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Green Complete Streets 101
David DoyleU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
6/11/13 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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U.S. Population Growth and Land Consumption
U.S. Population Growth and Land Consumption, 1982-2027
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Expansion with Little Population Growth
U.S. Census 1950
1,389,582 pop.
U.S. Census 2002
1,393,978 pop.
Cuyahoga Co Land Use Maps Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Planning Commission
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Some Call this Phenomenon Sprawl
A form of urbanization distinguished
by leapfrog patterns of development,commercial strips, low density,
separated land uses, automobile
dominance and a minimum of public
open space.Oliver Gillham, The Limitless City
(Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002)
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Abandoned Cities
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Abandoned Suburbs
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Large Lot Development in Rural Areas
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Since 1990, GHG emissions
from personal vehicles have
risen 14% and emissions fromtrucks have risen 74%*
Buildings and transportation
together account for about 2/3
of U.S. GHG emissions.**
*FHWA Highway Statistics Series
**US EPA 2009 Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
Air Quality Impacts of Land Use
* Source: US EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory, April 2012
** Source: US EPA 2009 Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
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More than 70% of
urban water bodiesare polluted.
Dispersed
development producesalmost 50% more
stormwater runoff than
compact development.
*FHWA Highway Statistics Series
**US EPA 2009 Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
Water Quality Impacts of Land Use
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Habitat destruction
is the main factorthreatening 80% or
more of the
species listed
under theEndangered
Species Act.
Habitat Impacts of Land Use
*FHWA Highway Statistics Series
**US EPA 2009 Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
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Fiscal: Expensive for services and
infrastructure
Health: Reduced physical activity, high
rates of obesity and related diseases
Social: Race and class segregation, loss
of the public realm
Environmental: Land and resource
consumption, air and water pollution,
climate change
Why Should We Care?
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What is a Sustainable Community?
A sustainable community is an urban, suburban or rural
community that has more housing and transportationchoices, is closer to jobs, shops or schools, is more
energy independent and helps protect clean air and
water.
Sustainable development approaches can help
communities become more sustainable.
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Benefits of Sustainable Development
ApproachesReduce emissions
An EPA-funded study found that more compact development could
reduce CO2 emissions by 18-24% by 2050.*
Reduce water demand
Households use 60% of the public water supply in the U.S, but green
building practices can reduce household water use by 20%.
Improve water quality
Reduction in impermeable surfaces lessens runoff and improves
water quality and addresses flash flooding.
* Source: Urban Land Institute, Moving Cooler, July 2009.
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Green Complete Street DefinitionsA street right-of-way that, through a variety of
design and operational treatments, gives priority
to pedestrian circulation and open space over
other transportation uses.
A street that uses natural processes to manage
runoff at its source.
Green streets enrich the city streets by adding
lushness and color...help clean the air and cool
the city, while providing food and habitat for
migratory birds and pollinators.
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Whats wrong with this?League of American Bicyclists
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Or this?League of American Bicyclists
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Streets Are Inadequate
One quarterof walkingtrips take place on roadswithout sidewalks orshoulders.
Bike lanes are availablefor only about 5% ofbicycle trips.
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Streets Are
Inadequate
Too dangerous to
cross on foot..
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Streets Are
Inadequate
Uninviting for bus
riders
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Streets Are
Inadequate
Inaccessible for
wheelchair
users
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Streets Are
Inadequate
Theres no room
for people!
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Unmet Needs/Opportunities There are 56 million
walking trips in the U.S.everyday.
One in ten households donot own an automobile.
1/3 of the population do notdrive an automobile.
About one in ten trips aremade by foot or bicycle
already.
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What Pedestrians Need:Lowervolumes of motor vehicle traffic moving at slow
speeds, sidewalks, separation from traffic.
League of American Bicyclists
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SPACE!
Lack of adequate space creates hazards for bicyclists and
motorists
What Bicyclists Need:
League of American Bicyclists
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Green Complete Streets Goals
Promote a safe walkable &bikeable community
Enhance the pedestrian &bicyclist experience
Close gaps in activetransportation network fortransit, bikes, and
pedestrians Reduce pollution and
congestion on roadways
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Green Complete Streets Goals (cont.)
Use of green infrastructure (GI)to address stormwatermanagement needs:
GI supplements existingstormwater managementfacilities.
Reduces stormwaterinfrastructure and treatmentcosts.
Improves public spaceaesthetics.
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Features of Green Complete Streets
Accessible sidewalks
Ramps
Crosswalks
Signalization
Mid-street refuge
medians
Transit shelters
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Features of Green Complete Streets(cont.)
Street lights
Furnishings Signage
Street trees
Curb bump outs
Roundabouts
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Features of Green Complete Streets
(cont)
Vehicular lanes of
varying widths Parking
Bus lanes
Bicycle lanes
Road diet
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Features ofGreen Complete Streets(cont.)
Native vegetation
Curb cuts
Rain garden
Rainwater harvesting
Permeable pavement
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Benefits of Green Complete Streets
Social
Improve public safety and health
Provide access to all and mobility options
Strengthen community, connect neighbors
EconomicImprove access to places of work, school, etc.
Reduce fuel and road construction costs
Attract and retain business and workforce
Environmental
Improve air quality, reduce emissionsMitigate urban heat island effect
Improve water quality, reduce stormwater runoff
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R d di
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Road diet
League of American Bicyclists
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Road diet
League of American Bicyclists
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Road diet
League of American Bicyclists
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The key to everything is patience.
You get the chicken by hatching the egg,
not by smashing it.
Arnold H. Glasow
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Questions?
Comments?
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Contact Information
David Doyle
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
913-551-7667
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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]