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INTRODUCTION• Nothing known about him – for sure – 12 Joels in Bible
• Name means Jehovah is God
• Nothing known about his father – Pethuel, named in 1:1
• Prophet to Judah, most likely very early
• Book has been called “the locust plague and what it teaches”
• Apparently an unheard of, severe plague caused Joel to write
• A particular instance and not just his life of work
CHAPTER 1:2-12 – PLAGUE AND DRAUGHT• Something very unusual has happened or “will” happen
• Most felt that this was an actual event
• Read some of account of locust in 1915
• Had not been seen or will be seen for generations
• Everything will be eaten and all grapes lost – grapes and figs mentioned
• There is drought or no produce
CHAPTER 1:13-20 PREPARE FOR DAY OF LORD• Get ready• Day is near• Describe famine, drought• Joel is using an actual even,t, known to man• Then figuratively showing how Day of Lord will
be• v. 19 – will cry or turn to God!
CHAPTER 2:1-11 DESCRIPTION OF DAY OF LORD• Dark – dark – dark v. 2 and 6• Lot of figurative language – i.e. fire/like
army• Describes a catastrophic event –
locusts/fall of Israel or Judah/Judea• V. 11 – day is terrible and who can abide or
endure it?
CHAPTER 2:12-30, REPENT!• God is still there for them• Pattern for repentance• Give entire heart• Fasting – concentration • Weeping and mourning – true sorrow for wrong• Feel it in heart, not just outward show• Turn to God
• Good for all times
CHAPTER 2:12-30 (CONT)• Stop whatever is being done – repent now! Urgent!• Blessings – think of locusts and compare to judgement• Feed them• Protect them• Do great things• Restore what locust has eaten• Be their God once again
• v. 28-32, Day of Lord will be bad unless you repent – quoted on day of Pentecost, Peter’s first sermon, Acts 2:17-24
CHAPTER 3 – PUNISHMENT AND BLESSINGS• V. 1-8, how enemies of God’s people will be treated• Identifies those to be punished• Those who have done wrong to God’s people• Why or is it important to know this?• Punishment – v. 7 and 8 – what you did will be
done to you
CHAPTER 3 (CONT)• V. 9-17, actual day of judgment• Will be like a terrible war or battle, v. 9• Will sit in judgment, v. 12• Like harvest, v. 13• V. 14, valley of decision – God’s decision or judgment
• v. 16 – hope of God’s people, no fear• v. 18-21 shows this is final judgment• God’s people will endure/prosper/be saved• God’s enemies will be desolute
AMOS – SHEPHERD IN TEKOA, 12 MILES SOUTH OF JERUSALEM AND 6 MILES SOUTH OF BETHLEHEM• From southern kingdom but prophesied
in Israel• Dated himself during reigns of Uzziah
(Judah) and Jereboam II (Isa.)• 30 years before captivity of north• Chapter 7:10-17
TYPICAL APPROACH USED IN AMOS
•Speaks out against neighboring countries
•Addresses Israel’s sins
•Declares there is hope
SOME NATIONS MENTIONED• Damascus – threshing Gilead• Gaza – Delivered captives to Edom• Tyrus – delivered captives to Edom• Edom – pursuing his brother without pity• Ammon – cruelty to Gilead (ripped open
pregnant women)• Judah – rejected God’s law
ISRAEL• In same context, Israel condemned for sin
• Materialistic• Oppress poor• Incest• Fraud – clothes by pledge, have to be returned by night
• What God has done• Destroyed their enemies• Delivered them from Egypt• There were prophets and from Israel• They responded by rejecting them
ISRAEL (CONT)
• God is hurt, but has to punish them
• “Weighted” down by all this
•God’s just nature requires him to punish injustice
CHAPTER 3:2-8, ISRAEL CHOSEN
• Got more will surely be punished more, Luke 12:41-48• God knows all – certainty of justice –
only right!!• Chapter 3:11-15 – certainty of justice
– only right!!
CHAPTER 4 – CONDITIONS OF ISRAEL
• V. 1-3, heathen wives will leave to captivity• V. 4-5, go through rituals• V. 6-11, God had tried to motivate
Israel to come back• V. 12-13 Powerful
CHAPTER 5:4-15, TOLD TO SEEK GOD• V. 4-5, anywhere else is trouble• V. 6-7, Do it before it is too later• V. 8-9, God made all and will initiate destruction• V. 14-15, Seek God by seeking Good• V. 16-20, no hope in evil• They wanted God to come but if not ready…
SEVERAL THINGS MENTIONED AND PUT INTO THEIR PLACE• Furniture• Food idle entertainment• Alcohol• Oils • Parties• Houses
CHAPTER 8: ISRAEL “RIPE” OR READY FOR DESTRUCTION
• V. 4-10, Israel’s sins
• Trample needy
•Dishonest scales
• This all will end
STILL HOPE – IN SPITE OF EVERYTHING! • God has been good to his people – out of
Egypt• Identity of people or nation will be lost –
remnant left• Jeremiah 30:11• Jeremiah 31:36• Joel 2:32
PERMANENT MESSAGES IN BOOK• God’s diving nature• 4:13, 5:8, 9:5-6
• Sincere worship• 5:21, 5:23
• Social justice• 5:24, 2:6-8, James 1:27
PERMANENT MESSAGES (CONT)• Responsibility comes with privilege • Meaning of adversity• God will never stop warning • Need for all to have personal conviction• 7:14-15, even a prophet• Cannot be done by proxy
INTRODUCTION• Book emphasizes that God is God of all
nations• God will hold all responsible for sin• Foreign nations were condemned for
mistreatment of God’s people• V. 15• Obadiah means servant of Yahweh
INTRODUCTION (CONT)• No agreement as to date• Destruction of Jerusalem in v. 11 is no
help• Various scholars have date from 845 to
450!• Jack Lewis has it as 586 – fall of
Jerusalem
INTRODUCTION (CONT)• Unique focus of book• An oracle against Edom – Esau’s descendants• Became Israel’s enemy – mistreated God’s
people• Obadiah denounced them and predicted their
destruction• God still recognized and honored their ties of
brotherhood
INTRODUCTION (CONT)• Theme – destruction of Edom because of
mistreatment of Judah• Edom’s acts of mistreatment listed• Basically faired to act as a brother• Unlikely preached to Edom but given to Judah
for comfort• Edomites (Idumeans) disappeared in 2nd century
AD
HOW EDOM WAS TO BE DESTROYED, V. 1-9
• V. 1 Background
• V. 2 Initial prophecy
• V. 3 Cause of their downfall – arrogance
• V. 4 No way to escape
• V. 5 & 6 All wealth would be taken
• V. 7 Friends with turn on you
• V. 8 and 9 Wise and strong will be brought down
V. 10-14, WHY EDOM HAS TO BE DESTROYED• V. 10 Treated “brothers” violently• V. 11 Did not help brothers in time of need• V. 12 Delighted in brothers problems• V. 13 Actually looted brothers wealth• V. 14 Would kill “refugees” instead of
helping
V. 15-21, WHEN EDOM WAS TO BE DESTROYED• V. 15 “Day of Lord”• V. 16 Forced to drink cup of suffering• V. 17-21 Salvation of Judah• V. 17 Restore land and worship• V. 18 Judah will defeat enemies• v. 19 Judah will possess Edom’s land• V. 20 Exiles will come back• V. 21 God will be in control