JeopardyDiffusion Osmosis Organelles Membranes Transport

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Chemistry

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$100 Question: Diffusion

What is diffusion?

$100 Answer: Diffusion

The movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration toareas of lower concentration.

$200 Question: Diffusion

Does diffusion require extra energy?

$200 Answer: Diffusion

No. It occurs with no added energy.

$300 Question: Diffusion

Why are cells small?

$300 Answer: Diffusion

Diffusion is a slow process. Diffusion into larger cells would taketoo long to transport materials in andout of the cell.

$400 Question: Diffusion

Heat is simply molecules movingquickly. Would increasing temperature increase or decrease the rate of diffusion?

$400 Answer: Diffusion

Increasing temperature would INCREASE the rate of diffusion. Molecules move faster when heated!

$500 Question: DiffusionWhich cell would experience the higher rate of diffusion of material into it: a chicken egg or an ostrich egg?Which would have the larger surface area to volume ratio?

CHICKEN EGG

OSTRICH EGG

$500 Answer: DiffusionDiffusion would occur faster intothe chicken egg because of its smallersize. It would have the largersurface area to volume ratio.

$100 Question: Osmosis

What is osmosis?

$100 Answer: Osmosis

The diffusion of water across amembrane.

$200 Question: Osmosis

Why shouldn’t you drink salt water?

$200 Answer: Osmosis

The salt dehydrates your cellsby pulling water from them.

$300 Question: Osmosis

Which of the following is better foranimal cells: being in a hypotonic solution; being in a hypertonic solution; or being in an isotonic solution?

$300 Answer: Osmosis

Being in an isotonic solution.Both hypotonic and hypertonic solutions lead to cell death foranimal cells.

$400 Question: Osmosis

What would happen if you put eggslaid by a salamander (a frog relative)in fresh water into salt water? Is thisa hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution?

$400 Answer: Osmosis

The water in the eggs (whichare cells) would leave the eggs.The eggs would shrivel and die.This is a hypertonic situation.

$500 Question: Osmosis

Compare the effect of putting ananimal cell and a plant cell into ahypotonic solution.

$500 Answer: Osmosis

Water moves into both cells. The plant cell will swell, but won’t burst becauseof the plant cell wall.The animal cell will burst, because it doesnot have a cell wall.

$100 Question: OrganellesWhich organelle is responsible for housing the DNA in eukaryotic cells?

$100 Answer: Organelles

The nucleus.

$200 Question: Organelles

What parts are found in ALL cells?List at least THREE!

$200 Answer: Organelles

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane.

$300 Question: Organelles

If the cell needs to export a protein produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, what other organelles could that protein travel through? Your answer should trace the path of the protein from the ER out of the cell.

$300 Answer: OrganellesThe protein would likely travel through the rough ER to the Golgi. It would be packaged in a vesicle and sent through the cell membrane.

$400 Question: OrganellesA cell converts energy from food it eats intoenergy that’s usable by the cell using an organelle. What kind of cell is this likely to be? How do you know?

$400 Answer: OrganellesThe cell could be any eukaryotic heterotroph Including an animal cell, fungal cell or “protist”cell. It’s a eukaryote because it has membrane-bound organelles (in this case, mitochondria).It’s a heterotroph because it obtains food fromoutside sources.

$500 Question: OrganellesNot all plant cells have chloroplasts, yet no plant cells have to obtain food the way animals do. Explain based on your knowledge of cells and organelles.

$500 Answer: OrganellesPlant cells in leaves (and to some extent in stems, tendrils, etc.) have chloroplasts that can take sunlight energy and convert it to food energy. That sugar is transported to other parts of the plant, such as the bulb of an onion, and stored or used.

$100 Question: Membranes

Define “selective permeability.”

$100 Answer: Membranes

Cells are choosy about whatenters into and exits from them.

$200 Question: MembranesWhat structures in the cell membrane areresponsible for it being selectively permeable?

$200 Answer: MembranesPhospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates

$300 Question: Membranes

Draw a phospholipid. Which part isattracted to water? Which part is repelled by water?

$300 Answer: Membranes

OThe phosphate head is attracted to water. The fatty acid tails are repelled by it.

$400 Question: MembranesA colander (metal or plastic bowlwith a lot of holes in it used to drainpasta) will let water out but not food.Is this selective permeability? Why or why not?

$400 Answer: Membranes

Yes, this is selective permeability,because the colander is choosing what passes through it.

$500 Question: Membranes

Mitochondria evolved from bacteria that moved into eukaryotic cells and stayed. What structures do you think are necessary to transport materials into and out of mitochondria? WHY?

$500 Answer: MembranesMitochondria are surrounded by a phospholipidbilayer with proteins in it for active transportand facilitated diffusion. Since mitochondriaevolved from bacteria, they have similar structures to those found in prokaryotic cellmembranes. Those structures are homologousto those found in cell membranes.

$100 Question: Transport

Does passive transport require energy?

$100 Answer: Transport

No. It doesn’t need any additionalenergy.

$200 Question: Transport

Name three types of active transport.

$200 Answer: Transport

Ion pumps; exocytosis; endocytosis.

$300 Question: Transport

Why can diffusion be classifiedas an example of passive transport?

$300 Answer: Transport

Diffusion is classified as passivetransport because it requires no additional energy.

$400 Question: Transport

Endocytosis requires energy to bringfood particles and liquids into the cell.This is an example of:a. Passive Transportb. Osmosisc. Diffusiond. Active Transport

$400 Answer: Transport

D. Active Transport.

$500 Question: Transport

Compare active transport andfacilitated diffusion.

$500 Answer: Transport

Facilitated diffusion does not use energy. Active transport does. Both can use transmembrane proteins (proteins that go through the cell membrane).

$100 Question: Chemistry

A sodium atom donates an electron toa chlorine atom. The sodium becomes positively charged and the chlorine negativelycharged. What kind of bond do they form?

$100 Answer: Chemistry

An ionic bond.

$200 Question: Chemistry

A molecule is made of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms that share electrons unequally. What kind of bond holds this molecule together?

$200 Answer: Chemistry

Polar covalent bond because electronsare shared unequally between molecules.

$300 Question: ChemistryDraw and label a hydrogen bond betweenmolecules of water. Label each element inthe molecules of water and the charges on each.

$300 Answer: ChemistryBACK.

H HO

H HO

$400 Question: ChemistryHow does hydrogen bonding contribute to one property of water? Describe one property of Water, how hydrogen bonding contributes to it,and give an example of that property found innature.

$400 Answer: ChemistryWater sticks to iteself and other polar objectsthrough hydrogen bonding. Cohesion: Water sticks to itself to form the surface of lakes/oceans/etc. Adhesion: Water sticks to the tubes in plants.Surface Tension: Insects/lizards can walk/run onwater.Capillary action: Water climbs up tubes in plants.

$500 Question: Chemistry

Boiling point is the temperature at whichA liquid becomes a gas. Water has a much higher boiling point than benzene, a nonpolarmolecule. Why? Your answer should relateto polar and nonpolar covalent bonds!

$500 Answer: ChemistryHydrogen bonds (caused by polar covalent bonds) cause water molecules to stick together. Since water molecules stick together, it takes energy to pull them apart, therefore giving water a higher boiling point. Benzene, which has nonpolar covalent bonds, doesn’t form hydrogen bonds, doesn’t stick together and therefore boils at low temperatures.

Final JeopardyA gelatin block is prepared with some dyed solution added to it. The dye will be clear in the presence of acid, but turn pink near a base. The block is placed in a plasticbag. The block is placed above a container that contains ammonia. After 1/2 an hour,the block turns pink. Why does the gelatinundergo a color change?

Final Jeopardy AnswerAmmonia, a base, movedthrough the plastic bag (a membrane) by diffusion. The membrane is selectively permeable because it let the ammonia in, but didn’t let the gelatin out.