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Job Safety Analysis
John Newquist March 17, 2010
Training Objectives
• Explain the need for JSAs• Explain the benefits of JSAs• Provide the information necessary to
properly complete JSAs• Provide the tools necessary to properly
complete JSAs
What Is Job Safety Analysis?
• Method used to break a job task into separate and distinct steps
• Evaluate the hazards associated with each step
• Determine the appropriate controls needed to control each of the identified hazards
Benefits of Job Safety Analysis
• Identifies unsafe work practices before an accident occurs
• Decreases injury rates• Increases quality• Increases productivity• Alternative to using rates as an Incentive
only!!!
Uses Of Job Safety Analyses
• Evaluate existing jobs• Set up new jobs• Training and re-training tool• Prioritize jobs needing re-design • Ties in closely with other job analyses
(quality & productivity studies, RTW)• Reference in accident investigations
No JSA = Bad• The report found that risk assessment was
“often incomplete,” that business units did not understand or address major hazards, and that competency in risk and hazard assessment was poor. BP March 2004 audit finding.
“Many [people] reported errors due to a lack of time for job analysis, lack of adequate staffing, a lack of supervisor staffing, or a lack of resident knowledge of the unit in the supervisory staff.” 2005 Telus survey
Definition Of Key Words
• Job task• Job step• Hazard• Exposure• Control• Accident / Incident
Definition Of Key Words - Example
• Job Task - change a light bulb• Job Step - climb ladder• Hazard - defects on ladder• Exposure - injury from ladder fall• Control - inspect ladders before use and
remove from service if defective• Accident / Incident - fall with or
without injury
One JSA Process, Three Goals
PRODUCTIVITY
SAFETY
QUALITY
= PROFITS
PROCESS
Where To Start?
• Pick 3!• Accident history• Employee complaints• Jobs with close calls• Potential Jobs with serious injuries• What else?
Involve Employees
• Discuss what you are going to do and why
• Explain that you are studying the task, not employee performance
• Involve the employees in the entire process
Important Tips• Evaluate all aspects of the job task,
even if performed infrequently• Observe more than one employee
doing a specific job task• Observe more than one shift• Take enough time observing the job• Observe a worker actually doing the
job, not just describing job
CASE STUDY Boxed Paper Handling
Boxed Paper Handling • From Madison• Receipt of boxes from
delivery. • Hazards Identified Back
Injury; Muscle strain/sprain
• Control: Request delivery person to place boxes close to their intended storage location.
• If moving of full boxes is necessary, use dolly/cart.
Boxed Paper Handling• Lifting boxes • Hazards Identified Back
Injury; Muscle strain/sprain
• Control: Remove at least 4 reams of paper (reduces weight to 32 lbs.)(each ream of paper weights approx. 5 lbs.)
• Use proper lifting techniques
Boxed Paper Handling
• Cutting boxes open. • Hazards Identified:
Lacerations• Control: Utilize
properly guarded tools and safe cutting techniques (i.e., scissors or retractable utility knife)
Boxed Paper Handling• Place reams on shelf. • Hazards Identified Back
Injury; Muscle strain/sprain
• Control: Place box to minimize twisting, bending and other hazardous movement as much as possible.
• Use of proper lifting techniques
Boxed Paper Handling
• Storage of boxes • Back Injury; Muscle
strain/sprain (full boxes weigh 52 lbs)
• Control: Store boxes with at least 4 reams of paper removed.
Do you Critique JSA’s?
• My attitude is, if someone's going to criticize me, tell me to my face. Simon Cowell
Exercise: Parts deburring
• Define the job task to be studied
• Observe task and break into major steps
• Record results• Let’s dissect this JSA
from a company• What is missing?
Job Hazard Analysis Exercise
Break the job task into steps.
EXAMPLE:
JOBS STEPS POTENTIAL HAZARDS PROTECTIVE MEASURES 1. Reach into box to the right of the machine, grasp casting and carry to wheel.
2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.
3. Place finished casting in box to the left of the machine.
Instructions For Conducting A Job Hazard Analysis
Identify the hazards of each step. For each hazard, ask:
• What can go wrong?• What are the consequences?• How could it happen?• What are other contributing factors?• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
Job Hazard Analysis Exercise
EXAMPLE:
JOBS STEPS POTENTIAL HAZARDS PROTECTIVE MEASURES 1. Reach into box to the right of the machine, grasp casting and carry to wheel.
Strike hand on edge of metal box or casting; cut hand on burr. Drop casting on toes.
2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.
Strike hand against wheel, sparks in eyes. Wheel breakage, dust, sleeves get caught.
3. Place finished casting in box to the left of the machine.
Strike hand against metal box or casting.
Do you agree?
Instructions For Conducting A Job Hazard Analysis
Eliminate or Reduce Hazards with Protective Measures
Hierarchy of controls• Elimination • Substitution • Engineering controls • Administrative controls • Personal protective equipment
Job Hazard Analysis Exercise
EXAMPLE:
JOBS STEPS POTENTIAL HAZARDS PROTECTIVE MEASURES 1. Reach into box to the right of the machine, grasp casting and carry to wheel.
Strike hand on edge of metal box or casting; cut hand on burr. Drop casting on toes.
Provide gloves and safety shoes.
2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.
Strike hand against wheel, sparks in eyes. Wheel breakage, dust, sleeves get caught.
Provide larger guard over wheel. Install exhaust system. Provide safety goggles. Instruct employee to wear short sleeved shirts.
3. Place finished casting in box to the left of the machine.
Strike hand against metal box or casting.
Provide tool for removal of completed stock.
Are these good protective measures?
BRAINSTORM!
Change a Light Bulb Exercise
Three Step Procedure & Exercise
• Identify each major step of the job task• List the hazard(s) to each major step• Determine the control(s) that would
prevent an accident for each hazard identified
• Break into groups• List only three steps, hazards, control for
changing a light bulb• Go!!!
Changing A Light Bulb• Event Date: 08/19/2009 • An employee was on an aluminum ladder over
twenty five feet from the ground when working on replacing a ballast for a 400 watt mercury light bulb.
• The power supply line was energized. • The circuit breaker for the lighting fixture was
tripped. • The employee fell off the ladder. • The employee was taken to a hospital where he
was pronounced dead.
Changing A Light Bulb• Event Date: 01/31/2008 • Changing 277/480v light bulbs in the parking lot lamps • Outside the store using an aerial lift. • The lamps had been energized to discover which bulbs needed to be replaced. • The lamps were not de-energized prior to the deceased working on it. • The deceased was using a screw driver (a 8.5-inch phillips head screw driver) that
was not insulated, and he was not using any type of electrical protective equipment. • The deceased was having difficulty in opening the light housing on the lamp
because the lid to the housing had two stripped screws. • The deceased apparently reached into the light housing to replace the light bulb and
was electrocuted. • The bulb was found broken after the accident. • According to the medical examiner's report, the deceased died from cardiac
ventricular dysrhythmia due to electrocution. • He had an electrical burn on his right palm.
Post Job Hazard Analysis
What do I do next ?
• Correct the unsafe conditions and processes.
Train all employees who do the job on the changes
Make sure they understand the changes Assign additional needed actions/follow-ups
Job Safety Analysis - Blank form - Copy for use at the workplace
Item Work activity Hazard Risk control Persons responsible Completion
Number Break the job down into steps What could harm someone? What can be done to make Who will make sure it Date and signoff
the job sale? happens?
Summary – JSA Training Steps1) Define meaning of JSA2) Benefits and why JSAs are important3) Select the job to be analyzed4) Prepare the JSA form5) Break the job task into steps6) Identify the hazards7) Identify the controls8) Correct unsafe conditions and processes9) Assign additional needed actions/follow-ups10) Review JSAs11) Use JSAs for training and accident investigation
Training Objectives?
• Explain the need for JSAs?• Explain the benefits of JSAs?• Provide the information necessary to
properly complete JSAs?• Provide the tools necessary to
properly complete JSAs?
Contact
• John Newquist• 230 S Dearborn, Ste 3244, Chicago IL
60604• [email protected]• 312-353-5977
