing Freedom rides break out in the US
Africans tested US citizens by challenging racist ideals (i.e. bus
seating)
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Equal Rights CONT Other minorities begin to ask for equality
Womens rights activists protest for the same treatment as a man Gay
and Lesbian activists also begin to speak out against
discrimination due to sexual orientation
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TARGET 2- Positive and Negative Cultural Changes 1960s was the
era of CHANGE Change from the pure American to a more
expressionalistic approach
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POSITIVE CULTURAL CHANGES Americans became involved in civil
rights New light is shed on unfair treatment (equal rights) New
generation begins to speak out against old traditions and racist
ideals Teens, commonly referred to as Hippies, call for a new
government policy of peace
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NEGATIVE CULTURAL CHANGES Racism gains ground due to civil
rights push New generation of teens openly promote drugs New
generation loses morals of the previous generation Sexist ideals
become evident from women activists and outdated mind sets
Slide 20
The 1960s President Kennedy remained committed to
anit-communist foreign policies inherited from the administrations
of Presidents Truman and Eisenhower. The main reason for the U.S.
involvement in Vietnam was the spread of communism. Fearing that
another failure on the part of the U.S. to stop communist expansion
would fatally damage U.S. credibility with its allies. In a result,
on May 1961, Kennedy sent detachments of Green Berets (special
forces) to South Vietnam to train their soldiers.
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Cuban Missile Crisis Thirteen days (October 14-28, 1962) Soviet
Union and Cuba vs. the United States and Turkey President Kennedy
decided on a blockade around Cuba when he found out about the
Soviets missile sites in Cuba. The US announced that it would not
permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba
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Cuban Missile Crisis Results Withdrawal of the Soviet Union's
nuclear missiles from Cuba Withdrawal of the United States' nuclear
missiles from Turkey and Italy Agreement with the Soviet Union that
the United States would never invade Cuba Creation of a nuclear
hotline between Washington and Moscow Fidel Castro's position as
Cuban leader strengthened
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Identify the Gulf of Tonkin and explain LBJs failed strategy
for the war in Vietnam Summarize the major accomplishments of LBJs
Great Society Targets
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Gulf of Tonkin Incident August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese
torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin attacked U.S. destroyers
without provocation. The U.S. destroyers were delivering
intelligence information to South Vietnam. Johnson claimed the
attack was unprovoked since it had occurred in international
waters. President Johnson had needed authority to expand the war,
and the incident in the Gulf was the perfect opportunity. Incident
led to congress passing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which
granted LBJ the authority to assist Southeast Asian countries with
governments under threat of communism.
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Johnsons Failed Strategy Johnsons strategy was to increase U.S.
involvement in the war by doing whatever was necessary to prevent
the spread of Communism into South Vietnam. As far as the actual
fighting goes, the U.S. was doing well. The failure of Johnsons
strategy was due to it not fulfilling the wants and needs of the
Vietnamese people. The Vietnamese nationalists had only wanted to
reunify Vietnam. The strategy had failed to help the people, and
mainly, it had not worked simply due to the fact that the U.S was
not prepared for that kind of war.
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LBJs Great Society The two main goals of the Great Society were
to end poverty and racial injustice. Johnson created many programs
in order to accomplish these goals. Office of Economic Opportunity-
Funded jobs corporations to help train the unemployed for new jobs
Medicare and Medicaid- Helped pay for health care for low- income
people and the elderly Civil Rights Act- Banned discrimination
based on race and gender for those looking for employment and ended
segregation in all public facilities.
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More Programs The Elementary and Secondary Education Act-
Provided significant federal aid, up to $1 billion, to public
education. It helped schools with low income children to purchase
needed material. The Voting Rights Act- Banned all discriminatory
methods that denied African Americans the ability to vote, such as
literacy tests. Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963- More
students could attend college as this act provided grants and
loans.
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CULTURE TOPICS
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Television Three channels: ABC, CBS, and NBC Colored tv was
very expensive and most people could only afford black and white
Some of the most popular shows and still well known today are
Batman, Bewitched, I Dream of Jeannie, Mission Impossible, Star
Trek, The Addams Family, Bugs Bunny, Dick Van Dyke Show, The
Flintstones, and Alvin and the Chipmunks
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Theatre and Film Musicals that were popular on Broadway were
into movies, Sound of Music and My Fair Lady Movies disregarded
tabooed topics such as sex, violence, and language This resulted in
new film codes One of the most popular movies was the James Bond
Movies, which are still very well liked today
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41lign
3VBZohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41lign 3VBZo. FADS Peace Symbol
Peace sign Yo-yos Tie-dye Smiley faces Paisley (design) Jello Troll
Dolls Chinese fire drill Drive-in theater Bouncy ball Tanning cream
Hippies The Twist (dance craze) Slot Cars Bubble Chair Ball Chair
Coco Chanel Barbie dolls GI Joe Mood Rings Surfing Lava Lamps
Twister (game) Flower power Slogan Buttons Pop art Black
Lights
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Fads
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Fashion The 1960s didn't start out with colorful clothes. They
were dully designed and looked better on older people. Then little
shops called boutiques opened selling cheap and colorful clothing
for younger people. During the decade, women started wearing mini
skirts, leather boots and fake eyelashes. Men wore Paisley shirts,
velvet trousers and high collared Regency jackets. Men also began
to wear their hair long.
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Fashion Men Crew cut hair Men's casual shirts were often plaid
and buttoned down the front. Hair became longer and wider Facial
hair became popular. Patterned tied up to 5 wide. Women Bouffant
hairstyles, Afros Knee-length dresses were required wear for women
in most public places. Mid-decade, miniskirts or hot pants worn
with go-go boots. Bright colors Turtle neck Peasant skirts and
granny dresses. Chunky shoes
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Sports in the 1960s The 1960s was a major decade for many
sports. It included some of the most unforgettable moments and
people in sports history.
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Superbowl I January 15, 1967 Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum The
Green Bay Packers won against the Kansas City Chiefs, 35-10, to
become the first Superbowl Champions in history. The Superbowl has
become one of the biggest annual sports events in America
today.
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Roberto Clemente One of the greatest baseball players in
history Awarded the leagues Most Valuable Player award in 1966 Led
the Pirates to World Series Victories in 1960 and 1971
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Wilt Chamberlain One of the greatest scorers in NBA history
Stood at 7 1 tall Scored 31,419 points over his career, which has
only been surpassed by three other players Led the 76ers to NBA
title in 1966-1967
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Arnold Palmer Became one of the greatest and most popular golf
players in the history of golf First player to win four Masters
Tournaments His golf style and personality greatly influenced the
popularity of golf. Contributed to golfs popularity as a television
sport
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Muhammad Ali An American heavyweight boxing Champion Won his
first championship in 1964 when he knocked out Sonny Liston, the
defending champion at that time. Ali has become one of the most
recognized athletes in the world.
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Cultural Topics Inventions And Discoveries
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The Laser THE LASER -The process which makes lasers possible,
Stimulated Emission, was proposed in 1917 by Albert Einstein. -No
one realized the incredible potential of this concept until the
1950's, when practical research was first performed on applying the
theory of stimulated emission to making lasers. -It wasn't until
1960 that the first true laser was made by Theodore Maimam, out of
synthetic ruby.
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- In the pitiful 1950s Dr. Willem Johan Kolff, the world's most
prolific inventor of artificial organs, implanted an artificial
heart into a dog at Cleveland Clinic. The dog lived for 90 minutes.
-In 1966, Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz rose to the challenge of creating a
better device. Unlike the 50s, Dr. Adrian performed the world's
first permanent implantation of a partial mechanical heart at
Maimonides Medical Center. ~ARTIFICIAL~ HEART THE ARTIFIAL HEART
-In the pitiful 1950s Dr. Willem Johan Kolff, the world's most
prolific inventor of artificial organs, implanted an artificial
heart into a dog at Cleveland Clinic. The dog lived for 90 minutes.
-In 1966, Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz rose to the challenge of creating a
better device. Unlike the 50s, Dr. Adrian performed the world's
first permanent implantation of a partial mechanical heart at
Maimonides Medical Center.
Slide 44
Space Flight Apollo 11 was the spaceflight which landed the
first humans, Americans Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr,
onEarth's Moon on July 20, 1969, at 20:17:39 UTC. The mission is
considered a major accomplishment in the history of exploration.
Launched from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complete 39 in Merritt
Island, Florida on July 16, Apollo 11 was the fifth manned mission,
and the third lunar mission, of NASA's Apollo program.
Slide 45
In 1961, a group of students at MIT, including Steve Russell,
programmed a game titled Spacewar! on the DEC PDP-1, a new computer
at the time. The game pitted two human players against each other,
each controlling a spacecraft capable of firing missiles, while a
star in the center of the screen created a large hazard for the
crafts. The game was eventually distributed with new DEC computers
and traded throughout the then- primitive Internet. Spacewar! is
credited as the first influential computer game. In 1969, AT&T
computer programmer Ken Thompson wrote a video game called Space
Travel for the Multics operating system. This game simulated
various bodies of the solar system and their movements and the
player could attempt to land a spacecraft on them.
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AUTO TELLER MACHINE In 1967, a British inventor named John
Shepherd Barron invented a cash dispensing machine.inventor
Slide 47
The Age of Rock N Roll
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The 60s 60s music witnessed some of the greatest acts of all
time Music went from the do- wop of the 50s to loud, in- your-face
guitars 60s music spoke out against the man (aka government), war,
and authority Music turned into a massive movement of a new
generation
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The Beatles Consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George
Harrison, and Ringo Starr Revolutionized music and its
possibilities Lyrics symbolized the new generations state of mind
(optimism) Showed youths support for drugs, peace, and
happiness
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WOODSTOCK 1969 3 Days of Peace and Music
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What was Woodstock? Music festival, lasting three days, on a
large dairy farm Youth gathered to celebrate music, drugs, and sex
Symbolized personal freedom, political pacifism, and social
optimism 400,000 in total gathered Included 3 deaths, 3 births,
countless drug overdoses, and rampant nudity
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Music of Woodstock The Who Jimi Hendrix Creedence Clearwater
Revival Grateful Dead The Beatles, Aerosmith, and Elvis Costello
all turned down playing at Woodstock (a clearly regret-able
decision)
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A True Guitar Hero: Jimi Hendrix Jimi Hendrix was the icon for
loud, imperfect rock music One of the big acts at Woodstock Known
for his stage antics including playing with his teeth and setting
his guitar on fire http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=wyGGG1I-
rf8&feature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=wyGGG1I-
rf8&feature=fvsr
