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DESIGNING HIGH PERFORMANCE JOBS
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Improving the performance of key jobs isoften as simple-and as
profound-as
changing the resources they control andthe results for which
they are
accountable.
by Robert Simons
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!"R #$SI% &"'S(I!)S*hat resources do I control to accomplish
my
tasks+
*hat measures will be used to evaluate myperformance+
*ho do I need to interact with and in,uenceto achieve my
goals+
ow much support can I epect when I reachout to others for
help+
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/I'R')( S0$)S ! $1!#
2. Span of %ontrol
3. Span of $ccountability
4. Span of In,uence5. Span of Support
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S0$) ! %!)(R!6 It de7nes the range of resources not only
people but also assets and infrastructure forwhich a manager is
given decision rights.
Span of control in wal-mart
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STORE
MANAGER CORPORATEMERCHANDISING MANAGER
Few resources Many resources
narrow w!e
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S0$) !$%%!")($#I6I(8 It refers to the range of trade-o9s
a9ecting the
measures used to evaluate a manager:sachievements in other words
de7nes the goalsthe manager is epected to achieve. It is widerat
the top and narrower at bottom levelmanagement.
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Drec"or
Few "ra!e#o$$s Many "ra!e#o$$s
narrow w!e
$acu%"y
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S0$) ! I)6"')%' It corresponds to the width of the net that
an
individual needs to cast in collecting data;probing for new
information and attempting toin,uence the work of others.
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S0$) ! S"00!R( (he 7nal span refers to the amount of help an
individual can epect from people in otherorgani
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!* (! $%I'=' '&"I6I#RI">+ or any organi
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Few Resources Many ResourcesSpan of Control
Measures allow few
trade-offs
Measures allow
many trade-offs
Span of Accountability
Interactions within
unitInteractions
across units
No commitments ofhelp from others Strong commitments ofhelp from
others
Span of Influence
Span of Support
Narrow Wide
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$/1"S(I)A S0$)S ! 1!# /'SIA)
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SPAN TO NARRO& THE SPAN TO &IDEN THE SPAN
Con"ro% Re!uce resourcesa%%oca"e! "o s'ec$c'os"ons or un".
A%%oca"e more 'eo'%e(asse"s an! n$ras"ruc"ure.
Accoun"ab%"y S"an!ar!ze wor) byusn* measures +e",er$nanca%( suc,
as %ne#"em bu!*e" e-'enses(
or non $nanca%( suc, as,ea! coun" ",a" a%%ow$ew "ra!e#o$$s.
/se non $nanca%measures +suc, ascus"omer sa"s$ac"onor broa!
$nanca%
measures ",a" a%%owmany "ra!e#o$$s.
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SPAN TO NARRO& THE SPAN TO &IDEN THE SPAN
In$%uence Re0ure 'eo'%e "o 'aya""en"on on%y "o ",erown 1obs( use
sn*%ere'or"n* %nes an!rewar! n!!ua%'er$ormance
In1ec" crea"e "enson",rou*, s"ruc"ures(sys"ems an! *oa%s.
Su''or" /se %eera*e!( ,*,%yn!!ua%ze! rewar!san! c%ear%y sn*%e
ou"wnners an! %osers.
3u%! s,are!res'onsb%"es ",rou*,'ur'ose an! msson(*rou'
!en"$ca"on(
"rus" an! e0u"y base!ncen"e '%ans
