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POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
JJ508-ENGINEERING LAB 3 PRACTICAL RUBRIC
1. PRACTICAL TASK
i. Technical Skill /psychomotor(20 marks)
CRITERIA NEED
IMPROVEMENT
(1)
SATISFACTORY
(2)
GOOD
(3)
EXCELLENCE
(4)
SCORE
SAFETY Safety procedures
were ignored.
Lab is carried out
with some
attention to
relevant safety
procedures.
Lab is generally
carried out with
attention to
relevant safety
procedures.
Lab is carried out
with fully
attention to
relevant safety
procedures.
___X 2. 5 =
EXPERIMENT
SETUP &
COMPLETENESS
Experiment are not
working
Experiment need
for major
adjustment to
work
Experiment need
for minor
adjustment to
work
Experiment work
properly ___ X 2. 5 =
SCORE
ii. Leadership & Teamwork Skill (40 marks)
CRITERIA NEED
IMPROVEMENT
(1)
SATISFACTORY
(2)
GOOD
(3)
EXCELLENCE
(4)
SCORE
TEAMWORK SKILLS
Inactive participate
members. Task
assigned
individually.
Few members
participate
actively.
Tasks are assigned
to few members.
Most members
contribute. Task
are assigned to
some members.
All members take
an active role.
Tasks are defined
by the group and
assigned to all
members.
___ X 2. 5 =
PARTICIPATION
Never willing to
participate or
volunteer
information or
opinion. Never able
to respond to
questions or issues
raised.
Rarely willing to
participate or
volunteer
information or
opinion. Rarely
responds to
questions or issues
raised but often
create issues.
Often willing to
participate
occasionally
volunteer
information or
opinion.
Occasionally
responds to
questions and
contribute
opinion to issues
raised.
Always willing to
participate and
consistently
volunteer
information or
opinion.
Frequently give
quick responds to
questions or
issues raised.
___X 2. 5 =
CONTRIBUTIONS Rarely provides
useful
ideas when
participating in the
group and in
classroom
discussion.
May refuse to
participate.
Sometimes
provides
useful ideas when
participating in the
group and in
classroom
discussion.
A satisfactory
group
member who does
what is required.
Usually provides
useful
ideas when
participating in
the
group and in
classroom
discussion.
A strong group
member who
tries
hard!
Routinely
provides
useful ideas when
participating in
the
group and in
classroom
discussion.
A leader who
contributes a lot
of
effort.
___X 2. 5 =
DEMONSTRATE
GOOD MANNERS
Often arrive late
and rarely
prepared.
Occasionally arrive
late or
unprepared.
Rarely arrive late
or unprepared.
Always arrive on
time and
prepared.
__ X 2. 5 =
SCORE
2. TECHNICAL REPORT (40 marks)
CRITERIA NEED
IMPROVEMENT
(1)
SATISFACTORY
(2)
GOOD
(3)
EXCELLENCE
(4)
SCORE
DATA Presentation of the
data in tables or
graphs is done
correctly and
accordingly. Graphs
and tables are
labeled and titled.
Accurate
presentation of
data in tables or
graphs. Graphs and
tables are labeled
and titled.
Accurate
presentation of
data in written
form, but no
graphs or tables is
presented.
Data are not
shown OR are
inaccurate.
____X 2.0=
CALCULATIONS All calculations are
shown and the
result are correct
and labeled
appropriately.
Some calculations
are shown and the
result are correct
and labeled
appropriately.
Some calculations
are shown and the
result labeled
appropriately.
No calculations
are shown.
___X 2. 0 =
DISCUSSION (i)
Analyze the
findings. Explain
the trends and
oddities in the
data.
Explain the trends
and oddities in the
data.
Explain very
briefly the trends
and oddities in the
data.
Needs to explain
trends and
oddities in the
data.
___X 2. 0 =
DISCUSSION(ii)
Analyze the
findings. Explain
the trends and
oddities in the
data.
Explain the trends
and oddities in the
data.
Explain very
briefly the trends
and oddities in the
data.
Needs to explain
trends and
oddities in the
data.
___ X 2. 0 =
CONCLUSION Conclusion includes
whether the
findings supported
the hypothesis,
possible sources of
error, and what
was learned from
the experiment.
Conclusion
includes whether
the findings
supported the
hypothesis and
what was learned
from the
experiment.
Conclusions
includes what was
learned from the
experiment.
No conclusion
was included in
the report.
____X 2.0 =
SCORE
TOTAL SCORE
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORY
MECHANIC OF MACHINE THERMODYNAMICS 2 METALLURGY
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABSHEET LABSHEET LABSHEET LABSHEET
JJ5JJ5JJ5JJ508 08 08 08
ENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORY
MECHANIC OF MACHINETHERMODYNAMICS 2 METALLURGY 2
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORYENGINEERING LABORATORY 3333
MECHANIC OF MACHINE
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MECHANIC OF
MACHINE
EXPERIMENT 1: BELT FRICTION
EXPERIMENT 2: COMPOUND PENDULUM 1
EXPERIMENT 2: COMPOUND PENDULUM 2
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA,
KEDAH DARUL AMAN
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
Page : 5
Laboratory Practise : ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Semester : 5
Programme : DKM5A/5B/5C/5D/5E
Time : 2 HOURS per week
Code & Course :
JJ 508- ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
(MECHANIC OF MACHINE)
1.0 TITLE
Belt Friction Apparatus
2.0 OBJECTIVE:
i. To determine different type of belts friction.
ii. To compare different type of belts friction.
iii. Influence of belt force and angle of contact.
3.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME
i. Analyze critically the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects. (C4)
ii. Organize appropriately electrical and engineering mechanics experiments in groups according to the standard of
procedures. (P4)
iii. Write critically the appropriate report in group based on the experiment results. (A2)
4.0 INTRODUCTION
Belt is a flexible band which is in power transmission. It is able to transfer the power from one point to the other points
with minimum power loss. The belt is able to work smoothly and quietly even without the requirement of lubrication.
Belt friction is a term describing the friction forces between a belt and a surface, such as a belt wrapped around a
bollard. When one end of the belt is being pulled only part of this force is transmitted to the other end. The friction force
makes that the tension in the belt can be different at both ends of the belt. Belt friction can be modeled by the Belt friction
equation. The equation used to model belt friction is, assuming the belt has no mass and its material is a fixed composition.
V-Belt : T2 = T1e.kosek.
Flat Belt : T2 = T1e
where is the tension of the pulling side, which is typically the greater force, is the tension of the resisting side, is
the static friction coefficient, which has no units, and is the angle, in radians formed by the first and last spots the belt
touches the pulley, with the vertex at the center of the pulley.
5.0 EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM
Figure 1: Experimental Setup For Belt Friction Apparatus
Formula:
V-Belt : T2 = T1e.kosek.
Flat Belt : T2 = T1e
Where: 2 =
: convert to radian unit.
6.0 APPARATUS:
i. LS-12001-BF Belt Friction Apparatus main frame.
ii. V-belt.
iii. Flat Belt
iv. Spring scales.
7.0 PROCEDURES
i. Place the LS-12001-BF Belt Friction Apparatus on a level table.
ii. Fix the belt brackets to both end of the V-belt. Tighten it by screws.
iii. Fix both ends of the belt brackets to spring scales. One end is normal spring scale (A) while the other end is spring
scale with screw strut (E). Tighten it with screws and nuts.
iv. Open the safety acrylic door using the door handle. (Do not open the door using the bottom right end as it may
break the acrylic)
v. Insert the spring scale screw strut into the inner side hole of the screw strut holder (F). Tighten it with wing nut (G).
(Do not fully tighten the wing nut)
vi. Place the spring scale to the spring scale holder (D) at desirable angle (i.e. 300, 60
0).
vii. Close the safety acrylic door.
viii. Apply the load to V-belt by turning the wing nut. Use a hand to hold the screw strut while the other hands to turn
the wing nut.
ix. Keep an eye on the spring scale reading. Turn the wing nuts until the load apply reached desirable value.
x. Take the reading at the other spring scale and record it into the table.
xi. Loosen the wing nut and repeat the experiment with other angles. (Do not repeat with the angle close to previous
angle as this would not give significant difference).
8.0 RESULTS:
Angle ( 0
) Spring Scale 1 (N) Spring Scale 2 (N) Coefficient of Friction,
45
90
180
TABLE 1: V-BELT
Angle ( 0
) Spring Scale 1 (N) Spring Scale 2 (N) Coefficient of Friction,
45
90
180
TABLE 2: FLAT-BELT
9.0 CALCULATIONS:
10.0 DISCUSSION:
From this experiment;
i. What is the different between the V-belt and Flat belt?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Briefly describe your observation on belts friction with respect to the position angle.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
11.0 CONCLUSION:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA,
KEDAH DARUL AMAN
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
Page : 7
Laboratory Practise : ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Semester : 5
Programme : DKM5A/5B/5C/5D/5E
Time : 2 HOURS per week
Code & Course :
JJ 508- ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
(MECHANIC OF MACHINE)
1.0 TITLE
Compound Pendulum (Frequency of the rod motion)
2.0 OBJECTIVE:
i. To determine the frequency of motion of a compound pendulum.
3.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME
i. Analyze critically the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects. (C4)
ii. Organize appropriately electrical and engineering mechanics experiments in groups according to the standard of
procedures. (P4)
iii. Write critically the appropriate report in group based on the experiment results. (A2)
4.0 INTRODUCTION
A compound pendulum, in its simplest form, consists of a rigid body suspended vertically at a point which allows it to
oscillates in small amplitude under the action of gravity.
Consider a bar suspended at point O and is free to oscillate.
5.0 EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM
Figure 1: Experimental Setup For Compound and Simple Pendulum
Rod
Screw to tightened bob weight against the rod
Bob weight
Centre of Suspension
A compound Pendulum
O is the point of suspension
G is the centre of gravity
m is the mass of the body
is the angular displacement
is the angular acceleration
I0 is the mass moment of inertia of the body
When the body is given a small displacement , the restoring moment about O to bring the body back to its equilibrium
position is given by:
Restoring moment, Mr = m*g*h sin
Disturbing moment, Md = I0 *
Since is small, sin = , therefore;
m*g*h = I0 *
= (m*g*h ) / I0
periodic 9me = 2 * (Displacement / accelera9on)
= 2 * ( / )
= 2 * [I0 / (m*g*h)]
Frequency of motion, n = 1/ (periodic time)
= (1/2) * [ (m*g*h) / I0]
From parallel axis theorem,
I0 = Ig + mh2
Ig = m k2
Where k is the radius of gyration
6.0 APPARATUS:
i. A simple compound pendulum consisting of a rod and a cylindrical bob weight.
ii. A stop watch
7.0 PROCEDURES
I. If the bob weight is attached to the rod, remove it.
II. Measure and record the diameter of the rod at least at 5 locations.
III. Measure and record the length of the rod to obtain the position of centre of gravity.
IV. Measure and record the distance the point of suspension from the end of the rod (close to the point of suspension).
V. Weigh and record the weight of the rod.
VI. Hang the rod at the point of suspension.
VII. Take a stopwatch and set it to zero. Familiarized yourself with the operation of the stopwatch.
VIII. Displace the rod at a small angle.
IX. Release the rod and start the stopwatch simultaneously.
X. Stop the watch after the rod has excuted 5 cycles of oscillations.
XI. Record this time in the Table provided.
XII. Repeat step 6 to 10 for a few more times to get the average readings of time over 5 oscillations.
XIII. Remove the rod and hang it at a new point of suspension. Measure and record the distance the point of suspension
from the end of the rod (close to the point of suspension).
XIV. Repeat step 7 to 12
8.0 RESULTS
Weight of rod = kg
Length of rod = m
Distance of point of suspension from the top end of the rod = m
Rod Diameter (m)
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4 Reading 5 Average
TABLE 1: AVERAGE DIAMETER OF ROD
No. of Oscillations Time 1 sec
Time 2 sec
Average Time sec
5
10
15
20
TABLE 2: TIME OF OSCILLATION
Plot the graph of average time Vs no of oscillations
Plot the trend curve (best fit curve) with equations.
Slope of the graph represents the periodic time
Time per cycle(oscillation), periodic time = sec
Calculate the mass moment of inertia about the point of suspension
Calculate the theoretical periodic time and hence the frequency of motion.
9.0 CALCULATIONS:
10.0 DISCUSSION:
From this experiment;
i. What is the frequency of motion when the distance of the point of suspension from the centre of gravity of the rod is decrease? ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Briefly describe your observation on pendulum with respect to the position angle.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
11.0 CONCLUSION:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA,
KEDAH DARUL AMAN
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
Page : 7
Laboratory Practise : ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Semester : 5
Programme : DKM5A/5B/5C/5D/5E
Time : 2 HOURS per week
Code & Course :
JJ 508- ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
(MECHANIC OF MACHINE)
1.0 TITLE
Compound Pendulum (Frequency of the rod motion with bob weight)
2.0 OBJECTIVE:
i. To determine the frequency of motion of a compound pendulum.
3.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME
i. Analyze critically the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects. (C4)
ii. Organize appropriately electrical and engineering mechanics experiments in groups according to the standard of
procedures. (P4)
iii. Write critically the appropriate report in group based on the experiment results. (A2)
4.0 INTRODUCTION
A compound pendulum, in its simplest form, consists of a rigid body suspended vertically at a point which allows it to
oscillates in small amplitude under the action of gravity.
Consider a bar suspended at point O and is free to oscillate.
5.0 EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM
Figure 1: Experimental Setup For Compound and Simple Pendulum
Rod
Screw to tightened bob weight against the rod
Bob weight
Centre of Suspension
A compound Pendulum
O is the point of suspension
G is the centre of gravity
m is the mass of the body
is the angular displacement
is the angular acceleration
I0 is the mass moment of inertia of the body
When the body is given a small displacement , the restoring
position is given by:
Restoring moment, Mr = m*g*h sin
Disturbing moment, Md = I0 *
Since is small, sin = , therefore;
m*g*h = I0 *
= (m*g*h ) / I
periodic 8me = 2 * (Displacement / acceleration)
= 2 * ( / )
= 2 * [I0 / (m*g*h)]
Frequency of motion, n = 1/ (periodic time)
= (1/2) * [ (m*g*h) / I
From parallel axis theorem,
I0 = Ig + mh2
Ig = m k2
Where k is the radius of gyration
is the mass moment of inertia of the body
When the body is given a small displacement , the restoring moment about O to bring the body back to its equilibrium
= m*g*h sin
= (m*g*h ) / I0
(Displacement / acceleration)
/ (m*g*h)]
Frequency of motion, n = 1/ (periodic time)
= (1/2) * [ (m*g*h) / I0]
moment about O to bring the body back to its equilibrium
6.0 APPARATUS:
i. A simple compound pendulum consisting of a rod and a cylindrical bob weight.
ii. A stop watch
7.0 PROCEDURES
I. Take the bob weight and weight it. Record its weight II. Measure and record the diameter of the bob weight to obtain the position of centre of gravity.
III. Measure and record the thickness of the bob weight. IV. Decide the position of the bob weight on the rod. V. Insert the rod through the hole in the bob weight until the decided location. VI. Tightened the screw on the bob weigth against the rod to hold the bob weight in position. VII. Measure the distance of the centre of gravity of the bob weight from the point of suspension VIII. Take a stopwatch and set it to zero. Familiarized yourself with the operation of the stopwatch. IX. Displace the rod at a small angle. X. Release the rod and start the stopwatch simultaneously. XI. Stop the watch after the rod has excited 5 cycles of oscillations. XII. Repeat step 8 to 11 for a few more times to get the average readings of time over the measured
oscillations. XIII. Record the time in the Table provided. XIV. Repeat step 10 to 11 for 10, 15 and 20 oscillations. XV. Repeat with a few more positions of the bob weight.
8.0 RESULTS
Weight of rod = kg
Length of rod = m
Distance of point of suspension from the top end of the rod = m
Rod Diameter (m)
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4 Reading 5 Average
TABLE 1: AVERAGE DIAMETER OF ROD
No. of Oscillations Time 1 sec
Time 2 sec
Average Time sec
5
10
15
20
TABLE 2: TIME OF OSCILLATION
Plot the graph of average time Vs no of oscillations
Plot the trend curve (best fit curve) with equations.
Slope of the graph represents the periodic time
Time per cycle(oscillation), periodic time = sec
Calculate the mass moment of inertia about the point of suspension
Calculate the theoretical periodic time and hence the frequency of motion.
9.0 CALCULATIONS:
10.0 DISCUSSION:
From this experiment;
i. What is the frequency of motion when the bob weight is added to the rod? ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ii. What is the frequency of motion when the bob weight moves closer to the point of suspension? ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
11.0 CONCLUSION:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
THERMODYNAMICS 2
EXPERIMENT 1: VALVE TIMING
EXPERIMENT 2: HEAT EXCHANGER 1
EXPERIMENT 3: HEAT EXCHANGER 2
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal
Page : 4 Laboratory Practise: EXPERIMENT 1 Semester : 5 Programme : DKM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
VALVE TIMING (4 stroke) 1. PRACTICE: Valve Timing
2. OBJECTIVE The objectives are:
i.students may know how valve timing works ii.students know how to determine the valve timing of a 4-stroke reciprocating engine iii.students able to construct the valve timing diagram
3. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES : i. Analyse critically data of the experimental data in ralaton to the theoretical aspects. ii. Organize appropriately experiments in groups according to the standard of procedures. iii. Write critically the appropriate report based on the experiment results.
4. THEORY Figure 1 show a typical valve timing diagram and the associated terminology for example.
Figure 1
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal
Page : 4 Laboratory Practise: EXPERIMENT 1 Semester : 5 Programme : DKM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
A= inlet valve lead B=inlet valve lag C= exhaust valve lead D= exhaust valve lag A+D= valve overlap
The sequence of opening and closing the inlet and exhaust valve is designed to increase the breathing or volumetric efficiency, of the engine, and achieved by arrangement of the valve train components, in particular the cam drive and shape of the cam lobes.
However, since the timing does not vary with the speed engine, the maximum charging and scavenging of the cylinder during a cycle are obtained only around a certain engine speed. Consequently, a racing engine with large valve leads and lags which will permit good volumetric efficiency at high speed must have a relatively high idling speed and economical fuel consumption at the lower engine speed.
5. APPARATUS: The apparatus needed are: a. single clylinder 4-stroke spark ignition engine b. dial indicator c. magnetic base d. masking tape e. pen knivel f. sciencetific calculator
6. METHOD
a. Expose the flywheel and the valve by removing the flywheel cover and the cylinder head.
b. Attach masking tape around the circumference of the flywheel
c. Using a suitable datum on the cylinder block, mark TDC and BDC on the masking tape by observing the position of piston in the selected cylinder as flywheel is turned over.
d. Identify the inlet and exhaust valve and determine the direction of rotation of the engine.
e. Set up the dial indicator with the magnetic base on the top of the block. the shaft of the indicator should rest on the appropriate valve whose opening and closing to be observed.
f. Turn the flywheel clocewise slowly by hand and proceed to mark on the masking tape the point in the circle when inlet valve opens, inlet valve closes , exhaust valve opens and exhaust valve closes respectively.
g. Remove the masking tape and measure the valve leads and lags.
h. Constuct the valve-timing diagram using the cardboard.
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal
Page : 4 Laboratory Practise: EXPERIMENT 1 Semester : 5 Programme : DKM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
5. OBSERVATION Calculate length of masking tape (l) : mm. length from inlet valve open (IVO) to inlet valve close (IVC) (a) : mm. length from inlet valve close (IVC) to ignition time (IG) (b) : mm. length from ignition time (IG) to exhaust valve open (EVO) : mm. length from exhaust valve open (EVO) to exhaust valve close (EVC) (e): mm. length from inlet valve open (IVO) to exhaust valve close (EVO) (d) : mm
Calculate the valves duration for:
a) induction stroke
b) compression stroke
c) power stroke
d) exhaust stroke
e) overlap
6. DISCUSSION
a. Draw the valve-timing diagram
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal
Page : 4 Laboratory Practise: EXPERIMENT 1 Semester : 5 Programme : DKM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
b) Conclusion
REFERENCES:
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLYTHECNIC SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Page : 5 Laboratory Practise: EXPERIMENT 2 (THERMODYNAMICS 2) Semester : 5 Programme : DKM / DMK / DJL / DTP / DEM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
1.0 TITLE: SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
2.0 OBJECTIVES:
i. Calculate heat transfer rate, Q. ii. Determined the overall coefficient of heat transition, U ( kW/m2K ) iii. Examine the effect of fluid exchanger rate to the coefficient value, U and heat transfer rate, Q. iv. Describe the differences of heat transfer rate between one way flow ( co-current ) and opposite flow ( counter-
current ). v. Define efficiency of heat transfer process vi. To compare heat transfer rate for different method.
3.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES :
i. Conduct appropriately experiments in groups according to the standard of procedures.
ii. Analyse critically the data of the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects.
iii. Write critically the appropriate report based on the experiment results.
4.0 INTRODUCTION:
Purpose of heat exchangers Heat exchangers are used for heat transfer between two media. The media do not come into direct contact and there is no mixing. Heat is transported from the hot medium to the cold medium by way of a heat-conducting partition. Some examples of heat exchangers are car radiators ( media : water / air ), oil coolers (media : oil / air or water ) and cooling coils in refrigerators ( media : air / refrigerant ). The Heat Exchangers Service Unit uses water for both media.
Function of heat exchangers As it flow along the partition, the hot medium emits heat to the partition and cools down in doing so. In turn, the heated partition passes heat to the cold medium flowing along the other side of the partition. This medium is thus heated. The heat transfer process at the partition can therefore can be described in term of three separate stage :
i. Hot medium emits heat to the partition. ii. partition conducts heat from the hot surface to the cold surface. iii. partition emits heat to the cold medium.
Figure 1.1 provides a schematic view of the temperature profile at the partition. Each of the three heat-transfer stage is assigned a temperature difference T1 , TW and T2. The efficiency of a heat exchangers is determined by the level of heat transport in the three heat-transfer stages.
T1
T1 TW1 TW2 TW
T2 T2
Distance
Fig. 1.1 Temperature profile with heat transfer and heat conduction at partition
Water (H20) physical properties Temperature Density Specific Heat Capacity, Cp
C K [kg/dm 3] [kJ/kg.K] 0 273 0.9998 4.220
20 293 0.9982 4.183 40 313 0.9921 4.178 60 333 0.9830 4.191 80 353 0.9720 4.199 100 373 0.9580 4.216
Related Formulas:
i. Mass flowrate, [kg/s] = vc
ii. Heat supplied, Qh [kJ/s] = Cp Th = Cp (Th-in Th-out)
iii. Heat recieved, Qc [kJ/s] = Cp Tc = Cp (Tc-in Tc-out)
iv. Average heat transferred, [kJ/s] = (Qh + Qc )/2
Cool side Medium 2
T
s
partition Hot side Medium 1
v. Tm [C] = ( Tmax Tmin ) / ln (Tmax/Tmin) For uni-directional flow; Tmax = (Th-in Tc-in) Tmin = (Th-out Tc-out)
vi. = U Am Tm U [kJ/m2sK] = / (Am Tm )
Heat profile for uni-directional flow
5.0 APPARATUS:
i. Heat Exchanger Services Unit ii. Shell and tube iii. Medium- pipe water
Apparatus specification Heat Exchanger Type Area, Amin [m2]
Shell and tube 0.0200 Tubular 0.0227 Plat 0.0400
T1
Tmin
T3 T4
T2
Tmax
6.0 PROCEDURES:
A. Heating of hot-water tank .
i. Check of water level in tank and top up if necessary. ii. Switch on master switch. iii. Set the desired hot-water temperature at temperature controller. iv. Switch on heater. Heating from an ambient temperature of 20 0 to 60 0 C requires approx. 20 min. While heating
up start with bleeding procedure. B. Bleeding of heat exchanger
i. Set uniflow or counter-current by connecting hose with base apparatus. Only change cold-water hoses! Otherwise there is a danger of scalding!
ii. Set a high cold-water flow rate with flow control valve ( 4 L/ min ). Allow water to run until no more bubbles are visible.
iii. Switch on pump. iv. Use flow - control valve to set high hot-water flow rate. Allow water to run briefly. v. Carefully open bleeder valve for hot water flow and allow water to run for a short while.
C. Experiment i. Set desired hot flow rates, Vh at flow-control valve same as in the table 1. ii. Set the first rates for cold water , Vc . Wait until Thermal equilibrium is attained or stable. Take Flow rates value
in the table 1. iii. Take the inlet and outlet temperature readings for hot and cold flow. iv. Repeat the step above with changes the cold flow rates at low value.
7.0 RESULTS:
i. Complete the result in the table 1 by using the data table given. ii. Sketch the temperature profile for the both flow.
8.0 DISCUSSIONS:
i. Sketch the schematic diagram of heat exchanger which its shows the directions of liquid flow. ii. It is the outlet heat energy same with the inlet heat energy. Describes. iii. What is the effect of the heat exchanger flow rate to heat transfer rate and overall coefficient heat transition
value, U. iv. Describe the effect of flow direction changes to heat transfer operation and its relationship with the design
aspect.
9.0 CONCLUSION :
Conclude the short conclusion / result that you get with refers to the experiment objectives.
REFERENCES:
APPENDIX 1
Heat exchanger type:
TABLE 1
Unidirectional flow
Hot flowrate, vb = 2.5 L/min
Specific
Heat
Capacity
, C
Water
Density
Water
mass
flowrate
, m
Heat
supplied
, Qh
Heat
received
, Qc
Average
heat
transferred
Tm
Heat
transfer
coefficient,
U
Note
No
.
Cool
flowrate,
vc
Tc-in Tc-out Th-in Th-out [kJ/kg.K] [kg/m3] [kg/s] [kJ/s] [kJ/s] [kJ/s] [C] [kW/m
2.K]
1
2
3
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLYTHECNIC SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Page : 5 Laboratory Practise: EXPERIMENT 3 (THERMODYNAMICS 2) Semester : 5 Programme : DKM / DMK / DJL / DTP / DEM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
1.0 TITLE: SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
2.0 OBJECTIVES:
i. Calculate heat transfer rate, Q. ii. Determined the overall coefficient of heat transition, U ( kW/m2K ) iii. Examine the effect of fluid exchanger rate to the coefficient value, U and heat transfer rate, Q. iv. Describe the differences of heat transfer rate between one way flow ( co-current ) and opposite flow ( counter-
current ). v. Define efficiency of heat transfer process vi. To compare heat transfer rate for different method.
3.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES :
i. Conduct appropriately experiments in groups according to the standard of procedures.
ii. Analyse critically the data of the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects.
iii. Write critically the appropriate report based on the experiment results.
4.0 INTRODUCTION:
Purpose of heat exchangers Heat exchangers are used for heat transfer between two media. The media do not come into direct contact and there is no mixing. Heat is transported from the hot medium to the cold medium by way of a heat-conducting partition. Some examples of heat exchangers are car radiators ( media : water / air ), oil coolers (media : oil / air or water ) and cooling coils in refrigerators ( media : air / refrigerant ). The Heat Exchangers Service Unit uses water for both media.
Function of heat exchangers As it flow along the partition, the hot medium emits heat to the partition and cools down in doing so. In turn, the heated partition passes heat to the cold medium flowing along the other side of the partition. This medium is thus heated. The heat transfer process at the partition can therefore can be described in term of three separate stage :
i. Hot medium emits heat to the partition. ii. partition conducts heat from the hot surface to the cold surface. iii. partition emits heat to the cold medium.
Figure 1.1 provides a schematic view of the temperature profile at the partition. Each of the three heat-transfer stage is assigned a temperature difference T1 , TW and T2. The efficiency of a heat exchangers is determined by the level of heat transport in the three heat-transfer stages.
T1
T1 TW1 TW2 TW
T2 T2
Distance
Fig. 1.1 Temperature profile with heat transfer and heat conduction at partition
Water (H20) physical properties Temperature Density Specific Heat Capacity, Cp
C K [kg/dm 3] [kJ/kg.K] 0 273 0.9998 4.220
20 293 0.9982 4.183 40 313 0.9921 4.178 60 333 0.9830 4.191 80 353 0.9720 4.199 100 373 0.9580 4.216
Related Formulas:
i. Mass flowrate, [kg/s] = vc
ii. Heat supplied, Qh [kJ/s] = Cp Th = Cp (Th-in Th-out)
iii. Heat recieved, Qc [kJ/s] = Cp Tc = Cp (Tc-in Tc-out)
iv. Average heat transferred, [kJ/s] = (Qh + Qc )/2
Cool side Medium 2
T
s
partition Hot side Medium 1
v. Tm [C] = ( Tmax Tmin ) / ln (Tmax/Tmin)
For counter-directional flow; Tmax = (Th-in Tc-out) Tmin = (Th-out Tc-in)
vi. = U Am Tm U [kJ/m2sK] = / (Am Tm )
Heat profile for counter-directional flow
5.0 APPARATUS:
i. Heat Exchanger Services Unit ii. Shell and tube iii. Medium- pipe water
Apparatus specification Heat Exchanger Type Area, Amin [m2]
Shell and tube 0.0200 Tubular 0.0227 Plat 0.0400
T1
Tmin
T3 T4
T2 Tmax
6.0 PROCEDURES:
A. Heating of hot-water tank .
i. Check of water level in tank and top up if necessary. ii. Switch on master switch. iii. Set the desired hot-water temperature at temperature controller. iv. Switch on heater. Heating from an ambient temperature of 20 0 to 60 0 C requires approx. 20 min. While heating
up start with bleeding procedure. B. Bleeding of heat exchanger
i. Set uniflow or counter-current by connecting hose with base apparatus. Only change cold-water hoses! Otherwise there is a danger of scalding!
ii. Set a high cold-water flow rate with flow control valve ( 4 L/ min ). Allow water to run until no more bubbles are visible.
iii. Switch on pump. iv. Use flow - control valve to set high hot-water flow rate. Allow water to run briefly. v. Carefully open bleeder valve for hot water flow and allow water to run for a short while.
C. Experiment i. Switch off the pump. ii. change the flow direction from the co-current to counter-current. Only iii. change cold water hoses. iv. Switch on pump and rewind step above in experiment 1. v. take down the flow rates and temperatures reading in the table 1.
7.0 RESULTS:
i. Complete the result in the table 1 by using the data table given. ii. Sketch the temperature profile for the both flow.
8.0 DISCUSSIONS:
i. Sketch the schematic diagram of heat exchanger which its shows the directions of liquid flow. ii. It is the outlet heat energy same with the inlet heat energy. Describes. iii. What is the effect of the heat exchanger flow rate to heat transfer rate and overall coefficient heat transition
value, U. iv. Describe the effect of flow direction changes to heat transfer operation and its relationship with the design
aspect.
9.0 CONCLUSION :
Conclude the short conclusion / result that you get with refers to the experiment objectives.
REFERENCES:
APPENDIX 1
Heat exchanger type:
TABLE 1
Counter-directional flow
Hot flowrate, vb = 2.5 L/min
Specific
Heat
Capacity
, C
Water
Density
Water
mass
flowrate
, m
Heat
supplied
, Qh
Heat
received
, Qc
Average
heat
transferred
Tm
Heat
transfer
coefficient,
U
Note
No
.
Cool
flowrate,
vc
Tc-in Tc-out Th-in Th-out [kJ/kg.K] [kg/L] [kg/s] [kJ/s] [kJ/s] [kJ/s] [C] [kW/m2.K]
1
2
3
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAHPOLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH06000 JITRA, KEDAH
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
METALLURGY
EXPERIMENT 1: METALLOGRAPHY STRUCTURE
EXPERIMENT 2: HARDNESS TESTING: ROCKWELL
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLYTHECNIC SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Page : 4 Laboratory Practise: EXPERIMENT 1 Semester : 5 Programme : DKM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
1.0 TITLE: Metallurgy Structure
2.0 OBJECTIVES:
i. Understand the procedure for basic metallographic. ii. Draw and identify the different material gain structure. iii. Heat treatment may be influencing the properties of carbon steel.
3.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES :
i. Analyse critically data of the experimental data in ralaton to the theoretical aspects.
ii. Organize appropriately experiments in groups according to the standard of procedures.
iii. Write critically the appropriate report based on the experiment results.
4.0 INTRODUCTION:
The science and technology of metals and alloys. Process metallurgy is concerned with the extraction of metals from their ores and with refining of metals; physical metallurgy, with the physical and mechanical properties of metals as affected by composition, processing, and environmental conditions; and mechanical metallurgy, with the response of metals to applied forces
5.0 APPARATUS:
Equipment : mounting machine, grinding machine, polishing machine, microscope Specimen : steel, alloy copper, aluminium and other select materials
X1A - Less Pure Zinc base sand casting form X2 - Copper Alloy tin X4 copper alloy zinc
6.0 PROCEDURES:
1. Grind surface of the mounting specimen follower right method by grading machine 2. Polish the specimen by polishing machine, with polishing liquid on matron cloth.* 3. clean the specimen with detergent liquid and after that dry at the dryer machine 4. Etching the specimen in mixed solution agent. ** 5. microstructure view under microscope.
* gilap dengan menggunakan larutan BRASSO di atas kain metron dan jika tidak berkesan bolehlah menggilapkannya dengan menggunakan adunan intan (diamond paste) saiz 1 mikron . ** punarkan dengan menggunakan larutan 2% Nital or alcoholic ferrit chloride ( larutan yang mengandungi 5 gm FeCl, 2 ml HCl pekat, 95 ml alkohol )
7.0 RESULTS:
A) base on microscope visual, draw the grain structure below .
Bil Spesimen Bahan , kandungan aloi & ( jenis struktur ).
Proses pemejalan atau produk.
Bentuk struktur
X1A Zink (Zn) yang kurang tulin ( 1 fasa ) Struktur bijian boleh dilihat tanpa mikroskop
Proses pendinginan drp tuangan pasir.
X2
Aloi kuprum dgn 4% Sn(struktur larutan pepejal 1 fasa)
Proses pendinginan drp tuangan pasir. Penerasan (coring) pada bijian berlaku semasa pemejalan
X4
Aloi kuprum (loyang) kadungan 52% Cu, 48% Zn(struktur larutan pepejal 1 fasa)
Proses pendinginan drp tuangan pasir. Drp rajah fasa aloi Cu/Zn hanya fasa yang diperolehi untuk aloi ini.
8.0 DISCUSSIONS:
9.0 CONCLUSION :
REFERENCES:
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
A. STUDENT GROUP
NO.
TITLE EXPERIMENT
PROGRAMME
LECTURER NAME
DATE
B. MARKS:
TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRIC
PROCEDURES
DIAGRAMS
DATA
CALCULATIONS
ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
ERROR ANALYSIS
QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3
JJ508
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
TOTAL MARKS (%)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
TOTAL
(40%)
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 2.0
x 2.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
x 1.0
POLYTHECNIC SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH
06000 JITRA, KEDAH DARUL AMAN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Page : 4 Laboratory Practise: Experiment 2 HARDNESS TESTING ROCKWELL Semester : 5 Programme : DKM Duration : 2 Hours per week
Code & Course: JJ508 ENGINEERING LAB 3
1.0 TITLE: HARDNESS TESTING ROCKWELL
2.0 OBJECTIVES:
i. Perform properly Rockwell test methods
ii. Compare the value of Rockwell hardness of metals methods
3.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES :
i. Conduct appropriately experiments in groups according to the standard of procedures. ii. Analyze critically the data of the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects. iii. Write critically the appropriate report based on the experiment results.
4.0 INTRODUCTION:
Rockwell & Rockwell superficial tests consists of forcing an indenter (Diamond or Ball) into the surface of a test piece in two steps i.e. first with preliminary test force and thereafter with additional test force & the measuring depth of indentation after removal of additional test force (Remaining preliminary test force active) for measurement or hardness value
5.0 EQUIPMENT AND SPECIMENT :
i. Rockwell machine , Model : ATK F1000 ii. Steel, alloy copper, aluminum and other select materials
6.0 PROCEDURES:
i. Set the power on (lamp lights) ii. Set the scale, type of scale, total test force values and indenters. (referred lecturer)
= select the total test force. = select indenter type iii. To check or change testing condition, press the MODE switch to select a desired menu. MENU1 5 iv. Replace the indenter right ( size and scale ) v. Total test force die is in right position vi. Automatic measurement function.
a) Place a sample onto the avail/table b) Rotate the handle slowly to make the sample press against the indenter. While applying the preliminary
test force, brake is automatically. c) Sure AUTO and LODING lamp light. Waiting time d) Lording lamp goes out, various data are display or out put. e) Read indicated values, and rotate handle down. f) Repeated step a again for another sample
pelekuk
LCD display
beban pertama
andas
handle beban utama
lampu
suis
FIGURE 1 : Rockwell Machine
7.0 RESULTS:
materials HR__ materials HR__ materials HR__ Test number
reading Test number
reading Test number
reading
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5
Average Average Average
8.0 DISCUSSIONS:
i. Why that the 1st reading should be ignored? Give your reason
ii. Discuss, why the data obtained different?
iii. Short listed the advantages and disadvantages Rockwell testing.
9.0 CONCLUSION :
REFERENCES:
1. G.L. Kehl, The Principles of Metallographic Laboratory Practice, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1949, p 229. 2. Smith, William F.; Hashemi, Javad (2001), Foundations of Material Science and Engineering (4th ed.), McGraw-
Hill, p. 229, ISBN 0-07-295358-6 3. www.gordonengland.co.uk/hardness/rockwell.htm