JíétD^orUtribuneFirst to Last.the Truth: News.Editorial»

.AdvertisementsMreiVr of th» Audit Bureau .-f Ctr.i«U.iM

TUESDAY, JII.Y 22, 1919

* Ovmed ai-.il published daily try Now Yor. Tribuna In.*...-. N.-w York Corpontioo. Ogdao Raid, President: U.Vtorpor Bogers, Vice-Presldeot; Helen Rogen R«ld, Secn»-tarjr; «*'. A. Suter. Treasurer, Address, Tri15-1 .\»s*-s Mr-rat, New York, Telephone, lieekman 3000.

ST"l*srUTP'n<*\- RATES -By MAIL, Including PuMase:> ra_ united states and «Canada

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FOREIGN BATESi'.*.*. *.- and Sunday.$38.00 îis.r.o $.40*.... v m:v . 17.40 B.70 1.45

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at the Poatoflloe «it New y.-rk is Second (.lasaMall SI 1er

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Europe Would AgreeThat intimations have come from

London and Paris of a willingness on

the part of Great Britain and Franceto agree to the reservations to the cov¬

enant of peace that the Senate is dis¬posed to make is no surprise. Only amongthe gullible has there been any fear thatthe treaty would fail, or that the cov¬

enant would fail if interpreted in ad-wince.

A tom-tom has been loudly beaten toarouse apprehensions along these lines;but the tom-tom beaters were not thorn-elves deceived.their tongues were in

their cheeks. They abandoned the claimthat "peace" was in danger when theembargo on trade with Germany was

¡ifted; and the claim that the covenantwould everywhere be rejected «if we al¬tered a word is put forth more andmore feebly.The statesmen of London and Paris

were placed in an artificial position.They were compelled to deal with thePresident as if he were the whole ofAmerica. They could not contradictwhen he declared that America wantedwhat he wanted. Xo channel of com¬

munication with the Senate was opento them, and as they wished very much: S please America and to cooperatewith her, the only possible way to pro-

d was to agree to what the Presidentked.

they knew it was doubtfulivhether they were pleasing America.When it developed that America wished

'^changes they were quite wiling to ac-

t them. As sensible men they assess

the covenant for about what it is worth.They see some good in it, and also see

....'.;«t the proposed reservations do not

roy this I.So they lly coincide with respect

to the proposed reservations. What theycek is to have this country's name atthe bottom of any sort of agreement;and if this is achieved other things seem

inconsequential.

No Time* to ChangeSo far the "round robin" Senators

and those brought to agree with themin essentials have not found events go¬ing to their dissatisfaction. This lias*>een because they have pursued a de¬fensible and patriotic course.have de¬voted themselves to the task of secur¬

ing some sort of league while eliminat¬ing the evil in the one whose draft was

presented to them.A policy that was good enough to win

with is good enough to stand by. Anyattempt to kill the covenant by amend¬ing it to death will arouse the powerful

timent which forms a league of na¬

tions and which believes that the cov¬enant adequately safeguarded is 'netterthan nothing.No reason apparently exists for

..shelvi.*¦;'«. the motto "Ratification WithReservations."

Wet DrWhA little faith in signs and portents

makes life more bearable than all thescience and wisdom of our unjustly cele¬brated modern times. So at least one

his.pc dispo: ed to hold in a.g at the eaves, mud to

ire knee and sodden with mustier wet-ne than any 2.75 keg, place the decimal

«.re you will.¡TBack in better times forty flays of

«rain was good for a brand new faithand eternal fame for an otherwise in¬conspicuous Bish» p of Winchester. That'¦'.'.."' ' century, when St.Srv;!' ¦.' d buried where he willed

the rain fell for forty days,beginning July 15. Now, in the nine-cenl iry, we embark upon a fresh

-«.a of rain, and if ever a. portent wasIntended then; it drips. When in athou and years would a siege of rain

pat and neat and significant a'¦ year of omniscience,

' i million of people et for" minate s» encc of

utter drouth?What does the Dortent mean? Is it

approval of the Eighteenth Amend¬ment or jeering condemnation? Arethe gods weeping with tears of [oy ortears of laughter? Ah, there, alas, iswi.-r«. our cei fails so grievIn tbefcitter darkness of the ninth een-

v nothing was simpler. Every onekn.-w at once. They were asCfj to signs>n those comfortable áays and readthem as handily as we of to-day can

.Viecipher a box score or plot the molec¬ular structure of sugar. All this wis-4oui we have sacrificed for our science--Which can only utter from day te «lay

.. the dreary, uninterpretfe words "MoreJfccwers." Or if we turn to the news

from Washing-ton in a heartsick effortto learn the bearings and future of our

drouth (that is and ever shall be, letthe heavens pour down what they will)we find only the same sort of message,"More Congress."

Let the rain fall on!

The Austrian TermsThe abstract of the Austrian peace

terms furnished to American readerspiques» rather than satisfies curiosity.It loaves highly important questions un¬

answered. What disposition ¡s made ofthe territory on the Adriatic which Aus¬tria surrenders? How is Dalmatia tobe apportioned? Or Istria? Fiume, ofcourse, belonged to Hungary. But a set¬tlement of the Fiume dispute is inter¬locked with a settlement of the disputeover the Dalmatian ports and islands.

It is noted in Paris that the Americansummary omitted important territorialreadjustments, supplementing those ofthe partial treaty draft handed to theAustrian peace delegates on June 2.The Hungarian district of Odenburg, tothe south of Vienna, is attached to Aus¬tria. Czecho-Slovakia acquires a bridge-head south of the Danube, at Pressburg,enabling her to protect that importantrailroad centre, on the line of her com-

munications with the Adriatic.The various parts of the former

Austro-Hungarian Empire are requiredto assume their share of the imperialpre-war debt. Some of these parts willbe included in Jugo-Slavia. But what Iparts? That is what the public is mostconcerned about in the Austrian peaceseulement.So far as reparation is concerned,

the same general scheme is applied as

in the treaty with Germany. No flatinitial payment is fixed, however. Aninter-Allied commission i* to pass onAustria's ability to pay, which is now

greatly restricted. The Austrian armyis to be reduced to 30,000 men. The jnavy has vanished. Austria will haveno seaports. Her Danube fleet will bedrawn on to make ton-for-ton repara¬tion, as far as possible, for Allied ship¬ping destroyed by her surface warshipsand submarines.The Austrian terms are severe. A

major power has been reduced to a veryminor power. The ancient Hapsburgmotto was: "Austria est imperare orbiterrarum." Now Austria is a shadow.a state hardly able to walk alone. Butit must not be forgotten that Austriawilled her own destruction. She pre¬cipitated the war in the hope of secur-

ing a firmer grip on her restless sub-ject peoples. She sinned deliberately,The peace treaty dismemberment is thepenalty she pays for her illimitablefolly.

Double Fares and TransfersIn the statement accompanying his

order to the Corporation Counsel to liti¬gate the order of the Public ServiceCommission authorizing a 2-cent chargefor transfers, Mayor l^ylan says:

"When we stop to consider that theEighth Avenue Railroad Company isgetting 26.5 per cent on a capitalizationof $1,000,000, the Twenty-third StreetRailroad Company 21.13 per cent on itscapital stock, the Forty-second and GrandStreet Railway Company 22.4 per cent onits capital stock, and- other lines gettinga large return on their capitalization,then the sympathizers with the transitcorporations are hold enough to tell usthat the poor transit lines are unable tomnkf a profit."Receiver Hedges, of the New York

Railways Company, flatly contradicts theMayor's assumption. He says that hiscomputation took no account of rentals.In one column he placed fare receiptsand in another the sum paid for wages,etc. Says Mr. Hedges:

"We showed that during the six monthsended March 31, 111 19, the system earnedin operating income above operating ex¬

penses and taxes only $201,26!]. 1 Hiringthose six months the system no| onlycompletely failed to pay its rentals, butfailed to pay the interest on the smallunderlying mortgages on the railroadsactually owned by it by over $54,000."What is the property worth? One ap¬

praisal places the replacement value at$120,000.000. Another, made on a pre¬war basis of prices and with generousallowances for depreciation, was $50,-000,000. The city's expert admitted thitthe latter estimate was low, and the re¬ceiver himself says the value of propertyused in the public service, judged as

property and with no capitalization ofleases, is more than $100,000,000. Soearnings were but one-fifth to one-tenthon actual values, at 4 per cent.A bargain is a bargain. The predeces¬

sors of the present owners, taking therisk of loss in the hope of gain, agreedto carry for 5 cents. During theprofitable business the owners had profitsfrom their bargain. They suffer nowthat the tide swings the other way. Butthe public di'l not guarantee the integ¬rity of the investment.No issue of confiscation is involved.

Though nothing is left for the owners,even though every penny is lost whichhas been invested, the public would seemto have a moral right to insist on a

carrying out of the bargain.The question to lie. considered, then, is

whether the public will be better off fromenforcing its contract or from modifyingit. Here is a matter of expediency andof judgment. It is well known that thelarge traction systems are made up froma consolidation of antecedent smallones. Together, except by public per-

! mission, only one fare may be charged.But here comes the rub. There is no

way to compel the scattered lines tokeep together. Indeed, when there isdefault In rentals the leased propertygoes back to its true owners.

This means that under present con li-tions there shall bo a splitting up, witha G-cent faro on each line. Many persons

were called on to choose between walkingor paying 10 or 15 cents.As to where, between charges for

transfers and double fares, lies the pub¬lic interest, there is excuse for varia¬tion of view. Men and women will differaccording to whether they so live as toneed to change cars before reaching a

destination. On the whole, a transfercharge seems preferable to a double or

triple fare. A unified system is now

taken as a matter of course, but thepublic will quickly learn what it meansif withdrawn. It will mean congestion,and thousands of families will be underpressure to change their homes as oftenas their workers change their jobs. Itwill subtract from the city's productivepower, by using up in pavementpounding energy now applied in work.In a score of ways it is uneconomic andthus retrogressive.

The Red Cross of ShipsThe repair of ships which have suf-

fered from the depredations of the tor-

pedo and the mine during the war was

carried out under the supeiwision of theBritish government Department for theControl of Mercantile Ship Repairing,which was established in June, 1917, bySir Eric Geddes, then Admiralty Con-trollcr. The director in chief was Colo-nel H. M. Graysoft, M. P., who organizedthe work not only at British ports, butat American, French and Italian ports.The department was created at a tims

when the shipbuilding output was de¬creasing, enemy submarine efforts were

increasing and various ports were con¬

gested with damaged ships which were

being neglected in regard to labor andmaterial. The first step which ColonelGrayson and his associate, Mr. G. S.F. Edwards, took was to appoint wellknown ship repairers in each of thelarge ports of the country to act as

district superintendents. These were re¬

sponsible, under the directors of thedepartment, for the allocation of dry-docks and the distribution of repairwork. Surveyors inspected and report¬ed upon repairs in hand and daily do-'tailed reports were forwarded to thehead office at the Admiralty. Here a

complete record was kept of the move¬

ment of ships in and out of drydocks,both to assist the expeditious handlingof urgent repair cases and for the in¬formation of the naval forces.When the department was established

there was not only a congestion of dis¬abled ships at different ports, but forty-two ships, representing 250,000 tons,which had been attacked by submarines,were lying ashore on the Irish coasts andthe south coast of England. In coopera¬tion with the salvage section of the Ad¬miralty and private salvage organiza¬tions these ships were speedily refloated,distributed to ship repairing centres andturned out again for active work underconditions which combined highly scien¬tific methods of temporary repairs withthe adoption of labor-saving devices.This was to meet wTar emergencies, andmany of the ships are now undergoingthe more complete repairs necessary forprolonged service during the presentshortage of tonnage.During the period of intensive subma¬

rine attack the War Cabinet, at the re¬

quest of the Allies, appointed ColonelGrayson to act also as an adviser of shiprepairs at the chief ports of the UnitedStates, I "ranee and Italy. In recognitionof the organizations which lie assisted inpromoting he was recently decorated as

a Commander of the Order of the Crownof Italy and an officer of the FrenchLegion of Honor.The enterprise of British ship repair¬

ers under the guidance of Colonel Gray¬son is shown by the official record that,from July, 1017, to the end of February,1919, there were repaired 15,000 ships,representing 55,000,000 gross tonnage.

Creelism in DiplomacyIt is reported that the permanent

members of the diplomatic corps greatlyresent the manner in which they havebeen recently shunted aside. Parisswarmed with diplomats of the amateurtype during the early months of thepeace conference. Astonishing selec-tions were made-for confidential mis-sions. The Creel Bureau of Public In-foimation apparently took over thework of telling the American delegateshow things stood in Eastern and CentralEurope and of telling the Eastern andCentral European peoples how they stoodwith the United States.The qualified diplomats who have

made their way by merit feel that theyhave been ignored. Recent promotionshave increased the suspicion that ama¬teurism and a tendency to Creelism arethe best qualifications for recognition.There is talk of a "strike" and of whole-sale resignations.

'. The war has upset standards gen-erally. But in delicate business like ad-justing the relations of sensitive statesand collecting impressions in strangelands trained judgment and familiaritywith alien conditions are more desirablethan ever. The United States startedin a dozen years or more ago to createa permanent, experienced body of diplo¬mats. But interest in Washington inthe maintenace of such a body haslamentably waned. It should be revived.Men who make a c;areer of diplomacyare useful both in emergencies and inordinary times.

A Spine, After Allfrom The Orpalia Dec)

Secretary Baker luis shown some signs ofbackbone, having denied General Ansell'srequest that all courts-martial sentences bereferred to him for review. A little of (hisfirmness earlier in the frame would havesaved a lot of scandal.

Pc-rhaps Both</-,.,.» ,77i<! Columbia fl-Í1

"To beer or -not to beer?" that is thequestion.

No League Better ThanBad League

__.-jTo the Editor of The Tribune.

Sir: Mr. George W. Wickersham, in a

letter printed in your columns on the 12th

instant, suggests a rather remarkable argu-ment in favor of the acceptance of the cov-

enant of the league of nations in its presentobjectionable and dangerous form.

The argument is twofold.His first point come.-, down to this: that

while a majority vo.e will suffice to amendthe covenant, a solid Democratic vote mayfhen prevent the ratification of the covenantas amended, because a two-thirds vote is es-

sential to ratification. These premises are

sound enough. It is the conclusion soughtto be drawn from them that invites atten¬tion. That conclusion is that the majorityshould accept the covenant as it is, withoutattempting to improve, it, because if it isimproved the Democrats will reject it alto¬gether. As no league at all is hotter than a

bad league, this argument proves the reverse

of Mr. Wickersham's proposition.His second point is like unto hfs first. It

amounts to this: that if the Senate ratifiesthe treaty after making substantial improve¬ments, the contract will not bind other na¬

tions unless they assent to the changes.True again. But surely this is not a reason

for refraining from making the improve¬ments. The strong and wise would presenta sorry spectacle if they were always towithhold their convictions lest they shouldnot receive the assent of the weak andfoolish.

Let the majority in the Senate make thethree radical amendments needed to unloadthe high explosives which the covenant atpresent contains. If the minority then makeratification impossible, the« responsibilitywill be theirs. If, however, the covenantis ratified as amended, we need have no fearthat the other nations will refuse assent.

G. W. PEPPER.Philadelphia, Pcnn., July 16, 1017.

Clinging to a Myth_,

To the Editor of The Triune.Sir: Referring to your editorial of to¬

day "Clinging to a Myth," I beg to say:X.o reservation by the United States Sen¬

ate either of the Monroe Doctrine or of thoI'nited «States reserved right to withdrawfrom the league of nations would be ef¬fective unless at the time such reservationwere attempted to be exercised the councilof the league then approved of its exorcise.

«Such reservation might be as worthlessand ineffectual as the like reservation ofthe alleged right of Virginia, New Yorkand Rhode Island to secede from the Fed¬eral Union contained iti the respective rati¬fications of the United States Constitutionby those states was held to be during theCivil War. By the sword of war, and laterby the decision of the Federal SupremeCourt, it was decided that, notwithstandingexpress reservations in their ratificationsof the Constitution of the right of thosestatçs to secede, the Federal Union was

perpetual and indissoluble. (Texas v.

White, 7 Wallace. 700, 722, 725-6.)Virginia's ratification of the Federal

Constitution doe.; "declare and make knownthat the powers granted under thé Constitu¬tion, bcini*; derived from the people of thoUnited States, may be resumed by themwhensoever the same shall be perverted totheir injury or oppression." i2 Document¬ary History of tlie Constitution of theUnited States, p. 145.1New York's ratification of the Federal

Constitution declares that "Hie powers ofgovernment may be reassumed by the peo¬ple whensoever it. shall become necessaryto their happiness." (2 Documentary His¬tory, pp. 190, 191.)Rhode Island's ratification declares that

"the powers of government may he reas¬

sumed by the people whensoever it shallbecome necessary to their happiness." (2Documentary History, p. ,'i 11.

In the Fourteen Diamond Rings case (183U. S. 176, 170-1 SO) the Federal SupremeCourt held an attempted reservation byCongress to the treaty of peace with Spainto be inoperative.The council of the league of nations is an

autocracy, like the Holy Alliance, withoutany Supreme Court or any other council or

legislative body to hold it in check. It isthe sole judge of its own powers. It is a

union of the executive, legislative and judi¬ciary merged into one body. If its de¬cision, however erroneous, is disregarded,an international boycott, embargo or taboowill be followed by an international war, inwhich it is the duty of every member stateto support the international war to theutmost of its strength. There is no more

reason to believe that in an emergency thoMonroe Doctrine would be respected be¬cause reserved, or the reserved rifrht tosecede peaceably allowed, than was the likereserved right in the case of Virginia»likewise of New York and Rhode Island)in 1861. HENRY A. FORSTER.New York, July 16, 1919.

A Democrat ApprovesTo the Editor of The Tribune.

Sir: To say that I was very muchamused, as well as pleased, to read an arti¬cle in your paper this morning, headed "ADisappointed Reader," is putting it mildly.Now, to begin with, the disappointed one

is no doubt, a dyed-in-the-wool Republicanwho can see only one side of an issue, andthat is bis si<io. The writer has also beena subscriber to «your paper for a number ofyears, and his politics lean Democratic, andI must say you got under my skin a num¬ber of times, particularly during the Wil¬son campaigns. Several times felt likowriting, but on second thought I cune tothe conclusion that after you saw yourmistakes you would acknowledge them,which you did like a man.

Then, again, you almost got my goatwhen once more you came out in your truecolors; and -his is the spirit, you are beingcriticised for by a disgruntled reader. Itis better you lone a reader of that calibreand retain those who like an hones, opinion.

AN ADMIRER.New York. July 10, 1019.

Rar! and WorseTo h«* Hditor of The Tribune.

Sir: It's bad e^jourh to have F. P. A. inthe middle of the editorial page. If«, n.l.i-ing ' ill io injury to hnvo t.. hunt forBriggB. G. !.. !.'. and E. M. F.New York, July 17, 1010.

Our Way and TheirsA British View of the American "Drive"

From The New Statesman

THE] wayfarer, stepping westward thisweek from Temple Bar, will not beentirely unaware that the government

is engaged in the somewhat arduous task offaising a national loan. Although not violentor sensational, the reminders are there.Quito a number of posters catch the eye.Most of them bear, in orange-red letters on

a pleasing ground of navy blue, a brief in¬junction to "Buy Victory Loan." Other pos¬ters inform you that bonds may be boughtthrough any banker, stockbroker or post-office. They are affixed to the piilsr boxes,on some hoardings, on a few buildings. Asyou pass the Eagle Hut of the AmericanY. M. ('. A. you remark that perhaps bya mere coincidence the hoarding carries a

long line of the blue and red appeals. Onand around. Nelson's Column there seems tobe something doing. Perhaps it is that thecollocation of Victory and Trafalgar was

too simple and effective to be missed.

Not Like the StrandNow- suppose, one wayfarer reflected, the

Strand were Fifth Avenue, and the publicbusiness in hand should happen to be theraising of a loan equal to a thousand millionsterling, which in America would be called55,000,000,000. What would the great verte¬bras thoroughfare of New York be like?

It would certainly be as little like the quietand homely Strand as the Strand is like theHigh Street of Stratford-on-Avon. Themoment you came into it you would be madeaware that a single idea dominated FifthAvenue, from the Washington Arch down¬town to the upper reaches beyond CentralPark. New York, you would realize, had a

job to do. It was doing that job, was think¬ing about it, and would on no account, so

far as it had any say in the matter, allowyou to think of nnything else until it was

through.The American publicity expert is a student

of what he calls psychology, 'and in thatrealm his mind works on very straight lines.Thus: What is it that you, an ordinarycitizen, are asked to do when a Liberty or

a Victory Loan is being raised? You are

asked, or told, to lend your money to yourcountry. Uncle Sam, so the simple argumentruns, does pretty nearly eVerything for you.It is your religious duty to do something Inreturn. Thereforo a myriad voices unite insaying "Lend"! In every window, on everyavailable space, on every object that moves

or is at rest, appears the word "Lend." Wher¬ever the eyes look forward, left, right; on

the level, up, down -they meet the inexorablecommand: "Lend, Lend, Lend, LEND."Our Oicn Fifth Avenue

Venetian masts line the pavement on eitherside of the great street. Broad sheets arestretched across. Flags and streams fly or

droop from every frontage. Every shop,warehouse and office, every churcn and publicbuilding, carries its own device. If a storecan rig up the largest national flag on thecontinent, so much the better. Every operspace has its own group of attractions, in¬cluding a platform from which all day Ion;;the 'stream of exhortation ana persuasiorflows. Everybody is brought in: Senator;and Congressmen, bankers, big business menpreachers, soldiers, sailors, special corro

spondents, novelists, actors, movie starswith, in the luncheon hour, the most spectacular orator available -if possible, an exPresident.

I'p and down the avenue the women guard,and sharpshooters are posted, not only a

focal points, such as Madison Square amthe Public Library, but at intervals of a fevyards along the whole length. They earnblank forms and pencils and call upon even

passerby to buy a bond or show cause vvh;he should be exempt. They invade ever:public building and all the large busineshouses. No one can enter or leave withoubeing importuned. They permit no one tilunch or dine unmolested. It seems a

though every available woman of the com

fortatfle classes and every flapper had beenpressed into service. And at the same timethe interest is constantly stimulated by allsorts of "stunts" along the roacrway and inthe air.

Tke Real MachineAnd, needless to say, behind all this public

display, this merciless solicitation, the realmachine of national money raising is atwork. During the campaign for the FourthLiberty Loan last autumn it was carried toa completeness and precision hitherto un¬

dreamed of. Nothing is left to chance. TheTreasury Department in Washington appor¬tions to each state its quota of the loan.I'pon this basis an exact survey of the coun¬

try is made. Every county, city and townknows how much it is to provide. The LoanCommittee has performed the preparatorywork so thoroughly that on the day whenthe intensive effort begins it should be ina position to know the prospects for an earlycompletion of the amount. All employersare expected to play into the scheme. Theambition of every business firm and of everycorporation is to be 100 per cent patriotic,that is, to have every employe an investor.

The plan that by last year had becomealmost universal was, as vour Americanfriend would explain, a logical extensionof the community survey. Not only wouldevery house, store and office be canvassedand every association be worked to thelimit, but the loan committee would havebefore it a list containing the names ofall citizens of standing known or sup¬posed to have means. An estimate wasmade of their probable resources, andupon that estimate the committee (com¬posed of private citizens, acting in a pure¬ly voluntary capacity) would fix an as¬

sessment. As a general rule, the sound¬ness, and particularly the patriotism, ofa man was considered to be self-registeredby the readiness with which he acceptedthis speculative and unauthorized levyupen his capital.Does It Work?

Inquiry into the actual working of thesystem provided the English visitor withmatter for continual interest, especiallywhen he sought to discover what stepswere taken to bring the unconvinced or

recalcitrant citizen to reason. "Does yourassessment work," he might ask, "in themajority of cases?" "Certainly." "Butyou have some objectors?" "Why, yes, s

) few." "How do you deal with them?" "Ofcourse, if after repeated appeals they re¬

fuse to come across, we bring pressure tobear upon them, and if they continue toresist, oh, well, they are yellow and"-The implication would be that the re¬

sources of civilization had not been ex¬

hausted, and the inquirer was left medi¬tating over the manifold differences be¬tween the English and American applica¬tions of the doctrine and practice ofliberty.From this comparison of methods and

atmosphere, here only touched upon in theroughest fashion, a few interesting and bjno means unimportant inferences might bedrawn. Two only need be specifically men

tioned. First, it is still true that the pub-lie habits of English and American» ar<

Í strikingly, in some cases astonishinglydifferent. The power of resistance to so

cial pressure, in the individual and irthe group, is apparently far greater irEngland than in the United States. I'senas impossible to believe that our peop!e could produce or would endure an\such elaborate inquisition and compulsioras that so marvellously designed and com

pleteil for the sake of the American wailoans. Secondly, that even if a similascheme of mental suggestion and mechanicatyranny were attempted in Britain,would not be productive. So far our peopbhj.ve been induced to lend with what tinAmericans would call a* minimum of advert sing.

The Tangled A* E, F.To the Editor of The Tribune.

Sir: General Butts's recent letter, Isuppose, was intended to invite a replyfrom those who were "over there."Of course, (here were many officers and

men in places of responsibility who were

inexperienced and many who were incom¬petent or worse. We have only ourselvesto blame for our shortsightedness in prep¬aration. If it had not been for a few menlike our late«President Colonel Rooseveltand Général Wood we would have ha"H evenfewer an«l less trained officers.

<ine night in September, 1918, on th»road south of Avocourt I fourni a wholedivision stalled. I was told that some ofthem had been there two days. I under¬stand many officers were relieved as a re¬sult of the jam. I know it took me near'..*twd hour.« to walk from the head to therear of the column on the way back to mybatteries from a reconnoiasance trip Thatsame nighl and the next I saw columna ofambulances moving, halting, crawling lowly from Avocourt to Esnes, Some of thedrivers told me their non hail had nothilgto eat for two days and no treatment.The traffic regulations were undoubtedly

badly managed. At first tbere was no «v-tem <if one-wa> or two-way roads. Trucksand tractors, guns, horse« and everythingtried to get through wherever there wo nnopening; result, chaos Afterward theyu i- 1 colonel's and major a M. P.'s,then began to get order, Later road mwere issued showing the permit ibtion of traffic, but so far as I know thesewere not issue«! to any on«* except tho MP.'s, so y< u had to take a chance witlammunition trains ai I other vehicles, andperhaps ma!««* a del ur of ten or twentjkilometnNorth of Kt.os wc v r* directed to rec¬

onnoitre for new batí ry positions for our

I6G C P. I-'.' after mber _fi¡ve. In Mai r..* mrl we found nn nn

tion train headed back toward llnuiThey claimed to have been turne.i back byan M, P. Thinking perhaps nome ne wasafrnn! t.. go on, «aa ndvnnci *¦¦

faucon, »lor,* wo were supposedinto position. It looked perfectly .-«af intilshells began to pnss m over our heads and.msrhine gun ¡.¡o In front and on «Mir loft

called attention to the fact that we hadIjone beyond our supports. Some one hadbeen misinformed as to the position «f thefirst line. Fortunately, we had not brought'up our (Trims. In fact, it was four or fivedays before we could e;et through over NoMan's Land.

N'ear the front the movements of gunsand trains liad tobe at night without lights,when an accident or slight mistake mightblock a road for hours. In No Man's Landthe roads were so soft and rough thai a

Í heavy truck or run would sometimes tie upa column for miles. The smooth roadswhen wet were «^ Blippei'y :is ice and a

truck would sometimes slide off bit theditch or capsize and require a tractor to pullit out or perhaps had to he blown up andabandoned. At one time three of our tract¬ors (Holts') were commandeered for sev¬eral days and used for general traffic-clearing purposes. One night at Montfau-con a poorly instructed or stupid M. P. nl-lowcd traffic to enter in the wrong diroction on a one way road and tied up every¬thing for two hours, north, south, en«t andv it

All thing,'« considered, we- were very lucky.But if we had had more and better tirechains, more brains 'in spots) and mor.-1

experience we would have had better luckor was it luck? It. S. ALIYN.

Former Major V V. B9th Coast Artillery*.New York. July 1«. 1919

fRe.spertfully Referred to OurReaders

To th< Ed '¦ r of The Tribune.r: Two centlemen have n controvertíthe proper New York pronunciation oí

<¡i. ch. One gentleman contends thaour Greenwich Village in New Yorkbe pronounced the same as the word

ced in Ei ind; Phnt is. "Grenitchi: .',;.-- gentleman claims that In Ne*York this ection of the city, loraüy nn<

I i : nounced at it i.. 'I' A ich.

NATHANIEL GINSBURQrk, N. J. July Iß, 1919

Pennsylvania la Heard Fromlitor of The Tribune,

Sir: Wouldn't we have a "grand angloriou feeling" to have lince« bach

Id pew on the I aft paga?C. K. RODKNBOl i.ll

Baaton, Pcnn., July KL lí>19.

In Praise ofAn Old Trail

I By Emma Bu^hrc.THERE is added this year the glamo*.-of a centennial to the cusí

pleasure of a trip through the Whit«Mountains.Those who reach the mountains I «

limousine trail in these softas well as those whostrength the thrill of staiWashington's topmost i nt a dwhole world rolling and glfeet, will renew their vei eratmer for Ethan Allan Crthe first bridle path up tain1819.Even in these days of aul roadi

and perfectly marked tralightfully .",' pointed huíchian Club to make theeasy for'the climber, ittlie mountain of »

S « grudgingly does Naturo'nor topmost retrr.it that one

peer sharply into throcks and rotte«! pinefrom the tracks of that thontent and civilized litlveys the twentieth century \

summit, or has only to V»from one of the broad traself immediately in a. pathless wast« offallen logs and scrubby ui ,

waste no loss cruel an«! foithat which tempted Crawford one hundredyears ago.The Crateford (riantHe was a gigantic figure read in a

musty old book), nearly seven feet taliaccustomed since childhood to 'he harships of pioneer life in the U^ calstood where the Crawford Hou estands, but which was then ti ¡rty mifrom the nearest village of Frybui over iroad to be traversed only on horseback.Until he was thirteen years o i he 1 I| never a hat or mittens or shoes, but be-came so hardy that he could pi rf rm nilthe ordinary chores of mountain life", har¬nessing the horses and chopping downtrees, barefooted in the snow.hood prepared him inasmuch a Id I tkill him) for the feats of streiafterward endeared h it) to summ«in the mountain, to the hero'William Dean Howells :wont to faint on the trail. Ft iall unusual for him to go.to the nwomen in distress and carrythe mountain side on hissuch, legend declares, he cidown the side of Mount WaAs late as the year 1818', the 1 '

the climb, even to th» ¦¦.

are described as follows:"As they ascended the '

from the maple and birch to tland hemlock, became much malleiat the same time thicker, wl le tlwas much more broken andlength, from forcing their waythick growth, they were com]and go under the scraggy 1 nrough, stiff hemlocks andout their long limbs and inter' ic» -1fdrm barriers that were priable. At each aseen ling step 1forced to stoop still lower, untangles they almost toui d t!their face*. When theyfurther in this way. * .'

up through the matted to¡and walked on the lowas upon ni"

"Their clothes were . ..* onTyfrom their backs,lacerated sorely by their marchunder the dwarfish gr<Where the Trail Starts

The fact that this Bi r

cruelly roujs'h, but also 1uneven ground, com]climb up and dowiin a fruitless waste of b1Allan (raw f- r ¡n 1819 tocomfortable route tosummit. After ' hree «lav«-a surveyor. he routepath was discoA ofthe Ammonoosuc Ri\Mount* Washing! .

stretch for seven n

abruptly up a spur Ipath was H by Crawlmen " n I he ummer «¡h

It was the amwhich was célébrât« !tion of a shaft and < Iof t he trail near the Ciexplanatory tablet wasUnited States lores« Ser»found, afteiAllan Crawford's trail wimountain, and has mad««. «. n.

Second Hand "PramsTo f e Ed tor

Sir: Bimoney rt theiiriitc

babies of the '.

means in ill:t.« det< rm.he i |ill «la*ui fort mate

u ould it be p

one hundredor thei '. helplcihave «bout twelveunder our rare, li¬

are barely nun'«i«*«, much

CHir

I'ur Bppihave ñu-i *.«.

lieve that imany .*

nO« tin« ¡IIt «

they could I ¦'

rare of the New York -\proving (he I '

Twenty-second StreetWAHRE \ R

D r»New York. July I-

f

Canr-in..«» CittZfll-hipP-1.IV«)."',' s-

All the inflatioirencj Sorai titosslow mid i>id**r.> improvcm.rure become _4ttl n.l« «I wn