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JM N

Rev. 10/14/2017

San Diego Regional Junior

Model United Nations

Official Delegate Guide

Your go-to guide for all things JMUN!

San Diego Regional Junior Model U.N. Official Delegate Guide

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A Message from the Secretariat Dear Delegates, Welcome to the San Diego Regional Junior Model United Nations Conference! Whether it’s your first or fourth time with us, we are just as excited to have you at our conference, and we promise to do all that we can to make this another MUNtastic year.

As part of that mission to make this conference better and better, we’ve decided to introduce an official delegate guide. This will be your encyclopedia/manual/bible as you maneuver your way through the months ahead. Whether you’ve written hundreds of speeches or you just found out what M.U.N. stands for, this guide will be an invaluable tool, presented to you in a casual, concise, clutter-free format. Good luck, and we’ll see you all in May!

Sincerely,

The Upper Secretariat


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Table of Contents

Appendix 1: Words to Know ................................................. 4

Part 1: Position Papers ................................................................... 5

Example Position Paper ....................................................... 8

Appendix 2: Position Paper Checklist ................................. 9

Part 2: Resolutions......................................................................... 10

Example Resolution .............................................................12

Appendix 3: Clauses ............................................................. 16

Appendix 4: Resolution Checklist ...................................... 17

Part 3: The Conference ................................................................. 18

Example Speeches .............................................................. 22


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Appendix 1: Words to Know

Term Definition

United Nations A forum formed in 1945 as a mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together

Country/Committee

You, as a delegate, will be representing a country in a committee. For example, f you’re in First Committee

representing North Korea, you’d be the only North Korean delegate in First Committee.

Background Guide A resource written by the Secretariat to give you a basic understanding of what your committee’s topics are about.

P5 (“Big Five”) Nations China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States. These countries were influential in the founding of the UN,

and have veto power in Security Council.

Secretariat The 10th-12th graders that run the conference.

Head Chair

The Secretariat member in your committee room who wields the gavel. They will be moderating debate and calling on

delegates to speak. They’re super friendly 😊. You can read about them in their head chair letters at the beginning of

each committee’s background guide.

Vice Chair

The Secretariat member in your committee room who assists the Head Chair in moderating debate. They will be observing and scoring your performance throughout the

conference.

Pages

The Secretariat member(s) in your committee room who will pass notes, write on the board, and keep the committee

flowing super smoothly!


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Part 1:

Position Papers

Position papers are where you store your research Picture this. It’s October. You’re a brand new delegate. You’ve just been assigned a country and a committee. Wow! This is so exciting! I can’t wait to get started! You run home and read through the entire Zimbabwe Wikipedia page. Then you click on a link that takes you to a CNN article, which then takes you to a G.A. resolution, which then takes you to a YouTube video, and so on and so on. 3 hours later, your brain is saturated with all this valuable research. Tunisia’s GDP per capita is $4,316. The average life expectancy in France is 82 years. Chewing gum is banned in Singapore. So. Much. Information. The conference is months away! Whatever will you do with all this pent-up knowledge?!?!

And thus, the position paper was born.


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So, what is a position paper?

A short background paper that explains the history of an issue, international involvement in the issue, and your country’s position on the issue.

Wait. What do you mean by issue? Each committee will have three topics/global issues. Each of your position papers will address one of these topics—emphasis on the “one” for all you overachievers out there.

Okay, so I’ve picked a topic. What now? The first step is to gather a bunch of research on the topic. This research can be from books, print sources, or online sources, like news articles, treaties, or UN resolutions (we especially like to see you citing UN stuff).

So, I can just print out some articles and hand them in? Wow, JMUN is easy. No. That’s not how it works. After you’ve gathered all your research, you can start writing the actual paper. There’s a very specific way that these are to be written: Paragraph 1: Brief Background Let everyone know how important this topic is. Historical background and causes of the problem What nations are part of the issue? What effect does this problem have on the international community? Paragraph 2: UN Involvement Astound us with your research. Cite some resolutions! How is the UN involved? What has the UN done? (i.e. resolutions, conferences, aid contributed etc.) Organs, NGO’s and other UN affiliated groups can also be addressed here Paragraph 3: Your Nation’s Involvement Be your country. Look at it from your country’s point of view. Your nation’s position and policy on the topic How does this issue benefit/harm your nation? What has your nation done? (i.e. voting records, resolutions sponsored, conferences attended, conventions signed, etc.)


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Awesome! So is there anything else I need to know? Yes, actually. There are some more tips and tricks we have, but instead of just listing them out in paragraph form, we’ve compiled them into a chart.

Do’s ☺ Do-Not’s Stay organized When you’re researching, make an outline divided into each paragraph. This way, all the information is easily accessible when you write your paper. This also makes it so that one paragraph doesn’t take up 90% of your paper.

DON’T Jump straight into writing Be prepared before you write. It’s much easier to write when you have a general skeleton of the paper laid out. Otherwise, you might finish your second paragraph and find that it’s already a page and a half.

Format Correctly! One page Times New Roman 12 pt. font 1.15 Spacing 1 inch margins at sides, top, and bottom

DON’T Stretch the formatting (sort of) You may want to write a novel, but the challenge is keeping it to a page Be sure to stick to the guidelines, because we will be grading you on formatting. (But, I bet most chairs can’t tell the difference between 12 pt. and 11 pt. font *wink*)

Write on the Back Please put your full name and the name of your school on the BACK with PENCIL.

DON’T Put your name on the front This is to try to keep the authors of the paper anonymous when the Secretariat grades them.

Show off your research Use your research to back up your statements. Which of these is more compelling? “The UN provides humanitarian aid,” OR “According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the UN mobilizes $12.5 billion in humanitarian aid annually.”

DON’T Just throw your facts onto the paper Be sure you’re elaborating on all your research. Don’t just throw in a fact and then move on. “Tunisia has supported GA resolution 72/389.” What does this mean? What does the resolution do? For all I know, you could have just made it up. Elaborate.

Write efficiently You’re going to have to cram a lot of information into one page. Make sure everything that you’re writing is relevant to the topic, and does not contradict things that you say elsewhere.

DON’T Use tons of flowery language If you can use fewer words, please do “Globalization creates favorable situations for expansion of commercial as well as economic assets.” Isn’t necessarily better than “Globalization improves economic conditions.”


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United Nations Environment Programme

Russian Federation

Water Conservation and Quality

“The centrality of water in our lives—social, economic, political and spiritual—

cannot be overestimated. Nearly every decision we make is directly linked to the use and

availability of water.” This statement, made by UNEP Executive Director Klaus Toepfer

outlines the universal importance of water, as well as how its conservation and quality

transcend the political conflicts between different nations. According to UNEP, 2.5% of the

world’s water supply is freshwater, and only 3% of that is accessible by humans, making less

than 0.01% of the water on earth available for human consumption. This is shown in an

official publication released by the World Wildlife Fund, stating that 768 million people lack

access to drinking water and approximately 2 billion people lack access to adequate water

sanitation worldwide. Much of the world’s economic growth is also affected by the amount of

clean freshwater available. A study made by the University of Washington shows a positive

correlation between average GDP per capita growth and access to safe freshwater. This study

also predicted that economic growth in developed countries will be impinged upon by 2020.

The United Nations CEO Water Mandate released a statement in 2014, saying that

global freshwater consumption today is more than twice the amount it was at during World

War II, and is predicting its increase by another 25% before 2030. Because the predicted

socioeconomic effect on the international community, there been cohesive action on the issue

in the past decades. Most recently, in August 2014, the UN Watercourses Convention was

brought into action. The UNWC, when drafted in 1997, was intended to more effectively

manage the world’s watercourses, by creating explicit international policies regarding

watercourse agreements. The whole of the UNWC was accomplished with a specific mindset:

to incorporate solving environmental issues with cohesive international action. This is the

mindset the United Nations Environment Programme must adopt in order to deal with this

crisis.

On an international level, the Russian Federation has supported various efforts on the

issue of water conservation and quality. Russia is a signatory of the Water Convention, which

entered into force in October 1996, and whose purpose is to manage and protect the surface

waters and groundwater (freshwater sources) of its member states through pooling resources

and information. Since its implementation, it has created fourteen joint bodies to confront the

issue, and has had two protocols drafted, one of which has been brought into force. Russia

has also supported GA resolution 64/292, on the topic of the human right to water and

sanitation, as well as GA resolution 54/175, on the topic of the right to development,

especially of that of environmental infrastructure. According to the CIA World Factbook,

Russia has the second most renewable freshwater sources in the world. Russia seeks to assist

conservation efforts by using these large reserves to provide water for developing countries

especially in need of it, allocating more time for research to take place. Russia looks forward

to continuing its conservation efforts, and hopes to share this knowledge with the

international community.

Committee Name Country Name

Committee Topic

A relevant statistic from an official UN source. Nice!

Wow, that makes this issue sound pretty darn important.

Official UN Document. Notice how they elaborate on what it specifically does afterwards

Strong research. This delegate is definitely solid on their country’s policy.


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Appendix 2: Position Paper Checklist Background

□ Have you included statistics/facts/quotes from sources outside of the background guide?

□ Have you addressed clear cause(s) of the issue?

International Involvement □ Have you demonstrated why this issue is pertinent to your committee? □ Have you included specific references to past UN resolutions, treaties,

conventions, or other international actions? o Have you described the specific effects of such actions?

□ Have you included references to other nations, non-UN bodies, and/or NGOs?

Country Policy □ Have you explicitly stated your country’s policy and how it is unique from that of

other countries? □ Have you included specific references to past UN resolutions, treaties, or

conventions that your country has approved of/signed?

General □ Have you formatted your document according to the guidelines on the Position

Paper Rubric? □ Have you cited all direct quotations and included references to legitimate

sources? □ Have you included abundant information from outside the background guide?


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Part 2:

Resolutions

Resolutions are your chance to be creative. Government officials and scientists. Lawyers and politicians. Engineers and economists. These are just some of the world’s most educated, experienced, and capable minds, the ones working tirelessly under the United Nations to tackle the world’s most pressing issues.

Yes, this is Model United Nations, but it’s an imperfect model. You don’t have a PhD in Hydroponics, or 30 years of UN experience. Instead, you have something more valuable—your creativity. You’ll have ideas with a flavor all your own. You’ll be able to channel a lifetime of being affected by these issues. You’ll be able to come up with solutions that are unique and profound and thoughtful because you are a unique, profound, and thoughtful human being. And hopefully, by the end of all this, you’ll be pulling out your hair, screaming “why hasn’t anyone thought of this before!?!?”


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What exactly is a resolution? A proposal to a UN Organ/Committee/Commission that states its official position on an issue, including what it will (or won’t) do to solve the issue.

What’s the difference between a resolution and a position paper? A position paper is where you get to show off your research skills by compiling information about the issue and your country’s policy.

A resolution is where you get to utilize your research to devise a creative, practical solution to a pertinent global issue.

How should I get started? First of all, choose one of your committee’s four agenda topics to address. Unlike position papers, however, you will not be focusing on the entire topic. Instead, you will zero in on a specific instance/case/solution to the topic. For example:

• Agenda Topic: Protection of Journalists in Conflict Zones o Possible Resolution Topic: Protection of Journalists in the Syrian Civil War

• Agenda Topic: Deforestation in South America o Possible Resolution Topic: Prevention of Deforestation in South America

through Creation of Forest Gardens

Okay, I’ve selected a topic, now what? Now, organize your thoughts into two categories.

• Research o Background information. Luckily, if you’ve already written a position paper,

most of the work should be done for you! • Solutions

o Brainstorm some creative solutions for the issue o Be sure to get general ideas for possible funding sources and timelines

I’ve gathered everything. How do I write the actual paper? Resolutions must be formatted a specific way, and it can get kind of confusing. Take a look at the example on the next page, then I’ll break the parts down in detail.


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United Nations Environment Programme

Session XXXVIII

Russian Federation

Protection of Biologically Diverse Habitats through Ecotourism

The General Assembly,

Noting with deep concern that the global extinction rate is 0.01% per year, per the World

Wildlife Fund (WWF), at least 1,000 times higher than the predicted extinction rate without human

interference,

Emphasizing that habitat loss is the main cause of species extinction, accounting for over 85%

of all species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and

emphasizing further that deforestation, caused by humans, is the leading cause of habitat loss, despite

the fact that forests harbor over 80% of the earth’s documented species,

Aware of the definition of ecotourism, as stated by The International Ecotourism Society

(TIES), as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being

of the local people, and involves interpretation and education,”

Recognizing the potential effectiveness of ecotourism toward preserving forests and other

biologically diverse regions by creating commercial incentive for the conservation of these regions, as

well as spreading awareness of environmental destruction,

Noting with satisfaction the positive multi-cultural involvement of ecotourism, incentivized

economically, prevalent in scenic locations in many countries around the world, such as Russia,

Applauding the efforts of TIES, IUCN, the World Tourism Organization, and the United

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Convention on Biological Diversity

toward spreading ecotourism,

Recalling General Assembly resolutions 65/440, 67/441, and 66/196, promoting ecotourism in

various global regions, as well as resolution 53/200, proclaiming 2002 as the “International Year of

Ecotourism,”

1. Endorses the creation of international policies, regulations, and guidelines concerning the

promotion of ecotourism, in order to encourage its spread in both developed and undeveloped

countries in an organized manner;

2. Encourages the international community to work towards the establishment of sufficient

infrastructure for ecotourism, exemplified by the creation of nature preserves in the Russian

Federation by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Minister of the Natural Resources and the

Environment Yury Trutnev to take place from 2013-2020;

Page 1 1

2 3

5

6

4


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3. Creates the Committee on the Regulation and Promotion of Ecotourism to undertake the

following tasks:

(a) Promote and advertise the benefits of ecotourism to the government officials of the

environment, natural resources, and tourism sectors of individual nations;

(b) Further encourage countries to facilitate ecotourism through investment in

infrastructure and the protection of natural preserves;

(c) Create a shared pool of information regarding ecotourism through:

(i) The gathering of information from relevant NGO’s, such as TIES, IUCN,

WWF, and the International Nature Conservancy;

(ii) The gathering of information from the environmental branches of its

member nations, as well as relevant United Nations organizations, such as UNEP;

(iii) The monitoring of regions where ecotourism has been implemented;

(d) Release annual reports regarding the progress on the growth of ecotourism and its

impact on the international economy and global habitat loss;

4. Affirms that membership of in this committee will be granted to any and all nations willing

to uphold the values and align their goals with the goals of the committee, including facilitating the

growth of ecotourism;

5. Asks that all member nations contribute 0.02% of their annual GDP directly gained from

ecotourism to fund the efforts of the Committee;

6. Emphasizes the importance of respect and sovereignty toward indigenous groups and their

traditions and knowledge and the importance of compliance with their wishes, however, asks for the

participation of such indigenous groups in the sharing of their cultural values to enrich the ecotourism

in their respective regions;

7. Expresses its hope in the United Nations Secretary-General to take the Committee’s reports

on ecotourism into account and to promote and share this knowledge within the international

community;

8. Declares accordingly that the Committee is to be assembled and actively engaged in its

duties, including active communication with country officials by 15 June 2015, in order to be

discussed at the United Nations General Assembly’s 70th session on 15 September 2015;

9. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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6

7


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The Anatomy of a Resolution

Heading: This is pretty simple. Committee, Session Number, Official Country Name. Title: Your title should not be the same as your agenda topic. Make the title more specific, or include the title of your proposed solution (as seen in the example) This is the name of the organ/body that you are addressing. 1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th, UNDP, UNEP, IMO, WHO, and FAO all address “The General Assembly,” Security Council I and II address the “The Security Council,” Initiating Phrases: These are underlined phrases that start off each of your clauses. There’s a list of them in Appendix 1. Preambulatory Clauses: Remember earlier, when we said to “organize your thoughts into two categories?” This is the research category. You’ll need to address background/causes of the problem, and use statistics, documents (UN resolutions, treaties, conventions, etc.), and current events to back up your explanation. You’ll also need to explain your country’s policy, and the efforts of other countries/NGOs toward solving the issue.

□ Clause is indented □ Initiating phrase is underlined □ Single space between clauses □ All clauses end with a comma

Operative Clauses: This is where you present your solution. In my opinion, this is the best part about JMUN. Here, you can combine your imagination with your worldliness to propose a solution that is viable and creative. Sub-Clauses: These are a way for you to break down large-scale, detailed ideas into manageable, comprehensible parts.

(a) Sub-Clauses begin with (a), (b), (c), etc. (i) Sub-Sub-Clauses begin with (i), (ii), (iii), etc.

1

What your solution should address: □ Is it practical? Could it actually happen? □ Does it align with your country’s policy? □ Would other countries be willing to

support it? □ Does it have a timeline? □ Does it have a funding source?

□ Each clause is numbered and indented □ Initiating phrase is underlined □ Single space between clauses □ Each clause ends with a semicolon □ Final clause ends with a period

Preambulatory Formatting

Operative Formatting

2

6

5

3

4

6


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Anything else I need to know? Yes, of course! I’m assuming you’ve had enough of tables, so I’ve collected them into this fancy-looking Microsoft Word graphic thingy. Enjoy!

You can write more!• Delegates can write up to three resolutions, one per topic

After you're done writing: Revise, Revise, Revise.• Pretend you're your own worst enemy. • Look for flaws

• Is your funding source able to provide the money?• Is the timeline going to give you enough time?

• The more you can address before you turn it in, the stronger your argument will be!

You're not done yet!• After they're all turned in, they will be graded and sorted into

packets, which you'll receive shortly after you turn them in• Each committee will have a packet with 21 resolutions each

• All debate over the course of the two days will be concerning these resolutions

Pat yourself on the back!• Writing resolutions is hard, but it's one of the most

rewarding things you'll do over the course of the year• All of your efforts will be greatly rewarded at the conference!


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Appendix 3: Clauses Preambulatory Phrases

Acknowledging Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Believing Bearing in mind Confident Congratulating Convinced Declaring Deeply concerned Deeply conscious Deeply disturbed Deeply regretting Deploring Desiring Viewing with appreciation Welcoming

Emphasizing Expecting Expressing its appreciation Expressing its satisfaction Fulfilling Fully alarmed Fully aware Fully believing Further deploring Further recalling Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having devoted attention Having examined Having received Having studied Keeping in mind

Noting further Noting with appreciation Noting with approval Noting with deep concern Noting with regret Noting with satisfaction Observing Pointing out Reaffirming Realizing Recalling Recognizing Referring Reminding Seeking Taking into account Taking into consideration

Operative Phrases Accepts Affirms Approves Asks Authorizes Calls for Calls upon Congratulates Confirms Declares accordingly Deplores

Designates Encourages Endorses Expresses its satisfaction Expresses its hope Further recommends Hopes Invites Proclaims Proposes Recommends

Regrets Requests Resolves Seeks Strongly affirms Strongly urges Suggests Supports Trusts Transmits Urges


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Appendix 4: Resolution Checklist Feasibility

□ Can your solution be practically implemented? □ Are there alternatives that are easier? □ Do you have methods to gauge the progress/success of your solution?

Funding Source □ Do you have a funding source? □ Is that funding source viable (or even better, viable and creative)? □ Do you have backup funding source(s)? □ If you do not require a funding source, have you explicitly stated so?

Timeline □ When will your solution be implemented? □ Are there multiple stages to your solution? If so, do you have a multi-part timeline

to address that? □ Will your solution be implemented soon enough to be effective?

Country Policy □ Is your solution in accordance with your country’s policy?

General □ Do you have more operative clauses than preambular (the correct answer is yes)? □ Is your solution specific, detailed, and flushed out? □ Is your paper correctly formatted?

□ Is your heading correct? □ Do you have a title that effectively encapsulates your solution? □ Do your preambular clauses end with commas? □ Do your operative clauses end with semicolons? □ Are your operative clauses numbered? □ Does your final operative clause end with a period?


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Part 3:

The Conference

You’re in the home stretch! At this point, most of the work is already done. You’ve thoroughly researched your country. You’ve written the position papers. You’ve drafted the resolutions. All that’s left to do is lay back and relax until conference day? Right?

Well… almost.

Now you have to prepare for the actual conference. If you’re a first timer, this is going to be unlike anything you’ve ever experienced before. There are procedures, phrases, and rules that you must follow. There are speeches/comments that you can make. There’s a crisis that you’ll have to deal with. The conference is a world of its own, and hopefully, this packet will help you navigate that world!

Whenever you see one of these boxes, pay attention!

This is what you’ll need to raise your placard and say if you want something to happen!


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Conference Flowchart

Opening Ceremonies

Walk to committee

room

Informal Introduction

Open Formal Debate

Roll Call

Order the agenda

Read position

paper

Formal Debate

Voting Bloc

Motion to close debate

Closing Ceremonies


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Opening Ceremonies After you arrive, you will enter the IPJ’s main theater, where opening ceremonies will take place. It’s the Secretariat’s way of formally welcoming you to the conference.

Walk to committee room This is pretty straightforward. I hope. You’ll be led by your committee’s chairs/pages.

Informal Introduction Your chairs/pages will take a couple minutes to introduce themselves, go over some key points of parliamentary procedure (will be mentioned later), point out where the restrooms are, and cover other general housekeeping information.

Open Formal Debate This is the official start of debate!

Roll Call This is your first test. It’s the first thing you’ll say at the San Diego Regional Junior Model United Nations Conference. The pressure is on. Luckily, it’s pretty easy. When the chair calls your name, you’ll say one of two things: Present: This means that you’re present and that you may abstain during voting bloc. Present and voting: This means that your country has a vested interest in one of the issues being discussed (For example, if you’re Russia and one of the topics is concerning the Syrian Civil War). By saying present and voting, you may not abstain when the committee votes on a resolution.

Order the agenda This is where you’ll set the order of the agenda topics for the conference. If you wish to order the agenda: “[Country] moves to order the agenda __, __, __” Ex: “Russia moves to order the agenda, I, III, II” The committee will then vote upon the proposed orders in the order they were introduced. The first proposal that receives a majority of votes passes, and the remaining proposals will not be voted upon.

Read position paper The secretariat has preselected position papers that will be read in committee. Please be sure to bring hard copies of your position papers. There will be two position papers read per agenda topic.

How to open Formal Debate “[Country] moves to open formal debate”


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Formal Debate This will make up the bulk of your time in committee. You’ll be methodically going through the resolutions in the packet. Here is what the process looks like:

1. Speakers’ List a. Speech 1 (1 min)

i. Comment 1 (30 sec) ii. Comment 2 (30 sec)

b. Speech 2 (1 min) i. Comment 1 (30 sec) ii. Comment 2 (30 sec)

c. Speech 3 (1 min) i. Comment 1 (30 sec) ii. Comment 2 (30 sec)

d. Speech 4 (1 min) i. Comment 1 (30 sec) ii. Comment 2 (30 sec)

e. Speech 5 (1 min) i. Comment 1 (30 sec) ii. Comment 2 (30 sec)

Speeches You’ll be making tons of speeches during your time at the conference. This is the main way you get your policy across, so make sure these are strong!

Formal debate speeches generally follow this format:

_________________ ________________ opposes/supports resolution ___-___ because:

I yield the rest of my time to ____________.

This is repeated seven times—once for each resolution in the topic

How to be added to the Speakers’ List “[Country] moves to be added to the speakers’ list.”

How to make a comment After a speech has been made “[Country] moves to make a comment.”

How to open Speakers’ List This only needs to be done once per agenda topic. “[Country] moves to open the speakers’ list”

(Country) (adverb)

(resolution number)

1.

2.

3.

These reasons can be about anything: timeline, funding source, practicality, etc.

You can yield your time to the chair if you’re done speaking, or to another delegate.

How to order Resolutions “[Country] moves to set the resolution order, __, __, __, __, __, __, __.”

Pro tip: Don’t raise your placard until the chair opens the floor!


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Example Speeches

Standard format. Addresses timeline, funding source, and effectiveness of solution.

Notice use of research and statistics in the speeches. You can tell the delegate is well-prepared!

This delegate takes a unique stance, questioning the need for the resolution at all. Speeches that deviate from the standard topics are awesome, and try to be original in your arguments as much as you can!

The Russian Federation vehemently opposes resolution I-4.

One reason is because of the lack of specific funding sources, timeline, or implementation of solutions to solve the problem.

Another reason is that Russia believes we should not be focusing on South Africa. According to the World Bank, 82.7% of South African citizens have access to electricity. Compare that statistic to the 22 countries with less than 20% population with electricity availability, including Chad, South Sudan, and Rwanda, and over 30 countries with less than 50%, including Haiti, Somalia, and Ethiopia. Shouldn’t the efforts of the committee be focused on making electricity available for these even less fortunate countries instead of putting its efforts into such a politically unstable country as South Africa?

I yield the rest of my time to the chair

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea enthusiastically supports resolution II-1.

The proposed funding source of $15,000 from the United Nations Youth Organization of Romania is appropriate and realistic, considering that only takes up 0.01% of their annual budget.

Their timeline is reasonable, allowing for ample time for teachers to prepare and relocate to the area.

The solution is specific and effective, targeting the fundamental source of the problem, which is the low literacy rate due to lack of infrastructure.

I yield the rest of my time to the chair


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Comments Comments are basically mini-speeches. However, be sure that your comment relates directly back to the speech that you’re making the comment on.

Tip: If you don’t get picked to speak on the speakers’ list but you prepared a speech, take some time to adjust your speech and make it a comment. That way, your preparation doesn’t go to waste!

Last notes on formal debate This is the basic skeleton of substantive debate, but there are different things you can motion for/propose during debate as well.

Check out the table on the following page for a list of miscellaneous motions, their functions, and their wording.

Keep in mind that the chair has a right to rule something dilatory, which means that they don’t feel like now is the right time to do something. For example, if it’s 10:00am on the first day and you motion to suspend debate for lunch, chances are they’re going to rule that dilatory.


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Voting Bloc After you have had ample discussion on each resolution in a topic, a delegate may move to enter voting bloc. Before voting to enter voting bloc, the Chair will select two speakers for the motion and two against the motion.

During voting bloc: No notes may be passed. No one who is not a delegate/Secretariat member may be present in the room. No one will be allowed to enter or leave the room. The page will stand outside to guard the door. The lights may or may not be dimmed for dramatic effect.

After entering voting bloc, the chair will open the floor, and you may propose special motions to alter voting procedure.

If no special procedures are used, you’ll simply use your delegates to vote yes, no, or abstain. Remember, if you said “present and voting” during roll call, you may not abstain.

After all resolutions are voted upon, you may motion to exit voting bloc.

After voting bloc, you return to formal debate on your remaining topics.

If you have finished debate on all topics, you may motion to close debate, and you will then file out and go to closing ceremonies.

How to propose entering voting bloc “[Country] moves to enter voting bloc.”

How to divide the question Voting separately on each part of a resolution “[Country] moves to divide resolution __-__ into clauses _ through _ and clauses _ through _”

How to use a roll call vote Each country will be called out alphabetically to vote individually on a resolution

Must be voted upon and agreed to by a majority.

“[Country] moves for a roll call vote on resolution __-__.”

How to adopt by acclamation The chair will call for objections. If no one objects, the resolution passes automatically

“[Country] moves to adopt resolution __-__ by acclamation.”


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Miscellaneous Motions Item What is it? How do you do it? Unmoderated Caucus

During “unmods,” you’ll be free to walk around the room and talk with whomever you like on whatever issue-related topic you’d like. You can promote your resolution, voice your opinions, propose/gather signatories for an amendment. Pretty much anything.

“[Country] moves for a ___ minute unmoderated caucus.”

Moderated Caucus

This is a way to address a specific part of the issue exclusively. For example, you might want to address the funding source for resolution III-5. “Mods” will function with a popcorn-like style, with each delegate raising their placard to speak, one after the other, for a designated amount of time.

“[Country] moves for a ___ minute moderated caucus with a ___ second speaking time on the topic of ____________.”

Change number

At any point, you may change the number of speeches/comments allowed on a given resolution/speech. The default number is 5 speeches with 2 comments on each.

“[Country] moves to limit the number of ________ to ___.”

Change duration

Same goes for the length of speeches/comments. The default length is 2 minutes for speeches and 30 seconds for comments.

“[Country] moves to set the speaking time for ________ to _______ min/sec.”

Replace comments with question

If, instead of comments after a speech, you’d like for other delegates to pose questions, you may use this motion.

“[Country] moves to replace comments with __ questions.”

Point of Personal Privilege

This is used if you are having an issue in the committee room. Can’t hear the speaker? Is the room too hot? Is there a large spider on your desk?

“Point of personal privilege, ____________.”

Point of Order If you think the chair has done something incorrectly/violated the rules of procedure, you can use this to politely point it out.

“Point of order, __________.”

Point of Inquiry

If you have a question regarding procedural matters or logistics. For example, if you forget how to be added to the speakers’ list.

“Point of inquiry, __________.”

Suspend Debate

This is used before lunch and at the end of the first day to temporarily end debate.

“[Country] moves to suspend debate.”

Close Debate Unlike suspending debate, closing debate happens at the end of the last day, and is typically a very sad time for everyone :(.

“[Country] moves to close debate.”

Right of Reply If you or your country is personally attacked through an abusive or inappropriate remark, you may invoke a right of reply. If the chair approves, will have 30 seconds to respond to the remark.

“[Country] invokes right of reply in response to _____.”

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