NSL/ISSN/INF/2012/1270 Dated: May 31, 2012

Dr. R. Sambhu,Indian Dental Association, Marthandam BranchTrivandrum

Dear Sir/ Madam, We are happy to inform you that the following serial(s) published by you has been registered and assigned ISSN (Print)ISSN 2278 4217 JOMIDA Journal of Marthandam Indian Dental Association It is important that the ISSN should be printed on every issue preferably at the right hand top corner of the cover page.

The Indian National Centre will be responsible for monitoring the use of ISSN assigned to Indian Serials and for supplying up to-date data of the same to the International Centre for ISSN, Paris. For this purpose we request you to send us the forth coming issue of your serial on complimentary basis.We solicit your co-operation in this regard.

Yours SincerelyDr.Karthiga Kannan

Dear friends ndMeeting the readers of JOMIDA through 2 issue gives me immense pleasure, feel of pride and

joy. With the enchanting successful launch of JOMIDA on our branch inauguration day and blessings from god almighty, I put on record the wholehearted support, cooperation and valuable input from all the IDA members made it possible.

It's my pleasure and privilege to write this message on this issue, praising the contributors and experts of this journal. The editor has done a great job. I hope the upcoming issues will also be an insatiable academic feast. Find it free to send your critics and feedback so that any shortcomings may be subjected to be corrected. Very short but truthful lines Get a person like a mirror, because when you cry it never laugh.

Jaihind.

Dr.S. Subramonian Hon. Secretary

IDA Marthandam Branch

REJUVENATING DARK DENTAL RADIOGRAPHS

1 2Arunkumar Shadamarshan , G.V. Murali Gopika Manoharan, 1 2 Intern, Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Tamilnadu Govt. Dental College and Hospital,Chennai.

Introduction

Dark radiographs are one of the most common errors encountered in manually processed dental radiography. Dark radiographs may be produced as a result of a faulty exposure or faulty processing. Any increase in the radiographic exposure parameter that increases the number of photons reaching the film will increase the radiographic density. Thus, increase in the tube voltage, tube current, exposure time and decrease in the source to film distance beyond recommendations will cause darkening of radiographs. During chemical processing, increased concentration and temperature of developer, overdevelopment and under fixing can lead to

1increased image density beyond the diagnostic range. Dark radiographs at most times are of very poor diagnostic quality if at all they are readable. This necessitates a repeat radiographic examination which unnecessarily contributes to exposure especially if the previous darkening was already due to an increased exposure or increased developing time. Unnecessary repetition of radiographs produces unwanted radiation exposure to the patient, which is against ALARA ( As Low As Reasonably Achievable) concept. Nevertheless, it might prove to be a potential cause for malpractice complaints in this era of growing concern about radiologic safety and concern among patients. Wastage of time, money and material are also obvious in such cases.

Methods of lightening dark radiographs

Several methods have been described in literature to render these dark radiographs diagnostically useful. Though these techniques have been quite successful, they are not being highlighted in any of the contemporary text books possibly due to the ingress of digital radiography. In spite of the advent of digital radiography, manually processed radiography still continues to be of widespread use in many of the developing and the underdeveloped nations. Even in areas where digital radiography is popular, manual processing still remains a standby. These methods can be grouped as Emulsion-removal methods, Silver-removal methods, Duplicating film methods and Digital Image editing methods.Emulsion- removal methods can be either purely mechanical or chemico-mechanical. Simple scratching of one side emulsion (in a double emulsion film) by using a knife or brush after soaking in water for softening the emulsion falls into the mechanical category. This is a simple method that can be used in any clinical or hospital setting without any use

2of chemicals . To aid in the removal of emulsion, one side of the emulsion can be soaked in house hold bleach or hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes and then scraped using a brush or knife. However, this method carries the potential disadvantage that any chemical reaching the opposite emulsion

3will render only a blank radiographic base .

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The field of fixed prosthodontics has undergone tremendous advancements during the past two decades. The recent technological developments have made this discipline very attractive to the public and more and more people are demanding a fixed replacement for their lost teeth. Along with the widespread popularity enjoyed by this discipline there are also many budding complications that may or may not be correctable. This article tries to spread light on the various complications that a clinician may come across during the various steps in fixed denture prosthodontic therapy.

A complication can arise during any phase of fixed treatment. Broadly they are divided into those that develop during (1) preprosthetic,(2) preparation, (3) impression, (4) restorative and (5) maintenance phase.

I .PREPROSTHETIC PHASE During the preprosthetic phase one may come acrossComplications related to a)Allergy to latexb)Complications associated with gingivectomyLatex allergy

Typically two types of allergies are manifested against latex Type I and Type IV. Type I is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction initiated by exposure to low molecular weight soluble proteins in latex which may enter the body through cutaneous, mucosal, parenteral or inhalational routes. Latex proteins may adhere to cornstarch powder or

1glove powder which may be aerosolized on removal of the gloves . Whereas Type IV reactions are delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions limited only to the area that is covered by gloves. The allergens responsible for the reaction are the accelerators (thiurams, mercapto benzothiazoles, carbamates) and antioxidants that are added during glove manufacturing. Use of glove liners and synthetic alternative gloves made from styrene and butadiene (Duraprene [Neoprene(polychlorophene), Baxter], Pure Advantage [Nitrile (butadiene copolymer), Tilloston], Allegrad [styrene butadiene copolymer, Allegrad] ) can avoid the occurrence of latex allergy. Complications associated with gingivectomy Inadvertent gingivectomy procedures with crown margins placed too close to the attachment will result in gingival inflammation progressing to periodontal abscess. Gingivectomy procedures are usually carried out when the depth of the sulcus is 2mm or greater. This allows for removal of gingival tissue such that the depth of the sulcus will be 1.5mm. Hence subgingival margins of the crown maybe placed atleast 1mm away from

2the epithelial attachment while extending 0.5mm into the sulcus . But when the depth of the sulcus is less than 2mm surgical crown lengthening with osseous recontouring is indicated. A violation of biologic width will cause tissue discomfort when the margins are assessed with a periodontal probe. In these cases a surgical flap should be raised and bone moved away from the crown margins. The use of Er:YAG lasers enables allows establishment of biological width without raising a flap and impressions

3can be made in the same appointment .

Fluorescence Spectroscopy Fluorescence Spectroscopy is an electronic device used to study the characteristics frequency spectrum of the material to derive information about its structures and internal processes.The fluorescence spectrum is measured by recording the emission intensity as a function of the emission wavelength subsequent to photo-excitation by a mono-chromatic light beam.The fluorescence spectroscope consist of (Fig:2)1.A light source to excite the sample in a cuvette.2.A colour spectral analyser.3.A photo detector along with electronic devises to measure the fluorescence signal. There are many types of light sources that can be used to photo-excite samples.They are a.Lamps Tungsten,Mercury-vapor,Xenon and Xenon-mercury.b.Lasers CW Argon-ion laser, CW Nd: YAG laser,CW dye laser, CW semi-conductor laser, pulsed Nd: glass, Nd: YAG laser. Different types of colour analysers are used to disperse the fluorescence emission and to study the spectrum emission. They are1.Filters.2.Prism Spectrometer.3.Grating Spectrometer.4.Interferometer.

The Holistic Dental Association has been providing support and guidance to practitioners of holistic and alternative dentistry, as well as informing the public of the benefits of holistic dentistry for their health and well-being. Our purpose is to provide information and guidance to those persons seeking to participate in their own health care and to help in the continuing education of practitioners who have a desire to expand their knowledge and awareness. Dentists can use homeopathic medicines in everyday practice as an adjunct to conventional treatment. The inclusion of homeopathic medicine in a dentist's therapeutic armoury is particularly useful for a range of treatments, from relatively mild acute conditions to complex chronic pathologies. Some of these conditions have historically been shown to be difficult to treat or manage: for example, dental anxiety, atypical facial pain, burning mouth syndrome and post-extraction osteitis. Success has also been achieved in the treatment of chronic conditions where conventional treatments have failed or are contra-indicated and which include the management of lichen planus and recurrent infection.Homoeopathy is not a replacement or alternative to good clinical dental care but is used alongside conventional treatments and drug regimens.

Homoeopathy offers:1.Effective treatments to reduce pain and swelling after injections and extractions 2.Remedies to treat dental abscesses3.Remedies that will cure ulcers. cold sores etc 4.Remedies that will relieve toothache Homoeopathy improves patient experience by:1.Helping them to relax2.Reducing discomfort and pain 3.Eliminating unpleasant side effectsHomoeopathy Remedies

Sjgren's syndrome Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus

ANA-Antinuclear Antibodies: Detection of ANA in serum is done by latex, ELISA and by immunoflorescence Immunoflorescence is the standard screening technique. The results if positive can be confirmed by Western Blotting.

Vasculitic phenomenon can be demonstrated by Immunoflorescence for p & c ANCA (Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody)

Autoimmune diseases directly seen in Dentistry