Jim Ellis Ls

7/30/2019 Jim Ellis Ls

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Romes FIRst

Triumvirate60 B.C.E.53 B.C.E

By: Jim Ellis


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Rational

To better gain an understanding of the poli tical and

social history of the world we live in, i t is important for

middle school world history students to be introduced

to cul tures other than their own. By introducing thestudents to these ancient wor ld cul tures they can begin

to gain a better understanding of the current world

they live in andhow it progressed to its cur rent state.


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Grade Level

I wil l be teaching this

lesson to seventh

grade world history

students.


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Content Standard

Grade 7: World Studies: Ancient Times to 1750

In the seventh grade students begin the four-year historical

sequence with a study of the ancient world. This study includesnot only history but incorporates each of the other six standards

into the chronology. Students learn that each historic event is

shaped by its geographic setting, the culture of the people,

economic conditions, governmental decisions and citizen action.

Students also expand their command of social studies skills andmethods.


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Objectives

The seventh grade world history students will:

1. Identify the members of Romes first triumvirate with 100% accuracy.

2. Explain the personal qualities of each ruler in the triumvirate, as well whateach member had to gain by forming the triumvirate.

3. Identify how the triumvirate was unique and important in the evolution ofRoman society and life.

4. Prepare a one page analytical paper discussing the importance of thetriumvirate in Roman history and what effect, if any, the triumvirate had onthe future of Rome and its governance.

5. Based upon the criteria and examples discussed in class, each student mustconstruct a model of Caesar and his army crossing the Rubicon River andreturning home to Rome.

6. Support or refute the idea that Romes first triumvirate rule was a pivotalturning point in the direction of Roman rule and history.


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What is a Triumvirate?

Tri-um-vi-ratea government of

three officers or magistrates

functioning jointly.


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Members of the Triumvirate

1. Gnaeus Pompeius MagnusPompey the

Great (106-48 BCE)

2. Marcus Lic in ius Crassus (112-53 BCE)

3. Gaius Ju l ius CaesarJulius Caesar (100-44

BCE)


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Who Were These Men?


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Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus

PomPey tHe GReat Pompey, who lived from 106-48 BCE,

was a general in the Roman army underthe rule of Sulla. When Sulla died in78 BCE Pompey took this opportunityto ask the Senate for a series of specialhigh commands so he could deal with

the revolts that were plaguing theRepublic at that time. Pompey quicklydealt with the many problems plaguingRome while all the time gaining moreSenate approved powers. In 70 BCEPompey joined forces with the newlyelected Consul, (and future triumvirate

member), Crassus. Before Pompeyjoined the triumvirate he single-handedly redrew the map of the EasternMediterranean by developing newcities through conquest. Pompey,through his victories had increased

Romes annual income by 70 percent.


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Marcus Licinius Crassus

Crassus was know in late Republicas Romes richest man. Though

not born into a life of money,

Crassus gained much of his wealth

through greedy schemes by

becoming the cities greatestlandlord. Crassus used this money

to support political ambitions,

which lead to his being appointed

Consul in 70 BCE. Crassuss

biggest military achievement washis defeat of Spartacus and the

slave revolt in 71 BCE. Crassus,

had joined forces in 70 BCE with

Pompey, and would eventually help

form Romestriumvirate by 60BCE.


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Gaius Julius Caesar

Caesar, who was a military genius,was elected Consul in 59 BCE withthe help of his triumvirate friends,Pompey and Crassus. TodayCaesar is one of the most celebratedfigures in all of Roman history.

Caesar is known most notably forhis impressive victories in Gaul,(modern-day France). Caesarremained in Gaul for seven yearsduring his conquests which beganshortly after his being electedConsul in 59 BCE. By the end ofhis conquests in Gaul, Caesar hadgained a huge section of land forthe Roman Republic stretchingfrom the Pyrenees mountains inmodern-day Spain and the Atlanticcoast to the Rhine river of modern-

day Germany.


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The Triumvirate

With the alliance of Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar in 60 BCERomes first triumvirate was born. Immediately following theformation of the triumvirate Caesar left to conquer Gaul for thenext seven years leaving Pompey and Crassus to govern much ofthe Republic. Together the three rulers controlled most of the

Roman military. Crassus, wanting to further his name and status,left to conquer Syria but was killed in 53 BCE. With the death ofCrassus as well as Pompeys wife, who happened to be Caesarssister, the triumvirate disintegrated into a two man alliance.Finally in 52 BCE with Caesar still in Gaul, Caesars enemies

persuaded the Senate to declare Caesar a public enemy andasked Pompey to save the Republic The alliance of Pompeyand Caesar was now in serious disarray. The civil war that wasto follow would prove to be a great power struggle betweenPompey, Caesar, and the Senate, which there could be only onewinner.


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Civil War and the

fall of the republic

As the civil war began Caesar and his army marched on Rome. While

crossing the Rubicon river which served as the northern boarder of Italy

Caesar declared, the die is cast, meaning, there was no turning back. Caesar

easily swept to victory over the Senatorial army lead by Pompey in 48 BCE,

and completely destroyed them in 45 BCE. Also in 45 BCE Pompey was

stabbed to death while coming ashore in Egypt as he fled the wrath of Caesar.

Caesar was now the sole ruler of Rome, and by 44 BCE Caesar had declared

himself. dictator for life. That same year Caesar life was cut short as he was

assassinated by sixty Senators fearing his grip on power. The assassination of

Caesar was the first assassination of a head of state in Rome in eighty-nine

years and would signal the start of the pattern of political scandal and murder.The Republic was now dead and the age of the Emperor was in place, Rome

would stay much the same until the demise of the Western Empire in 476 CE.


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Learning Center Guidelines

Students can use the learning center during the last fifteenminutes of class each day, lesson permitting, and throughout the

period if they have shown that all other work has beencompleted. I will manage their use by keeping a record of who

has accessed the center and for what period of time, toaccomplish this each student must sign their name, the date, andthe time the entered and left the center before and after each visit.The students will be allowed to use the center as much as theylike as long as their work is completed and the lesson for the day

has been completed. The students will get instructional feedbackfrom the teacher as they are using the center and by completingand scoring the worksheets located in the learning center.


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Assorted Pictures

of Ancient Rome


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(FlavianAmphitheater)Coliseum


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Coliseum Interior


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Imperial Fora


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Trajan's Column

detail of Tiber river warf


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Basilica Julia:

overview looking South


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The Pantheon


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Various Ancient Rome Websites

Julius Caesar Website

http://homepages.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/romans6.html

Welcome To The Romans Page

http://ireland.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/intro.html

Ancient Rome

http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/curriculum/soc_studies/rome/Rome.html

Feminae Romanae: The Women of Ancient Rome http://dominae.fws1.com/

Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures

http://clawww.lmu.edu/faculty/fjust/Rome.htm
http://homepages.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/romans6.htmlhttp://ireland.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/intro.htmlhttp://www.kent.k12.wa.us/curriculum/soc_studies/rome/Rome.htmlhttp://dominae.fws1.com/http://clawww.lmu.edu/faculty/fjust/Rome.htmhttp://clawww.lmu.edu/faculty/fjust/Rome.htmhttp://dominae.fws1.com/http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/curriculum/soc_studies/rome/Rome.htmlhttp://ireland.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/intro.htmlhttp://homepages.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/romans6.html

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Jim Ellis Ls