Joan Alberich Liverpool, 19 June

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT «LINKED POPULATION» USED IN THE 2001

CENSUS OF POPULATION IN SPAIN

AN APPLICATION TO CATALONIA

Joan AlberichLiverpool, 19 June

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT «LINKED POPULATION»

SUMMARY

Introduction1

• The geographical context• The demographical context - The pyramides of population

- The population growth

- The daily mobility

The research2

• Introduction and conceptual framework

The Population Census of 20013

• The recollected information about mobility

A critical review of the concept «linked population»4

• The concept of «linked population»• An application to Catalonia

Conclusions5

1 INTRODUCTION

The geographical context

212,21Density (hab./km2)

6.813.319Population (hab.)

32.106,54Area (km2)

Data year 2004• Barcelona

I


1

2

3

4

5

6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0%

0-4

10-14

20-24

30-34

40-44

50-54

60-64

70-74

80-84

90-94Men Women

n

1981

Source: www.idescat.es

1 INTRODUCTION

The demographical context. The pyramids of population

6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0%

0-4

10-14

20-24

30-34

40-44

50-54

60-64

70-74

80-84

90-94Men Women

n

1986

6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0%

0-4

10-14

20-24

30-34

40-44

50-54

60-64

70-74

80-84

90-94Men Women

n

1991

6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0%

0-4

10-14

20-24

30-34

40-44

50-54

60-64

70-74

80-84

90-94Men Women

n

1996

6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0%

0-4

10-14

20-24

30-34

40-44

50-54

60-64

70-74

80-84

90-94Men Women

n

2001

II


1

2

3

4

5

1 INTRODUCTION

The demographical context. The population growth

1981 = 1002001 = 106,5Total population

1986 = 100

2001 = 154,7Working population

1986 = 100 2001 = 81,15Student population

0

1.000.000

2.000.000

3.000.000

4.000.000

5.000.000

6.000.000

7.000.000

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001


II


1

2

3

4

5

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

1986 1991 1996 2001

Movements


1 INTRODUCTION

The demographical context. The daily mobility

Destination: Same municipality Another municipality

70,6%

29,4%

45,5%

54,5%

II


1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

1986 1991 1996 2001

Source: Our calculation from www.idescat.es

Minutes / km

Time

1 INTRODUCTION

The demographical context. The daily mobility

10,74 11,3712,73

13,3513,37

14,14 15,8716,56

20,5620,91 20,26

20,37

Distance in straight line Distance by highway

II


1

2

3

4

5

2 THE RESEARCH

Introduction and conceptual framework

• Because of increasing mobility, it is not possible to characterize the population by its place of

residence.

• The mobility is an inherent characteristic of the persons: in order to carry out our daily activities

―like to go to work or study, to shopping, to enjoy the time of leisure or the second residence,

etc.― we move on a more or less delimited territory.

• Thus, the hypothesis is that the persons, through their usual mobility, enter in touch in different

territories and establish one certain form of linking, according to with the type of activity that they

carry out, the time of permanence, etc.

Hypothesis


I

1

2

3

4

5

• For this motive, it is necessary to overcome the former concepts of population of fact and

population of right, and his substitution for that of “linked population”.

2 THE RESEARCH

1) From the point of view of the population 2) From the point of view of the territory

1.a) To determine the "spaces of life" of the

people: "to draw" the territory where they make its

daily activities, to that they are related from its

mobility.

1.b) To establish a typology of the different linking

of the persons in the territory from their

sociodemographic characteristics.

- individual character (sex, age, civil state, level of

instruction, relationship with the activity, migratory

trajectory…)

- characters of the home of what they are part (regime of possession, familiar typology…)

Introduction and conceptual framework

Objectives

2.a) To determine the number real of people that

use a certain territory, independently of its place of

residence.

2.b) To surpass asi the old ideas of "population in

fact" («di facto») and "population of right" («di

jure») with the estimation of the linked population

or the seasonal population.


Place of birthPlace of work

Place of second residence

1

2

3

4

5

The recollected information about mobility

a) About daily mobility: the trips between the place of residence and the place of work/study

• Available information for the first time for the whole Spain

• For Catalunya, available series of homogeneous information from 1986

• Available Information only for the 16-year-old

major persons

Place of residence

Place of work/study

Type of transport

Number of daily trips

Time of displacement

Possibility of calculating distances UTM


3 THE POPULATION CENSUS OF 2001

1

2

3

4

5

The recollected information about mobility

b) About the mobilty related with the second residence

• Available information for the first time for the whole Spain

• Scale of analysis: home. It is not possible to know individual behaviors.

• We do not know the second residences of the residents abroad.

Place of residence

Place of 2nd residence

Days / year of use

Possibility of calculating distances UTM


3 THE POPULATION CENSUS OF 2001

1

2

3

4

5

4 A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT «LINKED POPULATION»

The concept of «linked population» I

• INE defines the «linked population» as:

«The set of persons with habitual residence in Spain that have some type of habitual links with the

municipality, already be because they live there, they work or study, or because, not having there his

residence, to be accustomed to stay determinates periods of time (summers, weekends ...).»

• INE also calculates so called «rate of linking», which formula is:

Total population

Resident population x 100

100

…

= 100. Total = resident. No linked population.

= 200. Total = 2 x resident. Resident = Linked

= …


• Total population of a municipality:

Resident population + Non-resident population (“linked”)

• Working population• Student population• Population who has a second residence

• Total population of a municipality:

Resident population + Non-resident population (“linked”)

• Working population• Student population• Population who has a second residence

• INE defines the «linked population» as:

«The set of persons with habitual residence in Spain that have some type of habitual links with the

municipality, already be because they live there, they work or study, or because, not having there his

residence, to be accustomed to stay determinates periods of time (summers, weekends ...).»

1

2

3

4

5

4An application to CataloniaII



1

2

3

4

5

100,0%

110,0%

120,0%

130,0%

140,0%

150,0%Ca

ntab

ria

Cast

illa y

Leó

n

Com

unid

ad V

alen

ciana

Cast

illa-L

a M

anch

a

Cata

loni

a

La R

ioja

Nava

rra

Arag

ón

País

Vas

co

Com

unid

ad d

e M

adrid

Gal

ícia

Astu

rias

Mur

cia

Extre

mad

ura

Anda

lucí

a

Isla

s Ca

naria

s

Isla

s Ba

lear

es

Ceut

a

Mel

illa

Spai

n

140,

7%

138,

3%

138,

0%

133,

5%

132,

6%

131,

3%

131,

1%

128,

6%

127,

1%

126,

0%

125,

2%

124,

4%

124,

3%

122,

9%

122,

1%

121,

6%

120,

8%

102,

1%

101,

8%

128,

5%

Rat

e of

link

ing

Region

0 50 100 200 km150

An application to CataloniaII

Comunitats autònomes

120% 130% 140%

0 50 100 200 km150

Comunitats autònomes

120% 130% 140%

M enys de 120,00%

120,00% - 124,99%

125,00% - 134,99%

135,00% - 144,99%

145,00% o m és

Províncies

0 50 100 200 km150



1

2

3

4

5


Linked population (absolut)

• Great presence of population lin-ked in the coastal band, because all the principal economic and tourist centers of the country are there.

• The same thing happens in the regional capitals.


• Finally, the region of the Pyrenees is another important area of linked population.

• The same thing happens in the regional capitals.




1

2

3

4

5


Rate of linking (%)

• Overvaluation of the second resi-dences, because these tend to be lo-cated in the smallest municipalities.

?!• It isn't a good indicator to measure the territorial links of the persons.

• Need to look for a new indicator.

• Overvaluation of the second resi-dences, because these tend to be lo-cated in the smallest municipalities.



1

2

3

4

5


5 CONCLUSIONS

1

2

3

4

5

• As it is formulated nowadays, the indicator of “linked populations” is not valid.

• His principal problem is that there values too much the population linked across the second residences, in opposition to the working or student population.

• Base problem: it is a question formulated to the household, so that all his members turn out to be like linked.

• Need to consider the population according to the time of permanency in the municipality of destiny, etc.

• We are working…

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT «LINKED POPULATION» USED IN THE 2001

CENSUS OF POPULATION IN SPAIN

AN APPLICATION TO CATALONIA

Joan AlberichLiverpool, 19 June

Documents

Joan Alberich Liverpool, 19 June