©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Living Psychology by Karen Huffman with Gary Piggrem PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter

©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

Living Psychologyby

Karen Huffman with Gary Piggrem

PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation

Chapter 15: Living Psychology in a Global Economy

Judith Phillips, Palomar College


Lecture Overview

Communication Leadership Persuasion Conflict Living Psychology- Improving

Communication and Coping With Conflict


Communication: Module 15.1

Communication: interdependent process of sending, receiving and understanding messages;


The Communication process 7 important elements exist in all

forms of communication: 1. The sender (who initiates the

message) and the receiver (for whom the message is targeted);

2. The message,3. Encoding- what the sender does;4. Decoding- what the receiver does;5. Channels- the means by which the

message is communicated;


Channels of information flow in 3 different directions:

6. Noise- stimuli that interfere,

7. Context- the environmental conditions surrounding the communication.


Non Verbal Communication:

the process of sending and receiving messages through means other than words;

• Includes:– Kinesics (gestures and body language); – Proxemics (physical and personal

space);– Paralanguage (how words are spoken);


Male/Female differences in communication


Leadership: Module 15.2

Leadership: using interpersonal influence to inspire or persuade others to support the goals and perform the tasks desired by the leader.

• 3 major leadership styles: trait, situational, functional;


1. Trait perspective- leadership results from specific inherited personality traits;

• These trait include- – Drive, honesty and integrity;– Expertise and leadership motivation;– Flexibility (single most important

trait);


• Charismatic leaders possess a compelling vision that transforms followers’ beliefs, values & goals;


2. Situational perspective: the environment (both time in history and needs of followers) produces the leader;

• 3 major styles found:– Autocratic leader- makes all major

decisions, assigns task to followers and demands full obedience;


– Democratic leader- encourages group discussion and group decision making;

– Laissez-faire leader- minimally involved with decision making & encourages workers to make their own decisions and manage themselves;


3. Functional perspective- emphasizes the behaviors that leaders exhibit which contribute to the group’s functioning;

• 2 types:– Task-oriented leader- helps a group

complete a task or reach a goal;– Relationship-oriented leader- helps

maintain group morale, satisfaction and motivation;


Leadership and Bases of Power


Persuasion: Module 15.3

Persuasion: communication intended to change attitudes;

• 4 major elements of persuasion-– Who- the source in communication; – What- the communication message;– To Whom- the audience;– How- the channels and methods;


Several important elements of how:• repeated exposure• classical conditioning• foot in the door technique• the door in the face- beginning with a

very large request followed by a smaller request;

• low balling- getting someone to commit to an attractive proposal before revealing hidden costs;


• bait & switch: offering an attractive proposal, then making it unavailable or unappealing and offering a more expensive alternative;


Routes to persuasion


Conflict: Module 15.4

Conflict: having to choose between 2 or more competing goals;

Can be: • dysfunctional (destructive) or

functional (constructive); • intrapersonal or interpersonal; – 2 major types of interpersonal conflict

are substantive (deals with goals or means) or emotional (between individuals);


Sources of conflict


Living Psychology- Improving Communication and Coping With Conflict: Module 15.5

Improving communication skills by overcoming 6 barriers that block communication:

1. Physical distractions such as music and sounds;

2. Perceptual set- readiness to perceive, based on expectations;


3. Semantics- poor choice of words, use of emotionally charged words, and inappropriate use of technical jargon;

4. Mixed messages;5. Status differences between

communicating individuals;6. Communication overload;


Communication skills and strategies for better communication:

• Know your audience;• Use active and empathic listening;• Ask for feedback;


Conflict Resolution Skills

5 main approaches:• Avoidance- pretending a conflict

doesn’t exist;• Accommodation- focusing on areas

of agreement;• Compromising,• Authoritative command- an outside

authority imposes a solution;


• Collaboration- all parties problem solve and put their own interests behind them;

Documents

©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Living Psychology by Karen Huffman with Gary Piggrem PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter