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INSPIREINSPIREDirective of the European Parliament and the Council Directive of the European Parliament and the Council

establishing an establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European CommunityInfrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community

John PepperJohn Pepper

United Kingdom United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeHydrographic Office

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Bringing data and services together Bringing data and services together through a Spatial Data Infrastructurethrough a Spatial Data Infrastructure

Data and services easily

discoverable and accessible to

users

Like a road infrastructure makes it possible to connect

different places, a spatial data infrastructure makes it possible to connect data and services located at

different sources

Easier development of new applications

and services

InstitutionalInstitutional frameworkframework

Information Information ServicesServices

Fundamental Fundamental data setsdata sets

Technical Technical standardsstandards

ComponentsComponents

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Why INSPIRE? Why INSPIRE? Increasing number of environmental policies Increasing number of environmental policies

that have a strong spatial dimensionthat have a strong spatial dimension

• Marine thematic strategy• Thematic strategy on natural resources and on recycling• New soil monitoring system• Revision of SEVESO Directives on hazardous substances• Proposal for Directive on control of pipelines • Integrated Coastal Zone Management• The revised forest monitoring regulation• Noise Directive• Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) • European Action programme on flood risk management

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Example: Proposed Directive on the Example: Proposed Directive on the Assessment and Management of Floods (2006)Assessment and Management of Floods (2006)

• In the period 1998-2002 floods comprised 43% of all disaster events in Europe– 100 major floods– 700 dead– Half a million displaced people– 25 billion Euros uninsured economic loss

• Along the Rhine, 10 m people live in areas liable to extreme flooding, potential damage estimated at 165 bn. Euros

• 101,000 kms of coastline, population doubled in last 50 years. Assets within 500 mt of coast = 500-1000 bn euros.

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70% of all fresh 70% of all fresh water bodies in water bodies in Europe are part of Europe are part of a trans-boundary a trans-boundary river basin !!river basin !!

Risk assessment Risk assessment is compounded by is compounded by problems related problems related to quality of land to quality of land use data, use data, protected areas, protected areas, etc.etc.

Agreement that a common Agreement that a common strategy is neededstrategy is needed

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Past approaches have limitationsPast approaches have limitations• CORINE “Coordination of Information on the Environment” -

85/338/EEC: Council Decision 27/6/1985 – Experimental project for gathering, coordinating and ensuring the

consistency of information on the state of the environment and natural resources in the Community

• Problems:– Variable data access policy– Lack of consistency with other data– Irregular updating– No long term perspective– Lack of quality/reliability– Lack of synchronization

with other MS data

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NATURA 2000NATURA 2000• Directive 92/43/EEC and

97/62/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora– SCI (Sites of community

importance)– SAC (Special Areas of

Conservation)

• Directive 78/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds– SPA (Special Protection

Areas)

Natura 200022.500 areas, 12-15% of the EU15

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What are the problems?What are the problems? Different quality and

different types of attribute information• Data compiled by

Member States:– Paper map / site– Descriptive database– Digital Spatial data

• Data are validated and integrated by DG ENV

• Data sources:– In general 1/100.000,

on topographic maps– Exceptionally 1/250.000

(very large sites)– Often 1/25.000 –

1/1.500 (cadastre)

Activities

•Agricultural structures

•Landfill, land reclamation and drying out

•Professional fishing

•Modification of cultivation practices

•Continuous urbanisation

Area = 67 ha

Species

•Falco Subbuteo

•Rhinolophus Hipposideros

•Lycaena Dispar

•Bombina Variegata

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Natura2000 Data harmonisation Natura2000 Data harmonisation problems problems

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Data utilization problemsData utilization problems

Natura2000 – Typical Questions

• In which administrative region is the site?

• Major roads running through the area?

• Variation of altitude and slope?

• Location of nearest villages and cities?

• How are the land cover and land use distributed?

• Where are potentially polluting nucleus’ situated?

• Is there an area eligible for Community funding? Only data of poor quality are available to

answer those questions….

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But good local dataalready exist and are

accessible !

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EC Proposal for a Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the

Community – INSPIRE

In Summary:In Summary:Environmental Needs• Better information needed to support

policies [6EAP]• Improvement of existing information

flows• Diversity across regions to be

considered• Revision of approach to reporting and

monitoring, moving to concept of sharing of information

Situation in Europe• Data policy restrictions• Lack of co-ordination across borders and

between levels of government • Lack of standards incompatible

information and information systems• Existing data not re-usable

fragmentation of information, redundancy, inability to integrate

Environmental data• 90% of is linked to geography• Out of 58 data components needed for

environmental policy :– 32 are multi-sectoral – 16 are environmental only– 10 are related to other sectors

• These 32 components allow to: – link different ENV themes together: policy

coherence– link with other sectors: integration

source EEA

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• INSPIRE lays down general rules to establish an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment.

– This infrastructure shall build upon infrastructures for spatial information established and operated by the Member States.

• INSPIRE does not require collection of new spatial data – electronic format

• INSPIRE does not affect Intellectual Property Rights

INSPIRE DirectiveINSPIRE DirectiveGeneral ProvisionsGeneral Provisions

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INSPIRE COMPONENTSINSPIRE COMPONENTS

• METADATA

• INTEROPERABILITY OF SPATIAL DATA SETS AND

SERVICES

• NETWORK SERVICES

• DATA SHARING (policy)• COORDINATION AND COMPLEMENTARY MEASURES –

Monitoring & Reporting

INSPIRE is a Framework Directive

Detailed technical provisions for the issues above will be laid down in Implementing Rules (IR)

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WhatWhat Kind of Spatial Data ? Kind of Spatial Data ?

• Whose ? - Spatial data held by or on behalf of a public authority operating down to the lowest level of government when laws or regulations require their collection or dissemination

• Which data ? - INSPIRE covers 34 Spatial Data Themes laid down in 3 Annexes – (required to successfully build environmental information systems)

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INSPIRE Spatial Data ScopeINSPIRE Spatial Data Scope

Annex I

1. Coordinate reference systems

2. Geographical grid systems

3. Geographical names

4. Administrative units

5. Addresses

6. Cadastral parcels

7. Transport networks

8. Hydrography

9. Protected sites

Annex II

1. Elevation

2. Land cover

3. Ortho-imagery

4. Geology

Harmonised spatial data specifications more stringent for Annex I and II than for Annex III

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Annex III1. Statistical units2. Buildings3. Soil4. Land use5. Human health and safety6. Utility and governmental

services7. Environmental monitoring

facilities8. Production and industrial

facilities9. Agricultural and

aquaculture facilities10.Population distribution –

demography

11. Area management/restriction/regulation zones & reporting units

12. Natural risk zones13. Atmospheric conditions14. Meteorological geographical

features15. Oceanographic geographical

features16. Sea regions17. Bio-geographical regions18. Habitats and biotopes19. Species distribution20. Energy Resources21. Mineral resources

INSPIRE Thematic ScopeINSPIRE Thematic Scope

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Why are all these themes needed ?Why are all these themes needed ?- Just another example ....- Just another example ....

Creation of SDI to assist in the analysis ofhealth impacts

• Exposure Data• Health Data• Socio- economic data• Geographical data• Environmental data

Air Pollution and Cancer -

Air Pollution Cancer Cases

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INSPIRE Data Sharing PolicyINSPIRE Data Sharing Policy• Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing

of data and services between public authorities for public tasks relating to the environment without restrictions occurring at the point of use.

• Public authorities may charge, license each other and Community institutions provided this does not create an obstacle to sharing.

• When spatial data or services are provided to Community institutions for reporting obligations under Community law relating to the environment then this will not be subject to charging.

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From Commission proposal to From Commission proposal to Community Directive implementationCommunity Directive implementation

• Preparatory phase (2004-2006)– Co-decision procedure– Preparation of Implementing Rules

• Transposition phase (2007-2008)– Directive enters into force– Transposition into national legislation– INSPIRE Committee starts its activities– Adoption of Implementation Rules by Comitology

• Implementation phase (2009-2013)– implementation and monitoring of measures

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MetadataMetadata

Member States shall create metadata and keep them up to date

• Metadata shall include:– Conformity with IR on interoperability – Conditions for access and use– Quality and validity– The public authorities responsible– Limitations on public access

• Once Implementing Rules adopted:– Created within 2 years for Annex I, II– Created within 5 years for Annex III

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Interoperability of Interoperability of spatial data sets and services (1)spatial data sets and services (1)

Implementing Rules shall be adopted for interoperability and where practical for harmonisation of spatial data sets and

services• Based on relevant user requirements• Integrate existing international standards, if appropriate• Feasible, proportionate, cost-benefit into account (Member

States shall provide information on request)• Member States shall once IR adopted:

– Make services and new data conform within 2 years– Make other spatial data still in use conform (can be done through

transformation service) within 7 years

• Stakeholders shall be given opportunity to participate in development of this Implementing Rule

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Interoperability of Interoperability of spatial data sets and services (2)spatial data sets and services (2)

• Harmonised data specifications– Annex I, II, III:

• definition and classification of spatial objects• geo-referencing

– Annex I, II:• common framework of unique identifiers for spatial objects;• relationship between spatial objects;• key attributes and corresponding multilingual thesauri;• Information on the temporal dimension of the data;• how to exchange updates of the data.

• 3rd parties shall have access to these specifications at conditions not restricting their use

• Cross-border issues shall be agreed on

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Network ServicesNetwork Services

Member States shall operate a network of the following services available to the public for data sets and services for which metadata has been created:

• Discovery services; No charge• View services; No charge (exceptions)• Download services; • Transformation services, • Services allowing spatial data services to be invoked

- Access to services may be restricted

- Services shall be available on request to 3rd parties under conditions

- Implementing Rules will be adopted (cost-benefit considerations)

- INSPIRE GEO portal shall be established – Member States geo-portals

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INSPIRE INSPIRE Roadmap (Roadmap (1/3)1/3)

Mile-stone

Description

2007 X Entry into force of INSPIRE Directive

2007 X+3m Establishment of the INSPIRE Committee

2007 X +1y Implementing Rules for the creation and up-dating of the metadata

Implementing Rules for discovery and view services

Implementing Rules for monitoring and reporting

Implementing Rules governing access and rights of use to spatial data sets and services for Community institutions and bodies

2009 X + 2y Implementing Rules for download and invoke services

2009 X + 2y Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and for the exchange of Annex I spatial data

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Mile-stone

Provisions of Directive are brought into force in MS (transposition date)

2009 X + 2y Designation of responsible public authorities for spatial data sets and services

2009 X + 2y Implementation of data sharing framework of spatial data sets and services between public bodies

2009 X + 2y Implementation of provisions on monitoring

2010 X + 3y Metadata available for spatial data corresponding to Annex I and Annex II spatial data

2010 X + 3y Discovery and View Network services are operational

2010 X + 3y Member States’ First Report to the Commission. From then onwards MS have to present reports every 3 years

INSPIRE RoadmapINSPIRE Roadmap (2/3) (2/3)

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INSPIRE INSPIRE Roadmap (Roadmap (3/3)3/3)Mile-stone Provisions of Directive are brought into force in MS (transposition

date)

2011 X + 4y New or updated spatial data sets available in accordance with Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex I spatial data

2011 X + 4y Download Network Service operational for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex I spatial data

2012 X + 5y Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and for the exchange of Annex II and Annex III spatial data

2013 X + 6y Metadata available for Annex III spatial data

2014 X + 7y Commission’s report to the EP and the Council. From then onwards the Commission has to present reports every 6 years

2016 X + 9y All spatial data sets in use available in accordance with Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex I spatial data

2019 X + 12y All spatial data sets in use available in accordance with Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex II and Annex III spatial data

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Implementing INSPIREImplementing INSPIRE• Needs to consider the broader context of existing

initiatives which could contribute • Interfaces with initiatives GMES, GEO/GEOSS,

GALILEO, global developments of spatial data infrastructures

• Bottom-up implementation by Spatial Data Interest Communities, SDIC

• SDIC bundle the human expertise of users, producers and transformers of spatial information, technical competence, financial resources and policies. Many SDIC exist today, generally organised by region, thematic issue or sector (industry).

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Commission Services co-ordinate

Spatial Data Interest Communities participate

Projectscontribute

Drafting Teams

Consolidation Team

Proto-typestest

Pilots validate

CEN, ISO, OGC contribute

INSPIRE Expert Group advises

INSPIRECommittee

votes

ECadopts

Publicreviews

Implementing RulesDraft

Implementing RulesFormal Internet Consultation

ReviewCall for InterestExisting Reference Material

Experts are proposed

Association phase Drafting phase Review phase

LMOsreview

MSapply

INSPIRE process 2005-2009INSPIRE process 2005-2009

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The role of SDICThe role of SDIC Spatial Data Interest Communities Spatial Data Interest Communities

• To collect and describe user requirements, • To submit/develop reference materials• To allocate experts to the drafting teams,• To participate in the review process, • To implement pilot projects

– to test/revise/develop the draft Implementing Rules,

• To contribute to cost/benefit analysis – to assess costs of the draft Implementing Rules,

• To contribute to awareness raising and training

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The role of Legally The role of Legally Mandated Organisations (LMO)Mandated Organisations (LMO)

• To collaborate within the SDICs, or autonomously in providing technical specifications

• To help identify user needs • To contribute to the analysis of the technical and

operational feasibility of implementation of proposed draft Implementing Rules

• To provide feedback on the cost/benefit consequences of Implementing Rules at Member State level.

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22-06-2005

Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDICs)

139

Legally Mandate Organisations (LMOs)

89

Proposed Experts 193

Referenced Materials 96

Identified Projects 94

Results of the call for ExpertsResults of the call for ExpertsOpened on 1 March 2005Opened on 1 March 2005

Experts registered per countryExperts registered per country

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The role of The role of Drafting Teams (DT)Drafting Teams (DT)

• To analyse and review the reference material

• To write draft INSPIRE Implementing Rules

• To provide recommendations to the Consolidation Team, CT (EC) - in case of conflicting technical specifications

• To provide suggestions to the CT for testing any proposed specification

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The role of projects, The role of projects, pilots and prototypespilots and prototypes

• To develop representative use-case scenarios• To develop/test specifications for IR development• To demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of

interoperability-based solutions• To acquire experience in implementing

interoperability-based solutions• To determine cost and benefit of interoperability

based solutions on the basis of real cases

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Example of participative processExample of participative process in IR development in IR development

• Call for experts March 2005• Drafting Teams established in October 2005• Draft IR for Metadata published on 2nd Feb. 2007 based on

requirement of Directive, review of existing material submitted by SDICS and LMOs, international standards, and drafting team knowledge.

• Open for comments by SDICs and LMOs over an 8 week period

• Revised Draft to be published in the Summer 2007• Open for public consultation for an 8 week period NOW• Commission develops its proposal based on all input received

and submits to Regulatory Committee

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ConclusionsConclusions

• INSPIRE is a framework Directive with top-down Implementing Rules developed

But…

• Bottom-up development of Implementing Rules through stakeholder participation - the “Spatial Data Interest Communities”

• Open and transparent drafting and review of Implementing Rules

• Pilots and Projects play a key role to define and validate the Implementing Rules

• INSPIRE is a pillar of GMES

• INSPIRE is a major EU contribution to GEO/GEOSS

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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionhttp://www.ec-gis.org/inspire/