Jonathan WoodyJoey Bonitati

Cecilia Rodriguez2nd period

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• Son of King Philip II of Macedonia• Son of Olympias• In 336 B.C., he becomes king of Macedonia • Was the first king to be called “Great”• His parents hired Aristotle to be his

personal tutor at the age of 13• Ruled for 12 years• Became king of Macedonia at 20

years oldkidspast.com

• Alexander the Great (Alex) dealt with Thebes and Athens, two cities in Greece.

• Thebes and Athens thought that he was dead and thought the time was right to separate from Macedonia

• Alex marched up to the gates of Thebes and told them it wasn’t too late to change their minds

• The next day, Alex’s general, Perdicas, attacked the gates of Thebes

• Macedonians then stormed the city, killing almost everyone in sight, women and children included

• They plundered, sacked, burned, and razed Thebes as an example to the rest of Greece

• Greece remained under Macedonian control

• Alex began his war against Persia in the spring of 334 BC by crossing the Hellespont (modern Dardanelles) with an army of 35,000 Macedonians and 7,600 Greeks

• The Macedonian army soon encountered the Persian army under King Darius III at the crossing of river Grancius

• Alex’s forces defeated the enemy (totaling 40,000 men)

• At the Battle of Issus, Alex encountered King Darius III for the second time at a mountain pass at Issus

• Darius fled northward, abandoning his mother, wife, and children to Alex, who treated them with respect due to royalty

• In the next year Alex marched down the Phoenician coast and received surrenders of all the major cities there except for Tyre, which surrendered 7 months later to Alex

• Alex entered Egypt in 331 BC

• For his greater glory, Alexander founded some 70 cities in the lands he conquered and ordered them named after himself (Alexander or Alexandria)

• Alex was made pharaoh voluntarily by the Egyptians, who despised living under Persian rule

• Alex refused a peace offer with the Persian Empire because he wanted to conquer the whole empire

• Alex reorganized his forces at Tyre and started for Babylon with an army of 40,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry

• Alex conquered lands between Tigris and Euphrates rivers and found the Persian army

• (nts)• Alex was proclaimed King of Persia, and he

appointed mainly Persians as provincial governors

• (nts)

• Alex continued his pursuit of King Darius III and finally found him dead on his couch assassinated by his own men

• Alex had the assassins executed and gave Darius a royal funeral

• (nts)• The Indians were defeated in a fierce

battle, even though they fought with fear-inducing elephants, which the Macedonians had never seen before

• Alex captured Porus, and, like the other local rulers he had defeated, he allowed him to continue to govern his territory

• Alex even subdued an independent province and granted it to Porus as a gift

• (nts) davecullen.com

Alex & his horse; Bucephalus

• On his trip to reach the Ocean on the southern edge of the world, Alex sought out the Indian philosophers, the Brahmins(who were famous for their wisdom) and debated them on philosophical issues

• Alex became legendary for centuries in India for being both a wise philosopher and a fearless conqueror

• (nts)

• In the spring of 324 BC, Alex and 80 close associates married Iranian noblewomen

• He established training programs to teach Persians about Greek and Macedonian culture

• He married Roxane, a Persian

• (nts)• Alex died at the age of 33 on June

10, 323 BC• Alex died without designating a

descendant• His death opened the anarchic

(chaotic) age of the Diadochi, and the Macedonian empire eventually ceased to exist mrdowling.com

Alex’s Empire after his Death

• After his death, Alex’s empire fell apart almost immediately.

• (nts)• Pieces of the empire went to Alex’s strongest generals:• 1) Antigonus won Greece• 2) Seleucus won a portion of the Persian Empire• 3) The richest prize, Egypt, went to Ptolemy• (nts)• Lesser states, especially in Asia Minor, were also ruled by

Greeks.• (nts)

Alexander’s coin

• Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History. N.p.: McDougal Littell, n.d. Print.

• //Macedonia FAQ: Alexander the Great//. Macedonia.org, 2000. Web. 14 Dec. 2010. </span> <http://faq.macedonia.org/history/alexander.the.great.html >.

• ANCIENT WORLD LEADERS:ALEXANDER THE GREAT:Arthur M. Schlesinger, jr.

• Anatolia. "Alexander the Great." Anatolia. Thracian Ltd., Jan. 2006. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://www.ancientanatolia.com/historical/alexander_great.htm>.

• Knox, E.L. Skip. "History of Western Civilization." Alexander the Great. Boise State University, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/westciv/alexander/>.

• Whitten, Chris. "interesting.com." Alexander the Great. Chris Whitten, 2001. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://www.interesting.com/stories/alexander/>.