John Dorrer, Director

Center for Workforce Research andCenter for Workforce Research and

Information Information

Demographics and the Workforce Demographics and the Workforce � The U.S. workforce will continue to increase in size but at a

considerably slower rate than in the past. considerably slower rate than in the past.

� During the 1970s, the workforce grew 2.6 percent � During the 1970s, the workforce grew 2.6 percent annually, declining to 1.1 percent growth in the 1990s. Between 2000 and 2010, the annual growth rate is projected to equal that of the 1990s.to equal that of the 1990s.

� It is projected to slow in the next decade to just 0.4 � It is projected to slow in the next decade to just 0.4 percent and in the following decade to only 0.3 percent.percent.

Labor Force Growth Will Continue to Slow in Mainein Maine

Labor Force GrowthLabor Force Growth

23%

15%

19%

8%

5% 5%5%

1%

1946-56 1956-66 1966-76 1976-86 1986-96 1996-06 2006-16

Labor Force Participation Rates Have Peaked in MaineLabor Force Participation Rates Have Peaked in Maine

Labor force participation rates by gender

80%

60%

70%

40%

50%

30%

40%

Male Female Total20%

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007 2016

The Share of Older Workers in the Maine Labor Force is RisingLabor Force is Rising

Share of the Labor Force by age groupShare of the Labor Force by age group

80%

100%

60%

80%

20%

40%

0%

20%

1986 1996 2006 20161986 1996 2006 2016

16-24 25-54 55+

Maine’s Most Educated and Skilled Workers are Heading towards the Exitsare Heading towards the Exits

Demographics of Maine’s Manufacturing Workforce 1997 and 2007

30%

35%

1997 and 2007 19972007

25%

30%

15%

20%

5%

10%

0%

5%

14-18 19-21 22-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-9914-18 19-21 22-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-99

Openings in Maine Occupations will be fueled by replacement demand rather than by growth in all by replacement demand rather than by growth in all occupations except one

Openings by occupations, Growth and Replacement ProjectionsOpenings by occupations, Growth and Replacement Projections

80%

100%

20%

40%

60%

0%

20%

Total

Man

agem

ent

Busin

ess

& Fina

ncia

l Ope

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Compu

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echn

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Health

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Sup

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Prote

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Prepa

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n & S

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Buildi

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Const

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Annual Openings due to Growth Annual Openings due to Replacement

Employees will work in more decentralized,

Trends and Implications Employees will work in more decentralized, specialized firms, and employer-employee relationships will become less standardized and more individualized. more individualized.

Slower labor force growth will encourage employers Slower labor force growth will encourage employers to adopt approaches to facilitate greater labor force participation among women, the elderly, and participation among women, the elderly, and people with disabilities.

Greater emphasis will be placed on retraining and lifelong learning as the U.S. workforce tries to stay competitive in the global marketplace and respond competitive in the global marketplace and respond to technological changes.

Economic Dynamics and the Labor Economic Dynamics and the Labor

Market

�Accelerated Pace of Technological ChangeTechnological Change

�Unrelenting Globalization�Unrelenting Globalization

Program Development and

Planning : Employment, Wages, Planning : Employment, Wages,

Market Demand, and Growth

Employment

Wages

Market Demand

Projections/Growth

Of the Top 10 Fastest Growing Occupations 2008-2018, 7 Require a Occupations 2008-2018, 7 Require a Bachelors Degree or Higher

Source: Center on Education and the Workforce Source: Center on Education and the Workforce forecasts of education demand to 2018

Occupational Clusters with the most Occupational Clusters with the most Occupational Clusters with the most Occupational Clusters with the most intensive concentrations of postsecondary intensive concentrations of postsecondary workers:workers:workers:workers:

• Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Social Science (STEM), 93 percent;Science (STEM), 93 percent;

• Education and Training Occupations, 93 percent;

• Healthcare Practitioners and Technicians, 92 percent;

• Community Services, 89 percent;

• And Managerial and Professional Office occupations, 83 • And Managerial and Professional Office occupations, 83 percent.

STEM Jobs and Jobs with Related

Skills by Maine IndustrySkills by Maine Industry

STEM occs. as a % of

STEM and Related

Wages of STEM and Related

Industry

as a % of Sector

Employment

Related occs. as a %

of Sector

and Related occs. in

Industrial Sector

Professional & Business services 12% 25% $ 53,134

Information 9% 16% $ 50,189

Public Administration 9% 19% $ 52,307 Public Administration 9% 19% $ 52,307

Manufacturing 8% 19% $ 48,353

Financial Activities 4% 10% $ 57,581 Financial Activities 4% 10% $ 57,581

Education & Health 1% 20% $ 59,580

Natural Resources, Mining, Construction, Natural Resources, Mining, Construction, Transportation, Trade, and Utilities 1% 5% $ 48,845

All Industries 3.3% 13.3% $ 53,134

STEM Wages by Industry, May 2006STEM Wages by Industry, May 2006

Wages, STEM Wages, STEM Wages, All Industrial Sector

Wages, STEM occupations

Wages, STEM Related Skills

Wages, All occupations

Professional & Business services $ 54,009 $ 52,249 $ 40,887

Information $ 58,290 $ 41,040 $ 40,681

Public Administration $ 58,460 $ 47,010 $ 39,664

Manufacturing $ 58,017 $ 42,110 $ 37,770

Financial Activities $ 60,417 $ 55,745 $ 41,388

Education & Health $ 48,501 $ 60,110 $ 38,574

Natural Resources, Mining, Construction, Transportation, Trade, and Utilities $ 48,695 $ 48,868 $ 31,296 Trade, and Utilities $ 48,695 $ 48,868 $ 31,296

All Industries $ 55,693 $ 54,244 $ 35,157

In 2008, jobs at identified green firms equaled 2.7% of total private employment in

Other Stakeholders

equaled 2.7% of total private employment in Maine. Jobs at other stakeholder firms

accounted for an additional 2.8%.

Stakeholders 2.8%

Green

Balance

Green 2.7%

Balance 94.5%

Green Jobs Green Jobs

Distribution of Green O*NET-SOC Occupations Across Sectors

Increased Demand Enhanced Skills New & Emerging

Environment Protection

Green Construction

Renewable Energy Generation

Manufacturing

Research, Design, and Consulting Services

Gre

en E

cono

my

Sec

tors

Energy Trading

Recycling and Waste Reduction

Agriculture and Forestry

Energy Efficiency

Governmental and Regulatory Administration

Transportation

Gre

en E

cono

my

Sec

tors

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Energy and Carbon Capture and Storage

Energy Trading

Number of O*NET-SOC Occupations

Gre

en E

cono

my

Sec

tors

In Maine, The fastest growing workplaces are amongthe mid-sized companiesthe mid-sized companies

Workers by Size Class110,000

70,000

90,000

30,000

50,000

10,000

30,000

1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007

0-4 5-9 10-19 20-49 50-99

100-249 250-499 500-999 1000 & over

A greater share of Maine workers are employed todayA greater share of Maine workers are employed todaywith smaller employers compared to 25 years ago

Percent of Workers by Size ClassPercent of Workers by Size Class

16%

20%

12%

16%

8%

4%

1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007

0-4 5-9 10-19

20-49 50-99 100-249

250-499 500-999 1000 & over

In Maine Most High Growth/High Wage jobs will be filled by workers with at least some post-secondary education.by workers with at least some post-secondary education.

High School Or Less 33.6%

Bachelor's Degree or Higher 45.4%

Some College/Associate's Degree 20.9%

Real Time Demand and Labor Market Transactions DataTransactions Data

Supply & Demand

by Occupation Group

COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL

HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS AND TECHNICAL Shortage

Data from Burning Glass Technologies:

MANAGEMENT

ARTS, DESIGN, ENTERTAINMENT, SPORTS, AND …

HEALTHCARE SUPPORT

ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION

BUSINESS/FINANCIAL OPERATIONS

PERSONAL CARE AND SERVICE

BUILDING AND GROUNDS CLEANING AND …

MANAGEMENT

Surplus

FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING-RELATED

TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING

SALES AND RELATED

CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

PRODUCTION

INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

Resumes Openings

Data from Burning Glass Technologies:

Greatest Skill Shortages

directing

management

object oriented design

.net

self motivated

netscape enterprise server

analytical skills

verbal communication skills

public relations

organizational skills

sql

java

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

communication skills

Hear Employers Speak: Skills-Level Data on What

Data from Burning Glass Technologies:

Hear Employers Speak: Skills-Level Data on What They Are Asking For

Skill Requirements for IT jobs

Networking

C + +

Advertising

Accountancy

Skill Requirements for IT jobs

Leadership

Java

Design

Attention To Detail

Networking

Computer Hardware

Customer Relations

Customer Service

Consulting

Business Process

Leadership

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Communication Skills

Database Administration

Computer Hardware

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Total Openings

Vacancy Rate by Major Occupational Category, 2009 Maine Job Vacancy Survey

4.0%

4.5%

Category, 2009 Maine Job Vacancy Survey

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

0.0%

2009 Maine Job Vacancy Survey

Number of

Statewide

Vacancies

Pct. Of Total

Openings,

2009

Pct. Of Total

Openings,

2005 Survey

2009

Vacancy

Rate

2005

Vacancy

Rate

Occupational Category

Food Prep & Svcs 1,724 16% 14% 3.3% 6.4%

Office & Admin 1,598 15% 14% 1.6% 3.4%Office & Admin 1,598 15% 14% 1.6% 3.4%

Healthcare Practitioner 1,382 12.7% 7.2% 3.8% 5.3%

Sales & Related 1,300 12% 16% 2.1% 6.6%

Transportation 674 6% 7% 1.6% 3.8%

Healthcare Support 643 5.9% 4.4% 2.9% 6.0%

Construction 609 6% 5% 1.9% 4.4%Construction 609 6% 5% 1.9% 4.4%

Personal Care & Svc 600 6% 6% 4.0% 11.6%

Community & Social Svc 377 3% 2% 3.1% 4.0%

Production 363 3% 4% 0.9% 2.3%

Management 303 3% 2% 1.0% 1.7%

Installation, Maint 299 3% 2% 1.1% 2.0%Installation, Maint 299 3% 2% 1.1% 2.0%

Bldg & Grounds Maint. 198 2% 7% 0.9% 8.4%

Business & Financial 194 2% 1% 0.9% 1.5%

Arch, Engineering 147 1% 1% 1.5% 3.0%

Educ, Training & Library 129 1% 3% 0.3% 2.0%

Legal 128 1% 1% 3.4% 3.7%Legal 128 1% 1% 3.4% 3.7%

Computer & Mathematical 84 1% 1% 1.0% 2.5%

Life, Physical, Social Sciences 52 0% 0% 1.1% 1.0%

Arts, Design, Enter., Media 51 0% 1% 0.7% 2.3%

Farming, Fishing, Forestry 42 0% 1% 1.7% 6.5%

Protective Svcs 14 0% 1% 0.1% 3.2%

Statewide 10,914 1.8% 4.2%

Educational Requirements for Educational Requirements for Maine Job Vacancies for

Healthcare Practitioners

Bachelor’s degree, 30% High school or GED,

Associate’s degree,

30% High school or GED, 4%

No education required, 5%

Advanced degree, 15%

Associate’s degree, 10%

Not specified, 7%

Vocational or technical training, 28%

Aligning Education and the Economy: Established Taxonomies Economy: Established Taxonomies

Economy

Education

Education EconomyEducation SOCCIP

Classification of Instructional Programming (CIP)Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

Aligning UMS Educational Output and Labor

Market DemandsMarket DemandsEmployment Completers / Grads Entering Labor Force

Degree 2008 2016 2006 2007 2008 2009

Business and Business and

Management 39,240 44,209 514 / 449 527 / 450 531 / 442 475 / 397

Education 20,970 20,751 686 / 198 786 / 350 689 / 261 644 / 228

Engineering 18,260 19,244 290 / 254 244 / 208 269 / 211 291 / 259

Health Professions 16,610 19,463 448 / 383 508 / 431 538 / 478 542 / 456Health Professions 16,610 19,463 448 / 383 508 / 431 538 / 478 542 / 456

Social Sciences 5,740 5,474 456 / 443 445 / 428 483 / 474 460 / 442

Total 100,820 109,141 2394 / 1727 2510 / 1867 2510 / 1866 2412 / 1782

UMS Labor UMS Labor

Market

Entrants /

Employment Annual Want Advertisements Average Wage

Degree 2008 2006 2007 2008 2009 2008Degree 2008 2006 2007 2008 2009 2008

Business and

Management 1.13% 16,024 18,551 16,962 13,180 $53,388

Education 1.24% 1,062 1,852 1,706 1,246 $41,668

Engineering 1.16% 9,051 11,100 11,346 8,311 $58,988Engineering 1.16% 9,051 11,100 11,346 8,311 $58,988

Health Professions 2.88% 17,429 30,336 26,980 19,524 $59,779

Social Sciences 8.26% 2,159 2,494 2,961 1,965 $41,762

Total 1.85% 45,725 64,333 59,955 44,226 -

Relationship Between Degree Completers and Demand based on

Internet Job Postings

Wanted Advertisements Baccalaureate Degree Completers

100025,000

Business and Management

100015,000

Engineering

Wanted Advertisements Baccalaureate Degree Completers

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

00

2006 2007 2008 2009

00

2006 2007 2008 2009

600

800

1000

1,000

1,500

2,000

Education

0

200

400

600

0

500

1,000

2006 2007 2008 2009

Health Professions Social Sciences

400

600

800

1000

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

Health Professions

400

600

800

1000

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Social Sciences

0

200

0

10,000

2006 2007 2008 20090

200

400

0

500

1,000

2006 2007 2008 2009

The Next Economy is The Next Economy is A Science and Knowledge Economy

- need scientific and technological literacy

A Resource-Challenged Economy- need critical thinking about sustainable economies

A Globally Interdependent EconomyA Globally Interdependent Economy- global competence is a core competence

A Demographically Diverse Economy- requires cross-cultural leadership skills

A Demographically Diverse Economy- requires cross-cultural leadership skills

An Innovation-Driven Economy- requires students who can learn how to learn and adapt to rapid change- requires students who can learn how to learn and adapt to rapid change

“Very Important” Skills for New From Conference Board Employer

Entrants with Four-Year College Diploma

Board Employer Survey

94.4%

95.4%

Teamwork *

Oral Communications *

92.1%

93.1%

93.8%

Critical Thinking/ Problem Solving *

Written Communications *

Professionalism/ Work Ethic *

87.0%

88.0%

92.1%

89.7%

Reading Comprehension

English Language

Writing in English

Critical Thinking/ Problem Solving *

85.6%

87.0%

81.8%Leadership *

Ethics/Social Responsibility *

Reading Comprehension

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Page:42

* Applied Skill

Why Invest in your Future

Future supply of college graduatescollege graduates

4,500,000

5,000,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

2003

2010

2015

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,0002015

0

500,000

China EU US