Jenis-jenis text dalam Bahasa Inggris

NARRATIVEPurpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a storyGeneric Structure:1. Orientation2. Complication3. Resolution4. ReorientationDominant Language Features:1. Using Past Tense2. Using action verb3. Chronologically arranged

RECOUNTPurpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past eventGeneric Structure:1. Orientation2. Event(s)3. ReorientationDominant Language Features:1. Using Past Tense2. Using action verb3. Using adjectivesNarrative and recount in some ways are similar. Both are telling something in the past so narrative and recount usually apply PAST TENSE; whether Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous Tense, or Past Perfect Tense. The ways narrative and recount told are in chronological order using time or place. Commonly narrative text is found in story book; myth, fable, folklore, etc while recount text is found in biography.The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in which they are constructed. Narrative uses conflicts among the participants whether natural conflict, social conflict or psychological conflict. In some ways narrative text combines all these conflicts. In the contrary, we do not find these conflicts inside recount text. Recount applies series of event as the basic structure

DESCRIPTIVEPurpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.Dominant Generic Structure:1. Identification2. DescriptionLanguage Features:1. Using Simple Present Tense2. Using action verb3. Using adverb4. Using special technical terms

REPORTPurpose: to presents information about something, as it is.Generic Structure1. General classification2. DescriptionDominant Language Feature1. Introducing group or general aspect2. Using conditional logical connection3. Using Simple Present Tense

EXPLANATIONPurpose: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.Generic Structure:1. General statement2. Explanation

3. ClosingDominant Language Features:1. Using Simple Present Tense2. Using action verbs3. Using passive voice4. Using noun phrase5. Using adverbial phrase6. Using technical terms7. Using general and abstract noun8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITIONPurpose: To reveal the readers that something is the important caseGeneric Structure:1. Thesis2. Arguments3. Reiteration/ConclusionDominant Language Features:1. Using modals2. Using action verbs3. Using thinking verbs4. Using adverbs5. Using adjective6. Using technical terms7. Using general and abstract noun8. Using connectives/transition

HORTATORY EXPOSITIONPurpose: to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be doneGeneric Structure:1. Thesis2. Arguments3. RecommendationDominant Language features:1. Using Simple Present Tense2. Using modals3. Using action verbs4. Using thinking verbs5. Using adverbs6. Using adjective7. Using technical terms8. Using general and abstract noun9. Using connectives/transitionThen what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition. In simple word. Analytical is the answer of “How is/will” while hortatory is the answer of “How should”. Analytical exposition will be best to describe “How will student do for his examination? The point is the important thing to do. But for the question” How should student do for his exam?” will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be done

PROCEDUREPurpose: to help readers how to do or make something completelyGeneric Structure:1. Goal/Aim2. Materials/Equipments3. Steps/MethodsDominant Language Features:1. Using Simple Present Tense2. Using Imperatives sentence3. Using adverb4. Using technical terms

DISCUSSIONPurpose: to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)Generic Structure:1. Issue2. Arguments for and against3. ConclusionDominant Language Features:1. Using Simple Present Tense2. Use of relating verb/to be3. Using thinking verb4. Using general and abstract noun5. Using conjunction/transition6. Using modality7. Using adverb of manner

REVIEWPurpose: to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audiencedominant Generic Structure:1. Orientation2. Evaluation3. Interpretative Recount4. Evaluation5. Evaluative SummationDominant Language features:1. Focus on specific participants2. Using adjectives3. Using long and complex clauses4. Using metaphor

ANECDOTEPurpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incidentGeneric Structure:1. Abstract2. Orientation3. Crisis4. Reaction5. Coda.Dominant Language Features:1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers2. Using material process3. Using temporal conjunctions

SPOOFPurpose: to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readersGeneric Structure:1. Orientation2. Event(s)3. TwistDominant Language Features:1. Using Past Tense2. Using action verb3. Using adverb4. Chronologically arranged

NEWS ITEMPurpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or importantDominant Generic Structure:1. Newsworthy event(s)2. Background event(s)3. Sources

Dominant Language Features:1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline2. Using action verbs3. Using saying verbs4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.

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Abstract on Text Types

Text Types in Three Main Genres Back to School Back to Learn Text Types Understanding Types of Text Classification Essay – Everything You Need to Know

Analytical Exposition

Text Types in Three Main Genres The Importance of Exercise as Example of Analytical Exposition Fast Food in Example of Analytical Exposition Contoh/Example of Analytical Exposition about Being Fat Analytical Exposition Sample in Learning English Analytical Exposition Sample on Accredited School Example of Analytical Exposition in Jakarta Issue Is Smoking Good for Us?; Example of Analytical Exposition Opportunity in the Global Financial Crisis; example of analytical exposition Laptop as Students’ Friend Career in Translation Writing is a Great for Money Online; an analytical exposition text What is Analytical Exposition?

Anecdote

Blessing behind Tragedy; an anecdote text What is Anecdote?

Descriptive

Descriptive Text about Cleopatra The Descriptive Facts about the Moon The Best Example of Descriptive Text about a Cat Text Types in Three Main Genres Contoh/Example of Descriptive Text about Taj Mahal Descriptive Text on Jatim Park Marsupial Mammal; EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT My Friend’s New Shoes The Differences between Report and Descriptive Text Borobudur Temple; a descriptive text What is Descriptive Text?

Discussion

National Exam in Pros and Cons Gift Cards Bring Advantages and Disadvantages Text Types in Three Main Genres Discussion Text Sample on Distance Learning Reading Discussion Text Example of Discussion Text on Nuclear Power Hunting Fox; a discussion text What is Discussion?

Explanation

Explanation Text about How Rain Happens Explanation Text about How Cell Phones Work Text Types in Three Main Genres Seasons as Example of Explanation Text Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Earthquake Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Bali Island HOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT WORK; an example of explanation text Flying Kites as Example of Explanation CANCER; Example of Explanation Text Do You Know Why Eiffel Tower was Built?; Explanation Sample Explanation Text Sample about Roman Road How Chocolate is made; an Example of Explanation text Between Explanation and Procedure Text Example of Explanation Text How Day and Night Happen: an explanation text Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight; an explanation text What is Explanation?

Hortatory Exposition

Example of Hortatory Text in Letter to Editor Text Types in Three Main Genres USE ENGLISH! Hortatory Sample Should not Bring Mobile Phone to School; a Hortatory Text Sample NEVER TRY SMOKING; a Hortatory Sample Hortatory Example in Wearing Helmet Reading Hortatory Text Hortatory Example in Public Awareness Example of Hortatory Exposition in Watching TV More Dust Bins is Cleaner; example of hortatory Where should be after High School?; a hortatory text Millions from Property Market; a hortatory exposition text Removing Lead from Petrol; a hortatory exposition text What is Hortatory Exposition?

Narrative

Narrative Text in Romeo and Juliet’s Romantic and Tragic Story Text Types in Three Main Genres Example of Narrative Text in the Legend of Tangkuban Perahu Kite’s Tale as Example of Narrative Narrative Analysis on Malin Kundang Story Reading a Narrative Narrative Example in Arabian Story Example of Narrative Text; The Smartest Parrot Story of Narrative Text CINDERELLA STORY; the Clearest Example of Narrative Text Building Narrative Text with Complication Between Recount and Narrative The Smartest Animal; a narrative text Snow White; a narrative text Cinderella; a narrative text What is Narrative?

News Item

News Item about Man Push Van off Train Railroad Understanding News Item Text Growing Student Smoking as Example of News Item Text The Clear Example of News Item Text about Landslide

Contoh / Example of News Item Text about Indonesian Maid Tragedy Contoh / Example of News Item Text Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms; a news item text Indonesian Maid in HK Court after Having Intercourse; a news item text Indonesian Maid beheaded; a news item text What is News Item?

Procedure

Procedure Text in Making Candles Contoh/Example of Procedure Text in Making Kite Contoh/Example of Procedure Text in Installing SIM Card Between Explanation and Procedure Text Planting Chilies; a procedure text Writing For Business; a procedure text What is Procedure?

Recount

Text Types in Three Main Genres Recount Example in Journalist’s Diary Spoof and Recount Text; What Makes them Different? Vacation to London; the clear example of recount text Between Recount and Narrative Visiting Bali; a recount text My Horrible Experience; a recount text What is Recount?

Report

Example of Report Text about Mangrove Trees ELEPHANTS as Example of Report Text Text Types in Three Main Genres Example of Report Text in Earthquake Tornadoes as Example of Report Text Example of Report Text about Volcano Contoh/Example of Report Text in Komodo Human Body Energy as EXAMPLE OF REPORT The Differences between Report and Descriptive Text Platypus; a report text What is Report?

Review

Example of Review Text in 2012 Movie Zenni Optical; a site for eyeglasses Business Loan Program Career in Translation Structuring the Product Review Text Good Translation a TAMM Creation All about Ohio Sports Recording Mommy Journey Making Money Online Good Young Mother An Attractive Motherly Blog A Site from Reog Boy Recommended Software Applications Guide to Japanese Pop Culture When She Writes Bad Credit Improvement Online Shopping Software

Choosing Web Hosting Beneficial Shopping Cart

Ada 6 jenis text yang akan dijelaskan disini:

1.Recount

2.Procedure

3.Anecdote

4.Narrative

5.Report

6.Report

1.RECOUNT

Recount Tujuan komunikatif: Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur. Struktur teks: * Pendahuluan (orientasi), yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana dan kapan; *  Laporan (rentetan) peristiwa, kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan secara berurut

Contoh:

Class Picnic

Last Friday our school went to Centennial Park for a picnic

First our teachers marked the rolls and the we got on the buses. On the buses, everyone was chatting and eating. When we arrived at the park, some students played cricket, some played cards but others went for a walk with the teachers. At lunchtime, we sat together and had our picnic. Finally, at two o’clock we left for school.

We had a great day.

2.PROCEDURE

Procedure, the communicative purpose is to tell the steps of making or doing something. (Tujuan komunikatif nya: memberi petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah.)

Generic Structure: Goal/Aim – Materials/Tools – Steps/Methods

Language Features of Procedure text:

Imperative form, ex: Cut, Pour,  Don’t mix, dsb.

action verbs: turn, put, don’t, mix, dsb.

connectives (untuk mengurutkan kegiatan), ex: then, while, dsb.

adverbials (untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang akurat), ex: for five minutes, two centimetres from the top, dsb.

Contoh:

SESAME DROP BISCUITS

Ingredients/Materials:

2 cups flour

1 ½ teaspoons baking powder

½ reaspoon each baking soda and salt

Butter  or margarine

2 tablespoons sesame seed

1 cup buttermilk

Night Before:

In a large bowl stir together flour, baking powder, soda and salt.

2 knives or pastry blender cut in ½ cup butter until particles are fine .

Stir in sesame seed.

Next Morning:

Add buttermilk to flour mixture and stir with a fork just until mixed.

Drop by tablespoons on greased cookies sheet.

Bake in preheated 450 degrees oven until light brown. 12 to 14 minutes.

Serve at once with butter.

3.ANECDOTE

Definition and Social Function of AnecdoteAnecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote1. Abstract2. Orientation3. Crisis4. Incident.Language Feature of Anecdote1. Using exclamation words; it’s awful!, it’s wonderful!, etc2. Using imperative; listen to this3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?4. Using action verb; go, write, etc5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward6. Using simple past tense

Contoh Anecdote:

Blessing Behind Tragedy

There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)

GenericStructureAnalysis:Abstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we do?

Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America. They prepared well for their plan

Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.

Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not accept it.

Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because of saving the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.

4.REPORT

Report Tujuan Komunikatif: Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gajala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala- gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa simpulan umum misalnya tentang rumah sederhana dengan mendekripsikan ciri-ciri subyek tersebut sehingga layak dikategorikan rumah sederhana, dsb.

Contoh:

Fax Machine

Fax, the short term for facsimile is a telecommunications technology used to transfer copies (facsimiles) of documents, especially using affordable devices operating over the telephone network. The word telefax, short for telefacsimile, for “make a copy at a distance”, is also used as a synonym. The device is also known as a telecopier in certain industries. When sending documents to people at large distances, faxes have a distinct advantage

over postal mail in that the delivery is nearly instantenous, yet its disadvantages in quality and its proprietary format have relegated it to a position beneath email as the prevailing form of electronic document tranferral.

5.NARRATIVE

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal. Ciri naratif adalah adanya unsur konflik (masalah) dan resolusi (penyelesaian masalah). Jumlah masalah atau penyelesaiannya mungkin hanya satu, mungkin juga lebih.   Struktur Teks: * Pengenalan latar: tokoh, waktu, dan tempat: * Pengembangan konflik; * Penyelesaian konflik; *  Koda: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh atau pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita.

Contoh 1:

It was a warm day in March. I was very excited. The day had finally come. I was in the rowing team for the Olympics. I got up very early and exercised as always. Then after breakfast I drove to Drummoyne. My team arrived and at last it was time to start.

Ready, set and the starting gun went off. We began in the third position and were slowly moving closer. There they were. We could see the second boat and then we did it.

We moved past. My arms were aching. My whole body was sore but we all rowed harder.

The first boat was just in front  I saw a dark shadow near the boat. I looked again. What was it? I was sure  it was the shape of a cigar. ‘Oh my  God’,  I thought, ‘I must be seeing things. A shark in Parramata River? Impossible!’

Just then I pulled my oar out of the water. ‘Oh no, why only half?’ I thought. Then I knew. I shouted to my team, ‘Shark! Shark!’ and suddenly we forgot the race. We rowed faster than ever back to shore. We made it. Phew, we were safe!

Contoh 2:

Long ago on the top of Mount Kinabalu in Borneo, there lived a dragon. He owned a large and beautiful pearl. People believed that he controlled the weather with it.

The emperor of China heard this and wanted the pearl. He sent his two sons, Wee Ping and Wee San to Borneo to steal it. The princes, together with one hundred soldiers, set sail for Borneo in twelve sailing junks.

When they arrived in Borneo, The set out immediately to find the famous mountain. Their journey up the rugged slopes of Mount Kinabalu proved very difficult. The dragon guarded his cave very fiercely and killed many of their soldiers.

Then Wee San had a clever idea. He climbed a tall tree, so he could see the dragon’s cave. He noted what time the dragon left his cave to hunt for food and what time he returned  to it.

Next he ordered his men to make a fake pearl and a large kite. He waited until the dragon left his cave. Then he placed the fake pearl in a bag, slung it across his shoulder and flew up to the mountain-top on the kite. He

exchanged the real pearl for the fake one and then his brother pulled his kite back to the ground.

The brothers quickly returned to their ships and set sail for China. They sailed safely home. The emperor was thrilled with the pearl and gave a big party to celebrate his sons’ return.

6.DESCRIPTIVE

Tujuan Komunikatif :   Struktur Teks: ciri-ciri seseorang, suatu benda atau tempat tertentu.   * Pengenalan benda, orang atau sesuatu yang akan dideskripsikan. * Deskripsi: menggambarkan ciri-ciri benda tersebut,misalnya berasal dari mana, warnanya, ukurannya, kesukaannya dsb. Deskripsi ini hanya memberikan informasi mengenai benda atau orang tertentu yang sedang dibahas saja, misalnya deskripsi tentang ‘My Dog’. Ciri-ciri ‘anjing saya’ tersebut dapat berbeda dengan anjing yang lain.

What is descdiptive text?

The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive TextDescriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.The Generic Structure of Descriptive TextDescriptive text has structure as below:Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

The Language Feature of Descriptive TextUsing attributive and identifying process.Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.Using simple present tense

Contoh 1:

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.Analyzing the Text (Generic Structure Analysis):Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described in general; Borobudur templeDescription; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight terraces of Borobudur temple and its characteristics

Language Feature AnalysisUsing adjective and classifiers; valuableUsing simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple is constructed, etc

Contoh 2:

The Ambarawa Train Museum houses 21 antique locomotives plus two more, which are stored in the depot. These locomotives are no longer produced; even the factories that made them no longer exist. The main building of this museum is the defunct Ambarawa railway station which was built in 1873. the station covers 127,500 m2.

The oldest in this museum is a locomotive made by Hartman Chemnitz. This locomotive, with a length of 8.58 m and a width of 2.45 m, began its operation in 1891. Using wood as fuel, the steam locomotive could run 50 km/h – its maximum speed.

A special part of a visit to this museum is a trip by train from the Ambarawa Train Museum to the defunct Bedono train station. This package tour is called Railway Mountain Tour. Why is the trip so special? Because the participants will board an antique train and the train will travel on a 4.9 kilometer-cog railway, which is the only one in the world.

Text Types in Three Main Genres Learning text types is presented as the main subject in English lesson for high school students. Most of the time during their time in high school, the students focus their attention to text types with each generic structure and what language used to construct the texts varying to each other. That generic structure and language features which are commonly found different from one text to another is used based on the purpose of each genres.

Text types in the three main genres which must be studied in high school specially designed for graduate competences standard (SKL) are:NARRATIONThis narrative genre includes narrative, recount, and news item. All these text types in narrative genres composed to tell and inform.DESCRIPTIONThe texts which include in descriptive genres are report, descriptive, and explanation. These text genres are written to describe. They tend to use words with describing sense and not tellingARGUMENTATIONArgumentative genres will cover analytical exposition, hortatory exposition and discussion. These text types explore reason to answer the question "why" and "how".

To enlarge our knowledge, texts are defined into three main genres which slightly different from the above classification referring to the high school graduate competences standard. According to nationalstrategies, the tree main genres which show the text types distinctions are as follow:1. NARRATIVE which includes adventure, mystery, science fiction, fantasy, historical fiction, contemporary fiction, dilemma stories, dialogue, myths, legends, fairy tales, and fables.2. NON-FICTION which accommodates discussion texts, explanatory texts, instructional text, persuasion texts, non-chronological reports and recounts.3. POETRY which refers to free verse, visual poems and structured poems.

Read the other examples:

Abstract on Text Types

Text Types - Areas Students Should Learn English Typical Questions Following Text Types Text Based Approach for Learning English in High School Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing Time to learn Text Types again Back to School Back to Learn Text Types TEXT TYPES; a complete overview

Understanding Types of Text Classification Essay - Everything You Need to Know

Analytical Exposition

Controlling Children Using Computer The Power of Music in our life Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing The Advantages of Gold Coin Investment The Importance of Exercise as Example of Analytical Exposition Fast Food in Example of Analytical Exposition Contoh/Example of Analytical Exposition about Being Fat Analytical Exposition Sample in Learning English Analytical Exposition Sample on Accredited School

Descriptive

Example of Short Descriptive Text about Jakarta More Explanation on the Difference between Report and Descriptive Text Descriptive Text about Cleopatra The Descriptive Facts about the Moon The Best Example of Descriptive Text about a Cat Contoh/Example of Descriptive Text about Taj Mahal Descriptive Text on Jatim Park Marsupial Mammal; EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT My Friend's New Shoes

Discussion

Example of Discussion Text "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling" Example of Discussion Text "The Advantage and Disadvantage of the Internet" After High School; an Example of Discussion Text Example of Discussion Text "School Uniform" Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing The Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Office National Exam in Pros and Cons Gift Cards Bring Advantages and Disadvantages Discussion Text Sample on Distance Learning

Explanation

Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing Contoh Explanation Text tentang Venus Eclipse Explanation Text about How Rain Happens Explanation Text about How Cell Phones Work Seasons as Example of Explanation Text Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Earthquake Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Bali Island HOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT WORK; an example of explanation text Flying Kites as Example of Explanation

Hortatory Exposition

Contoh / Example of Hortatory Text "The Importance of Speaking English" Hortatory Text " Television for Social Construction" Example of Hortatory Exposition in "Online Job" Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing Accessory for Vehicle Front Section Example of Hortatory Text about Proposing Gesang as National Hero Example of Hortatory Text in Tourism Benefit on Local People Example of Hortatory Text in Letter to Editor USE ENGLISH! Hortatory Sample

Narrative

Contoh / Example of Narrative Text “The King of the Mice and the Woodcutter” Contoh / Example of Narrative Text " The Legend of Sura and Baya" Contoh / Example of Narrative " The Cap Seller and the Monkeys" NARRATIVE TEXT; A Farmer and A Box Narrative Text "The Ugly Duckling" Narrative Text: Love Story of Antony and Cleopatra Narrative in Love Story "Naruto and Hinata" Kinds of Narrative Contoh / Example of Narrative Text "The Story of Lake Toba" Narrative Text and Most Dominant Language Features

Recount

Recount Text: Lovely Party Example of Recount "My Fantastic Holiday" Contoh Recount text " Short Biography of Kurt Cobain" Example of Recount Text "Biography of Marion Barber" Recount Text "Biography of Albert Einstein" Contoh Recount Text - Recounting Horror Experience Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing Recount Example in Journalist's Diary Spoof and Recount Text; What Makes them Different?

Report

Birds "Example of Report Text" Example of Report Text about Animal "Tyrannosaurus Rex" TELEVISION "Example of Report Text and Generic Structure" Simple and Clear Example of Report Text "Football" Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing More Explanation on the Difference between Report and Descriptive Text Example of Report Text about Mangrove Trees ELEPHANTS as Example of Report Text Example of Report Text in Earthquake

Typical Questions Following Text Types Learning English in high school is designed through text types based. Student is presented several kind of text which is commonly used in their daily life. The texts then are followed by some questions. They are generalized into some categories.1. Main idea or main topic. Such questions refer to the general thing of the content. Sometime they go to the title of the text. Common question which ask the main idea or topic can be some things like:Which of the following is the most suitable title…?What is the suitable topic of the passage?The text mainly tells us about.......2. Specific information. What is meant by such specific information? This question ask the specific and detail information included in the text. This specific information can be a name, place, date, year, etc3.Implied information. This typical question need the skill to read between the lines as it is not stated clearly in the text3. Meaning of the word. It can be synonym, antonym, and word reference4. Kind of the text. The are several kinds of text which students are asked to determine, whether it is narrative, spoof, descriptive, review, etc5. The purpose of the text. Each text types has special communicative purpose or social function

How to Iron a Shirt , Another Example of "Procedure Text" How to make some thing is the best text as an example of procedure text. A procedure is an instruction to do something. Below is another example of procedure text in pressing a shirt.

How to Iron a ShirtWhat you need to press a shirt are iron board, iron cover, iron, hanger, needle, thread, splint, button, handkerchief, sprayer, and dry-mat foot

The Steps of Pressing Shirt1. Use protector for safety2. Plug in the electricity3. Choose the suitable temperature for the clothes material4. Make wet the 100% cotton clothes if it is necessary5. Start to iron the shirt from the collar, sleeve then body6. Iron by following line if there is a fold7. After completely done, hang the shirt8. Check the result and do it again if it is necessary9. After completely ironing, put back the equipments and chemicals10. And don't forget, clean working area

Contoh Procedure Text-How to Make the Meatballs Procedure text is kind of text which teaches on how to make something completely. Procedure text is dominantly structured with imperative sentence since it actually an instruction. Procedure text usually explain the ingredient or material which is need, though sometime it is omitted, after that procedure text will explain step by step how to make the thing. See the following example of procedure text!

The Procedure of Making MeatballsWhat you need for the ingredients

1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably beef) 2 eggs 300 grams of tapioca-flour 4-8 cloves of garlic 1 red onion 1 teaspoon of white pepper 2 teaspoons of salt

The steps to make meatballsThese steps are instruction on how to make meatballs, just meatball, the soup is made

separately.First of all,mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.Second step, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the minced meat.After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the mixture feels soft and smooth.Then, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the surface the meatball are ready to serve.

Contoh/example of procedure text is adapted from hagwall.com

How to Boil Egg as Example of Procedure text Procedure text is commonly stated as instruction text. Dominantly procedure text is arranged in imperative sentence. Procedure text can be about anything; how to make kite, make omelet, drawing stars, install cd driver, etc. The following example of procedure text is about how to boil egg in very

simple and easy ways which is arranged from ehow

Boiling egg in simple and easy wayEggs are a rich source of protein and vitamins and are generally healthy to eat, unless you have a high cholesterol level.You can eat eggs raw, boiled or cooked in a pan as scrambled eggs or an omelet. Boiling eggs is one of the easiest ways to prepare them. Follow the steps!First of all, place the raw egg in a saucepan!Second, Run cold water into the saucepan until the water is 1 inch above the egg.After that, Place the saucepan on a stove and cook over medium heat until the water begins to boil.The next, don't forget to reduce the heat to lowThen, Simmer for 2 to 3 minutes for soft-boiled eggs or 10 to 15 minutes for hard-boiled eggs.Finally, Remove the egg with a spoon or ladle and let it cool slowly, or run cold water over it to cool it more quickly.

Procedure Text in Making Candles Making coloured and scented candles is really quick and simple. What's more, you'll save so much money. If making candle is easy, why do you ever bought one from a shop? What you need in making candle are wax, moulds, wick, dye discs, essential oils, and a double boiler. All these materials are available from craft shops. Or if you do not want to buy them, you can improvise with an old saucepan, pyrex jug, or even a sturdy can, in a pot of water. After providing the materials, follow this procedure or instruction in making candles!First of all, melt the wax. All wax has a flash point, so to prevent it bursting into flames, you must melt it in a double boiler, with water in the bottom pan.Then, prepare the mould with the wick. Thread the wick through the mould and make sure that you leave a good few centimetres sticking out of the hole in the bottom.After that, add the scent. If you want a scented candle, add a few drops of essential oil to the melted wax. You can use any essential oil you like, as long as it doesn't contain water.Next step, pour the wax into the mould. Try and tip the wax into the mould quickly, all in one go, to minimise spillage and air bubbles.Then, release the bubbles and top it up. Releasing the air bubbles will eventually make the candle sink, so you will need to top it up with more melted wax.Finally, remove it from the mould. After four or five hours, the candle can be taken out of its mould.Your candle is now ready for display. Remember, you must always leave it for a day before lighting it.

Source: www.channel4.com/4homes/design-style/how-to-guides/how-to-make-candles-intro-09-04-21_p_1.html

Contoh/Example of Procedure Text in Installing SIM Card How to insert SIM Card CellphoneCellphone is a modern communication device which connects one to the others by voice, written message and data. However this device can not work until the SIM card is inserted.When inserting the SIM Card to cellphone, make sure that the cellphone has been switched off and follow the direction bellow:First of all, press the locking catch and slide the cover then lift it off the phone.After that, push two catches in the opposite directions and remove the battery.Next, slide the SIM card carefully into the slot and make sure that the golden connect arson are facing to the connector of the phone.Then, put the battery and align it until snaps into its place.Finally, insert the two catches of the back cover corresponding slot in the phone and slide the cover forward button of the phone until locks into placeDon't forget to switch on the cellphone. Wait until it is ready to use.

Between Explanation and Procedure Text Seeing the social function, both procedure and explanation texts have the similarity in which both describe how to make or done something. They give the detail description on something, phenomena, goods, product case or problem.To see the differences between explanation and procedure, we have to analyze the dominant language feature and how the texts are used.Procedure, this text type is commonly called as instruction text. It uses pattern of commend in building the structure. It use the “to infinitive verb” which is omitted the “to”. It is a kind of instruction text which uses full commend verb. Procedure is commonly used to describe how to make something which is close to our daily activity. For example how to make a cup of tea, how to make a good kite, etc is the best example of the procedure text. It is such word; first boil water, secondly prepare the cup, and so on.Explanation, it is commonly used the passive voice in building the text. Explanation is such a scientific written material. It describes how certain phenomenon or event happen. How a tornado form, how tsunami works are the best example of explanation text. It uses passive pattern in describing the topic.

Spoof Text: The Boss And The Trainee Reading a funny story is interesting. Surely it will make us laugh. Relating to funny story, students of high school are very familiar with the text with unpredictable ending. This an unpredictable plot in the end of the story is called twist. The text which a twist end it, then we categorize as a spoof text. Let's read the following short spoof text which I find in superlaugh.

The Boss and The TraineeA Man joined a big Multi National Company as a trainee. On his first day he dialed the pantry and shouted into the phone, "Get me a coffee quickly!"The voice from the other side responded, "You fool you've dialed the wrong extension! Do you know who you're talking to, dumbo?"No", replied the trainee."It's the Managing Director of the company, you fool!" The man shouted back, "And do you know who YOU are talking to, you fool?""No", replied the Managing Director. "Thats Good!", replied the trainee and put down the phone!

Spoof Text: Abu Ali Counts his Donkeys Spoof text is quite entertaining as well as educating. I find a very funny story of Abu Ali and his new donkey. It is a folktale from the Middle East. This story, which I think, can be labelled as spoof text is appropriate for children. Here is the story...

One day Abu Ali went to the fair, and bought nine donkeys. He rode home on one of them the rest of the donkeys followed behind.After a while Abu Ali said to himself, “I must make sure all my donkeys are here.” And he turned round to count them.“One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Oh! Where’s number nine?” Abu Ali criedHe jumped down from his donkey. He looked behind the rocks and behind the trees. But there was no donkey to be seen.“I’ll count them again,” Abu Ali said. “One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. Oh, he must have come back.”So Abu Ali climbed back on to the donkey and trotted away.After a while he counted his donkeys again. He counted only eight! Once more he looked behind the rocks and behind the trees. But there was no donkey to be seen.“I will count again,” he said, and this time there were nine.Just then Abu Ali saw his friend Musa walking along the road. “Musa,” he called. “Help me to count my donkeys. I keep losing one. When I stop to count I have only eight, but when I get down looking for the ninth, there he is again!”“Well, I can see ten donkeys, Abu Ali,” laughed Musa. “And the tenth donkey’s name is Abu Ali”

Example of Spoof "What Time is It?" Reading a spoof text can be very interesting as it has an unpredictable plot of the story. There will be a tricky "arrangement". As we build understanding of the plot to certain condition, a spoof text will be ended with a special contradictory ending. Bellow is another example of spoof text.

What time is it?A tramp lie down and sleep in the park. He had been sleeping for about 5 minutes when a couple walked by. The man stopped, woke the tramp up , and asked him, "Excuse me.Do you know what the time is?" The tramp replied, "I'm sorry - I don't have a watch, so I don't know the time."The man apologized for waking the tramp and the couple walked away.

The tramp lay down again, and after a few minutes went back to sleep. Just then, a woman, who was out walking her dog, shook the tramp's shoulder until he woke up again.The woman said, "I'm sorry to trouble you, but I'm afraid I've lost my watch - do you happen to know the time?" The tramp was a little annoyed at being woken up again, but he politely told the woman that he didn't have a watch and didn't know the time.

After the woman had gone, the tramp had an idea.He opened the bag that contained all his possessions and got out a pen, a piece of paper and some string. On the paper, he wrote down, 'I do not have a watch. I do not know the time'.He then hung the paper round his neck and eventually dropped off again.

After about 15 minutes, a policeman who was walking through the park noticed the tramp asleep on the bench, and the sign around his neck.He woke the tramp up and said, "I read your sign. I thought you'd like to know that it's 2:30 p.m."

This example of spoof text is taken from www.kinglishschool.com/joke_tramp.htm

Example of Spoof text with Ironic Twist Horseman In The SkyCarter Druse was born in Virginia. He was a southerner. When the United States was divided by a terrible civil war, Carter decided to join the Union Army of the north.

He told his father about his decision to join the north army. His father looked deep into his son's eyes. "Carter, No matter what happens, be sure you always do what you think is your duty."

One sunny afternoon, Carter was sent to guard. It was his duty to be sure that no enemy soldier spied on. Suddenly, he saw a man on horseback standing on the huge rocky cliff. He held a gun in his right hand, and the horse's reins in the other. Unavoidably, Carter pointed his gun. Carter was calm as he pulled the trigger.

Soon after firing his gun, Carter was joined by a Union sergeant."Did you fire?" The sergeant whispered."Yes.""At what?" The sergeant continued."A horse""Was there anyone on the horse?" The sergeant asked again."Yes.""Who? " The sergeant kept asking."My father."

Note: This example of ironic spoof text is summarized from Ambrose Bierce's A Horseman in the Sky

"The Perfect Husband" as Example of Spoof Text This is another example of spoof text. This story is funny, humorous, and twisting. The story has unpredictable ending through organizing the tricky plot. Take a look!

The Perfect Husband?Several men are in the locker room of a golf club. A cell phone on a bench rings and a man engages the hands-free speaker function and begins to talk. Everyone else in the room stops to listen.

MAN: "Hello"WOMAN: "Honey, it's me. Are you at the club?"MAN: "Yes"WOMAN: "I'm at the mall now and found this beautiful leather coat. It'sonly $1,000. Is it OK if I buy it?"MAN: "Sure, go ahead if you like it that much."

WOMAN: "I also stopped by the Mercedes dealership and saw the new 2007models. I saw one I really liked."MAN: "How much?"WOMAN: "$80,000."MAN: "OK, but for that price I want it with all the options."

WOMAN: "Great! Oh, and one more thing. The house we wanted last year is back on the market. They're asking $950,000."MAN: "Well, then go ahead and give them an offer, but just offer $900,000."WOMAN: "OK. I'll see you later! I love you!"MAN: "Bye, I love you, too."

The man hangs up. The other men in the locker room are looking at him in astonishment. Then he smiles and asks: "Anyone know whose phone is???!!!"

This example of spoof is taken from: www.cleanjoke.com/humor/The-Perfect-Husband.html

Spoof Example "Honey What is for Supper?" A spoof text is amusing. It is really entertaining as well as educating. A spoof text can be very simalar to NARRATIVE, RECOUNT or even NEWS ITEM. All are mostly composed in PAST TENSES mode. A spoof text is arranged in the generic structure of ORIENTATION, EVENTS, and TWIST. Because of this TWIST (an unpredictable ending), the story seems very funny. Take a look on the following example of spoof text!

Honey, What's For Supper?An elderly gentleman of 85 feared his wife was getting hard of hearing. So one day he called her doctor to make an appointment to have her hearing checked. The Doctor made an appointment for a hearing test in two weeks, and meanwhile there's a simple informal test the husband could do to give the doctor some idea of the state of her problem.

“Here's what you do,” said the doctor. “Start out about 40 feet away from her, and in a normal conversational speaking tone see if she hears you. If not, go to 30 feet, then 20 feet, and so on until you get a response.”

That evening, the wife is in the kitchen cooking dinner, and he's in the living room. He says to himself, “I'm about 40 feet away, let's see what happens.” Then in a normal tone he asks, “Honey, what's for supper?”No response.So the husband moved to the other end of the room, about 30 feet from his wife and repeats, “Honey, what's for supper?”Still no response.

Next he moves into the dining room where he is about 20 feet from his wife and asks, “Honey, what's for supper?”Again he gets no response.

So he walks up to the kitchen door, only 10 feet away. “Honey, what's for supper?”Again there is no response.

So he walks right up behind her. “Honey, what's for supper?”“Damn it Earl, for the fifth time, CHICKEN!”

Note: This example of spoof text is taken from: www.joe-ks.com/archives_nov2003/For_Supper.htm

Twist in Spoof Text What is twist? This question is likely to answer what is the difference between narrative text and spoof. However, according to wikipedia, a twist ending is a plot twist occurring near or at the conclusion of a story, anunexpected conclusion to a work of fiction that causes the audience to reevaluate the narrative or characters.There are three common types of twisting ending.Humorous TwistMany stories have twist with a happy,amusing, or heartwarming ending. It is funny and makes reade amused. Humorous twist ending sometime is called Lighthearted twist.Ironic TwistStories with a twist or surprise at the end do not necessarily have to have ahappy ending. Many have been written that have an ironic twist. This ironic twist ending often reveal something about the darker sideof human nature. Examples of these types of stories include The Necklace. In other word ironic twist is tragic.Misconception twistA narrator who has incorrect information built around their own perception of events that they pass along can build an unpredictable ending. The ghost who doesn’t know he or she has died, the robot who feels human emotions, the narrator who does not know they are a mannequin in a store are some ways to create a twist based on faulty or withheld information.Source:suite101.com/content/writing-short-stories-with-a-twist-ending-a181392

Contoh Spoof Text "The Necklace" Mathilde Loisel was one of those pretty and charming girls born,and she let herself be married off to a little clerk in the Ministry of Education. One evening her husband came home with a large envelope in his hand, an invitation card:"The Minister of Education and Madame Ramponneau request the pleasure of the company of Monsieur and Madame Loisel at the Ministry on the evening of Monday, January the 18th."Instead of being delighted, she flung the invitation petulantly across the table, murmuring."Why, darling, I thought you'd be happy. You never go out, and this is a great occasion."She looked at him out of furious eyes, and said impatiently: "And what do you suppose I am to wear at such a party?"

Her husband had not thought about it. But soon he had bright idea and exclaimed "Why don't you go and see Madame Forestier and ask her to lend you some jewels. "She uttered a cry of delight. "That's true. I never thought of it."Next day she went to see her friend. Madame Forestier went to her dressing-table, took and opened a large box. Her heart began to beat covetously. She discovered a superb diamond necklace. Her hands trembled as she lifted it. She fastened it round her neck, upon her high dress, and remained in ecstasy at sight of herself.

The day of the party arrived. She was the prettiest woman present, elegant, graceful, smiling, and quite

above herself with happiness. All the men stared at her, inquired her name, and asked to be introduced to her. She left the party about four o'clock in the morning. Arriving at home, She took off the clothes. But suddenly she uttered a cry. The necklace was no longer round her neck. So her husband returned to the party to find the necklace but he had found nothing. His face lined and pale. "You must write to your friend," he said, "and tell her that you've broken the clasp of her necklace and are getting it mended. That will give us time to work and get money to replace the necklace"

She came to know the heavy work. She washed the plates, dirty linen, the shirts and dish-cloths, and hung them out to dry on a string. Every morning she took the dustbin down into the street and carried up the water, stopping on each landing to get her breath. She went to the fruiterer, to the grocer, to the butcher, a basket on her arm, haggling, insulted, fighting for every wretched halfpenny of her money. While her husband worked in the evenings at putting straight a merchant's accounts, and often at night he did copying at twopence-halfpenny a page. This life lasted ten years and they had enough money to to buy and replace the necklace.

She went to meet Madame Forestier."You remember the diamond necklace you lent me?. Actually I lost it""How could you? Why, Well, you meet me to return the necklace now?""Yes, I bring you another necklace just like it. And for the last ten years we have been working hard for it. You realise it wasn't easy for us; we had no money. Well, it's paid for at last, and I'm glad indeed."Madame Forestier smiled in proud and innocent happiness. She deeply moved and said;"Oh, my poor Mathilde! But mine was imitation. It was only worth at five hundred francs!"

This example of spoof text is simplified from: eastoftheweb.com

Spoof Text is Different from Anecdote Text Commonly we define spoof and anecdote are similar, even both are same. Spoof and anecdote tend to be defined as text which relate to funny story and unusual incidents. Well it can be true as both bring the function mostly to entertain and share to readers. However, is spoof text like anecdote? If not, then what is the difference between spoof text and anecdote? Actually what is spoof text? and what is anecdote text? Well, let's go on. I have some comment which are identical. The point of the comments are asking what is the difference between spoof and anecdote text, or how to differ spoof from anecdote. From that view, this post tries to go on.We often find understanding about the funny story in our society life. Every funny story is often defined as anecdote. In this term, anecdote is pointing to "cerita lelucon" or "konyol". Most the story are funny because they have unpredictable funny things in the end. All those types of story are often socially called anecdote and they are going on. However, the unpredictable thing in the end of story which is often funny is called TWIST. This Twist, in term of text type, belongs to spoof. While in the generic structure of anecdote, we can not find the twist. So it might be the funny story which we often hear in our social life and defined as anecdote story is not the the anecdote text in term of text types we are learning.In text types discussion, Anecdote text has generic structure on how it is composed and the generic structures of anecdote are abstract, orientation, crisis, reaction and coda. while we know that the generic structure of spoof text is orientation, events, and twist. So the point is there are different generic structures between spoof text and anecdote text. Spoof ends with twist while anecdote is accomplished by coda. That is the point, how to differ easily between spoof and anecdote text

Goat Jumping into Deep Hole as EXAMPLE OF SPOOF TEXT Two men were walking through the woods and come across a very big deep hole. "Wow...that looks deep." One replied,"Sure does... toss a few pebbles in there and we will see how deep this hole is." Then they pick up a few pebbles and throw them in and wait... no noise "Geeez. That is really deep... here.. throw one of these great big rocks down there. Those should make a noise." After that, they pick up a couple football-sized rocks and toss them into the hole and wait... and wait. but no noise they heard.

Wow.. They were really impressed with how deep hole it was. They look at each other in amazement. One gets a determined look on his face and says, "Hey...over here in the weeds, there's a railroad tie. Help me carry it over here. When we toss that sucker in this hole, it's must make some noise."

The two men drag the heavy tie over to the hole and heave it in. But, not a sound comes from the hole. Suddenly, out of the nearby woods, a goat appears, running like the wind. It rushes toward the two men, then right past them, running as fast as its legs will carry it. Suddenly it leaps in the air and into the hole. The goat disappeared into the deep hole.

The two men are astonished with what they've just seen. How could a goat jump into the hole? Then, not long after that, out of the woods comes a farmer. He seemed to seek something and asked to the two men, "Hey two guys... have you seen my goat out here?"

Feeling amazing with what they saw of a goat jumping to the hole, they answer straightly,"You bet we did! Craziest thing I've ever seen! A goat came running like crazy and just jumped into this hole!"

The farmer thought a moment and said, "That could not have been my goat. Because my goat was chained to a railroad tie." Then he left the two men.

This example of spoof text is rewritten from: www.funnies.com

Contoh Text Anecdote SNAKE IN THE BATHROOM It is bit difficult to find out some examples of anecdote text. Most texts available over the Internet which are labeled as anecdote just referring to funny story. Meanwhile, in term of text type or text genres, anecdote text is separated to spoof which has main element of funny thing. Actually the point of anecdote is the CODA (hikma), what do the participants learn from the series of event in the story. The following text is good example of anecdote. Take a look!

Snake in the BathroomHow would you like to find a snake in you bath?We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided that we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.Suddenly to my horror, a snake's head appeared in the plug hole. Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.For an instant I stood there quite paralyzed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom.Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she'd probably have lean over the bath to get a better look.We found out later that it was a black mamba, a poisonous kind of snake. It had obviously been fast asleep, curled up at the bottom of the nice warm water-pipe. It must have had an awful shock when the cold water came trickling down! But nothing to the shock I got! Ever since then I've always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water

Note: contoh / example of anecdote text is recomposed from karupin'blog

From Bankrupt Candle to Best Seller Soap; an Anecdote Text Example In 1879, William Procter and James Gamble's best seller was candles. They had begun business together in Cincinnati. While they were in peak of popularity, the candle company was in trouble as Thomas Edison had invented the light bulb. It looked as if their candle product would become obsolete. People would like to use light bulb and would not use candle anymore.

The fears became reality when the market for candles plummeted since the candle product were now

sold only for special occasions. The outlook of candle company appeared to be bleak and depressing for Procter and Gamble. The situation was more miserable. Several months later the accident occurred. Without thinking one of the employee left to go to lunch and forgot to turn off the machine. Since the machinery was left in operation, air would work its way into the mixture.

However after discussing with his supervisor, the employee decided not to discard the mixture. Instead, he poured the mixture into frames and the soap hardened. Thus, the floating soap was born. Harley Procter decided to give the soap a name that people could remember. Then the soap was named IVORY. This ivory soap became the mainstay of the Procter and Gamble Company.

Amazingly, Procter and Gamble began to receive letters from buyers of this "accidental" soap. They wanted more of the soap that floats. Ivory soap was introduced to the marketplace. Even though this interesting formula was one of their best products, they were perplexed as to how this happened. The mysterious formula for the floating soap was resolved when the lunchtime accident was revealed.

Note: this example of anecdote text is arranged from liraz.com and essortment.com. Anecdote text is similar to narrative and also spoof and recount. What make different is the generic structure. Anecdote text is not only a matter of funny story like we often hear. Anecdote tex, in term of text type is an inspirational story, a story which a bring a CODA which is included in the end of the text

lessing behind Tragedy; an anecdote text There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)

Generic Structure AnalysisAbstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we do?

Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America. They prepared well for their plan

Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.

Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not accept it.

Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because of saving the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.

What is Anecdote? Anecdote Text

Definition and Social Function of AnecdoteAnecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote1. Abstract2. Orientation3. Crisis4. Reaction5. Coda

Language Feature of Anecdote1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc2. Using imperative; listen to this3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?4. Using action verb; go, write, etc5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward6. Using simple past tense

"The Perfect Husband" as Example of Spoof Text This is another example of spoof text. This story is funny, humorous, and twisting. The story has unpredictable ending through organizing the tricky plot. Take a look!

The Perfect Husband?Several men are in the locker room of a golf club. A cell phone on a bench rings and a man engages the hands-free speaker function and begins to talk. Everyone else in the room stops to listen.

MAN: "Hello"WOMAN: "Honey, it's me. Are you at the club?"MAN: "Yes"WOMAN: "I'm at the mall now and found this beautiful leather coat. It'sonly $1,000. Is it OK if I buy it?"MAN: "Sure, go ahead if you like it that much."

WOMAN: "I also stopped by the Mercedes dealership and saw the new 2007models. I saw one I really liked."MAN: "How much?"WOMAN: "$80,000."MAN: "OK, but for that price I want it with all the options."

WOMAN: "Great! Oh, and one more thing. The house we wanted last year is back on the market. They're asking $950,000."MAN: "Well, then go ahead and give them an offer, but just offer $900,000."WOMAN: "OK. I'll see you later! I love you!"MAN: "Bye, I love you, too."

The man hangs up. The other men in the locker room are looking at him in astonishment. Then he smiles and asks: "Anyone know whose phone is???!!!"

This example of spoof is taken from: www.cleanjoke.com/humor/The-Perfect-Husband.html

Analytical Exposition

Controlling Children Using Computer Computer and internet are useful as well as powerful. Information about health and safe usage of computer and Internet, especially for children, should be owned by each family. Computer connected to internet is powerful way to socialize with others. It can be good but also bad effect. Recently we hear a lot of children get the advantage of social networking sites but we often see the news about the disadvantage of it for children. Healthy and safety of computer and Internet usage should continue to be campaigned.

The role of parent in assisting and directing children in using computer is very necessary. Installation of software monitor such as key logger which has function to watch and note all activities relating to keyboard usage is helpful but not enough to protect children from potential harms. Children tend to hide what they have done in front of the computer to their parent. They see that all of they have done are their privacy and no one may know.

We can not prevent children from using computer because it is multifunctional. However, many parents worry about what their kids do in front of the computer; whether they are doing homework or even just playing games. Or spending all time to surf internet which is the materials do not fit with his age. There is a tendency, especially teenagers, want to become acquainted with many strangers out side. The lack parental supervision of children's activities is likely to pose a potential danger to them. So parental monitor against the use of computers needs to be done from time to time.

The Power of Music in our life Do you agree that music is important in our life? Yes I do, music has certain role completing our day to day activities. Here are some reasons why music is heard everywhere and anywhere. Music is a way to express feelings. When we fall in love, the kind of music we’d listen to would be all about love. When we’re sad, we would go for music that is melancholic in nature and immerse ourselves in the sadness. When we’re happy, we’d choose songs with happy tunes too.Song can help to memorize the last experiences. A favorite song is a powerful documentary. People with Alzheimer which are impaired the brain would remember details about songs they were familiar with. For example, an elderly woman who couldn’t even remember her husband’s name would remember the details of her favorite song; when it was played, how it made her feel and things about the song that made it especially memorable for her.Further, music can unite people for a cause and changes the world. A song with good lyric and striking deep chord can stimulate the universal feeling of all people. We can see it in the case of the famous and legendary Michael Jacson's Heal the World. It can arouse humanism of a lot people in this world.So what would the world be like without music? It would be lonely.

Text Types in Non-Fiction Writing Text types is generalized in two kinds; fiction and no-fiction. Fiction will be close relating to literature while non-fiction is deal more in technical usage of daily life.Browsing over the Internet, I find a very useful source to learn text types in non-fiction summary. They are:1. Report text, this kind of text is to describe the way things are, give detail description as they are2. Procedure, this instructional text is to instruct or describe how to make something or how something is done through a series of sequenced steps or phases.3. Recount, this text tries to retell events. Commonly the events happened in the past4. Explanation, this kind of text surely explains the process involved in nature and how something works. Explanation text is composed a lot in natural phenomena.5. Persuasion, as its word root, persuasive text tries to argue the case for a point of view and in higher

point it makes to convince and persuade readers. Persuasion text is studied in two types; analytical exposition and hortatory text.6. Discussion, a type of text which present argument and information from different points of view. Generally discussion text is accomplished with a recommendation7. The other types of non-fiction text such as Internet material, leaflet, interview, diary, journalistic writing, biography and autobiography can be seen at lancsngfl.ac.uk

The Advantages of Gold Coin Investment Gold has become a precious metal to mankind since it was the dawn of civilization. The nature of gold is soft and malleable which people can make and easily change to any forms, even it is done just by a simple technology. The beautiful golden and shiny color does not easily fade out. The form of gold can be as jewelry, bar, or coin. Now days gold coin, such as gold IRA, becomes an advantageous investment.

Gold is safe and profitable for investment. In uncertain situations, many people are turning to gold because gold has a more stable value and regarded as currency without limitation assets. It is secure and can be cashed out at any time we need. The Gold values tend to be stable; take a look an IRA gold discussion. It is zero inflation effect. It is very rare that the gold prices fell. Even every year, the gold price tends to increase.

Investments in the form of coins, it is famous as gold coin, is more profitable if it is compared with the investment gold in the form of jewelry. Gold Coin, for example gold 401k which some people call 401k gold, is very good when used as an alternative investment, whether it is for the medium-term investment and long-term investment. Besides that gold coins need less cost in production and manufacturing sot it is more lucrative than investing gold in the form of jewelry.

Moreover, some people do not just think gold as an investment, but also as collections. Because the character is a collection so the uniqueness and rareness are the point. There might be coins that cost up to more than a million because of the history variables, ownership, and perhaps an important event when the coin is launched.

From the reason above, if we decide to make an investment, it could be useful to consider investing gold coin or think about gold IRA transfer. It is really recommended.

The Importance of Exercise as Example of Analytical Exposition Why Exercise is ImportantThe majority of us claim that we do not have time for exercise. We feel too busy to do that. However, many expert said that exercise has great role in making our body healthy

Being physically active offers many advantage. In physical reword, exercise can reduce weight then our body will become fitter. Exercise is also believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer. Beside physical advantage, exercise also brings good effects mentally. Due to the fitter body, exercise can make us feel refreshed and happy then we can increase our life quality and expectancy.

How can we do exercise while we are busy? Such question is commonly found among us. Actually exercise can be done in simple ways. We can go walking while shopping. In the office we can take stair rather than lift to run up and down. Or we can go cycling while enjoy the leisure time.

Over all, doing exercise is little bit difficult in busy life but the little bit of exercise will help better.

Adapted from: www.hifit.co.uk/health-breaks/importance-exercise.htm

Fast Food in Example of Analytical Exposition The Unhealthy Fast FoodFast food nowadays is considered a normal eating venture. People are not just eating out on special occasions or weekends anymore. It means that all the time they mostly eat fast foods. However is fast food good for health?

Fast food has its popularity in the 1940’s. Within a few years, fast-food operations popped up everywhere. With the compelling rise in fast-food restaurants since the 1940’s, oddly it started the rise in obesity and cancer during that same time period.

Fast food is highly processed with a wide array of additives. To ensure fast food’s low cost, the fast food products are made with highly-processed ingredients to give it shelf-life, to hold consistency, and to enhance flavor. Fast food is altered from its original healthy form.

It is not the calories in fast food which damage health and waistline. It is the chemical additives such as aspartame and MSG (monosodium glutamate). Studies show that the chemical additives lead to weight and disease issues.

So, there is absolutely nothing nutritional about fast food. Fast food simply feeds hunger and craving.

Simplified from: www.criticalbench.com/unhealthy_fast_food.htm

Contoh/Example of Analytical Exposition about Being Fat The Problem of Being Too FatBeing too fat is commonly known as overweight or obesity. It is simply defined as too much body fat inside. Overweight potentially leads high risk of health problem.

Being too fat is recognized as a major factor for heart disease. Due to the overweight, the heart will work harder. It can lead to the heart attack. Furthermore, obesity potentially rises blood cholesterol and blood pressure. In addition, being too fat can change the amount of sugar in the blood. This will cause diabetes and other serous disease.

Beside all of that, being too fat is often avoided by many young women. They said that becoming too fat will bother their physical beauty appearance.

More serious studies are necessary to see the effect of obesity. However it is clear enough that overweight is not good enough for healthy life.

Analytical Exposition Sample in Learning English Why is Learning English Important?Language is the mean of communication. Mostly groups of society have their own languages. Some of them appear the top global languages. Most people in the world hear about English, Arabic, and Mandarin. However English is the most global spoken language. Then if a man wants to catch a global goal, he has to master English.Everyone recognize that English is an international language. English is used in writing and speaking by many people all over the world. It can be either as a first or second language. We even hear British, American, Australian, and even Singaporean English. Those various names of English are used as the first language in those countries. Futhermore, some countries have their own languages as a mother language but also use English mostly in daily comunication.Besides usage in daily interaction, English is also used as a key to open doors leading to scientific and technical knowledge. No wonder we find manual guides and instructions of many devices written in English. Even if we have a pack of instant noodle, we will see the cooking instruction also written in English. This transfer of science and technic will include many countries in economic, social and politics developement.

Finaly, the most easily seen in the importance of learning English is that most top requirement in filling job opportunities is the ability using English; active or passive. Job applicants who master English are more favourable than ones who do not.The above facts prove that everybody needs to learn English if he likes to greet the global era.

Analytical Exposition Sample on Accredited School Why is It Important to Choose the Accredited School?Most of teenagers need to go to school and there are a lot of schools over there. Nowadays, schools grow to offer plenty of choice; private and state ones. However it is a hard choice since there are many factors which need to be considered before making the selection. Some will be influenced by friends; because some friend got to certain school than we go to there too. Some prefer to choose certain school because of the closer distance. In fact, the primary decisive matter for selecting school is whether the school has been accredited or not.Why is important to choose an accredited school? Well, accredited schools have an edge over the unaccredited schools. This label of Accredited School has an impact in employment opportunities. As result, if there are two or more students with similar qualifications, the student who comes from the accredited school will have an edge over the other candidate. Student from an accredited school has more open door than student with an accredited one.Many students select certain school depending more on short term factors like friend influence and short distance from home. It is not bad since commuting actually needs much cost. Choosing school which is closer to home will save time, energy and money. However if that school is not accredited, the time and money spent along studying seems to be waste in the long term because it could become a limiting factor in gaining future opportunities.Accredited school is not the only factor which will drive student’s success. Personality and characterization are very important too. However a student with good personality who comes from an accredited school is better than the others.

Analytical Exposition Analysis on the Generic StructureAnalytical exposition is one of argumentative texts which present some supporting idea on why certain writer’s opinion is important. The opinion is formulated in a thesis which needs to prove by selecting arguments.The above example of analytical exposition about accredited school has the following generic structure:Thesis: it is the main topic of discourse in analytical exposition essay. Commonly the thesis will be placed in the first paragraphs. It also functionalize of introduction of the text. From the text above we see that choosing school will be wiser and safer if it is based on the status of the school; accredited or not.Arguments: the arguments are the heart of an analytical exposition. The absence of argument, analytical will just talk nothing since a thesis must be evaluated, whether it is true or false later, it does not matter. From the analytical exposition sample above, we see an accredited school graduate will hold better opportunity. Additionally choosing school based on short term interests seem to be less benefit in the end.Reiteration: it is the writer’s thesis which is re-stated in another word. The purpose is to strengthen the thesis. From the text above, we realize that choosing an accredited school is really important.

Discussion

Example of Discussion Text "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling" Example of Discussion Text "The Advantage and Disadvantage of the Internet" After High School; an Example of Discussion Text Example of Discussion Text "School Uniform" The Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Office National Exam in Pros and Cons Gift Cards Bring Advantages and Disadvantages Text Types in Three Main Genres Discussion Text Sample on Distance Learning

Example of Discussion Text "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling" Homeschooling is an alternative way to educate our kids beside sending them to public school. Homeschooling is becoming more popular every day. There are about two million children currently learning at home. However it has some advantages and disadvantages.Parents choose homeschooling to educate their kids because they believe that homeschooling can be a personalized schedule. Home schooling allows parents and children to work out a schedule that will best work for the child.Another advantage is flexibility in time and curriculum. By home schooling parents can set the curriculum around vacation, illnesses, and other surprise eventOn the other hand, homeschooling can spoil parents' time. Homeschooling needs a lot of time in preparation and delivery. Parents have to research topics, prepare the lessons, set up the projects and field the trips.So, when thinking about putting children through home school, we should make sure that we understand all of the criteria involved in the home education.Note: this example of discussion text "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling is simplified and arranged from: whitney05.hubpages.com/hub/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-to-Homeschooling

Example of Discussion Text "The Advantage and Disadvantage of the Internet" Computer, tablet, mobile phone, and other devices connected to Internet have been the most outstanding innovation in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages.The target of internet has always been the communication. By the advent of computer's Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village. Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other parts of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship.However, Internet also has disadvantageous sides. One of them is the wide spread of unsuitable content for kids. It is a very serious issue and related to children's healthy mental life. There are thousands of such inappropriate contents on the Internet which can be easily found.Though, internet can also create havoc, destruction and its misuse can be very fatal, the advantages of it outweigh its disadvantages.

This example of discussion text about the advantage and disadvantage of internet is arranged from: www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-disadvantages-internet.html

After High School; an Example of Discussion Text Going to college or getting a job right after graduating high school is the common choices of teens will likely face. Some likely choose to continue studying at college or university but the others try to find job. Here are the reasons.Why is it so important for student to continue on to post-secondary education; university or college? The reason is that post-secondary education will allow them to get the skills and tools that they will need to help them prepare for a good career. It has been said that the more education they have the more careers will be open for them to choose from. Employers today will tend to be more open to a person with the more education.However some of them choose to get job right after high school. They believe that education is critical but college is not. In fact, there are numerous careers, such as in healthcare, technology, operations, transportation, and the building trades, that do not require a four-year degree from college or university. Furthermore, as they advance in these careers, there is also nothing stopping them from pursing a college degree at a later age.So, what are you doing after graduating high school? Think carefully!

This example of discussion text about life after high school is arranged from:http://kidshealth.org/parent/growth/growing/after_hs.htmlhttp://www.r-go.ca/postsecondary.htmhttp://www.quintcareers.com/college_alternatives.html

Example of Discussion Text "School Uniform" What is discussion text? Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different points of view. This kind of text is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text. Read the following example of discussion text!

The Pros and Cons of School UniformSchool uniforms are dress codes that are determined by the teaching institutions and students has to follow the designed code obediently everyday. Many people believe that school uniforms should be applied but the others don't.Uniforms have various advantages for both the family and the child. A united school apparel can relief a financial stress of the backs of many families. As kids tend to compete and imitate each other, the race of following new trends in fashion or, providing different attire for every school day is considered a financial burden, not every family can afford it.Additionally, a uniform creates a sense of equality between all pupils. Young kids tend to judge others according to their look and what they wear. Uniting their school attire will draw their attention to other criteria and, the only advantage of one student over another would be personality, academic achievement or being good at sports.On the other hand, as repetition can lead to boredom, children can get frustrated of wearing same thing to school every day. Also, prevent their first steps of individuality by taking away their right to choose what to wear on their own free well.In conclusion, I believe uniforms aren’t meant to suppress the creativity or freedom of children. It helps redirecting kids’ creativity towards more important things than outer look, and waive financial burden of their families.Note: This example of discussion text about the pros and cons of school uniform is adapted from http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic40618.html

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Office Everybody like home sweet home however making office at home is possible and recommend. Of course home office will has both advantage and disadvantage. Therefore it is wise to consider the strengths and weaknesses to have a home office.

Some people will agree that having office at home will make benefit. It saves time. We need no commuting which occasionally takes a long time. Besides we are free to set the work schedule. Having home office will save money as we need not to purchase or lease of office space from rent companies. What make it more flexible is that we can set part or all parts of our home just as a real office. What we need is only a wireless router to cover all parts of our house with Internet. We can run our business wherever part of house we want, from living room, bed room, veranda, etc even we can make sell or purchase by online shopping for things we need. Furthermore Working at home might reduce stress, effort and time and divert it to other more productive things because while working, we are close to our families.

However making home as office also has some disadvantages. For some people, keeping the schedule is hard in flexible time. Such people type will harder if they are working just from home. There will no clear border between working and breaking. Working just from home also reduces the possibility to meet new people. It is true that computer and Internet connection possibly relate people every time and everywhere but we will interact with them in a dimension which is not real face.

So considering carefully what we actually need in running our business is very recommended before choosing to have office at home or not.

National Exam in Pros and Cons National exam becomes the hot topic in most of discussions. Though the Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by the go-vernment on the organization of the national exams, the controversy over whether it is necessary to maintain the national exams (UN) has continued. Some debates include the primary questions such as; does the quality of Indonesia education depend on the national exam?, will the quality of the Indonesian education system worsen without natipnal exam?People, who support the national exam explain that the quality of the Indonesia education system will drop without the national exam, so they try to defend the current system.Hoever there are people who disagree with the opinion. Those who against this national exam kept in our high school education say that it doesn't need the national exams because the quality of education does not just depend on the national exam. Further, the national exam only measures a small portion of students' competence in specific subjects, and does not measure students' competences throughout the semester.In fact, the national examination can still be useful as an instrument to evaluate or detect the level of students' cognitive competence in several subjects, on a national scale.

Arranged from: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/12/19/quality-education-and-national-exams.html

Gift Cards Bring Advantages and Disadvantages Gift cards become more popular during recent years. For example, in one season of holiday, sales reach $19 billion in United Stated and seem to grow more in the following season due to their convenience in the side of consumers and retailers.In retailers side, gift cards bring them some benefits. Selling gift card in simply selling product. When the cards are sold, they will get benefit. Additionally, gift card tends to be a matter of image and trend which means it is not strictly influenced by the functionality. Since gift card is the trend, the sales will increase significantly.However, there is potential disadvantages in the side of consumers. For example, itune gift cards apply process in the way of completing the shopping. they need do one step to another steps in processing the shopping. Likely, most of the steps apply time and date of validity or expiration. When certain step loose that validating date, the gift cards may be in risk. The gift card can be rejected to redeem. Again, in retailers side, producing card its self is costly. It means that there is additional cost which retailers have to pay.In whatever thing, we need to be wise. if we can use that gift card effectively, the disadvantages can be reduced.

Discussion Text Sample on Distance Learning

The advantages and Disadvantages of Distance Learning

A few years ago, distance learning was seen as an inferior way but nowadays even famous and established traditional colleges and universities are providing distance learning courses and it is generally considered a way to improve one's life.

However, people still argue whether distance learning give more advantage or disadvantage. Some of them who see the benefit of distance learning will say that distance learning needs no commuting. Of course it saves money and time that students would take. Furthermore, distance learning can be done at any student’s convenience. Mostly of the classes of distance learning are asynchronous. It means that students do not have to attend a lecture at a fixed particular time and place. Students can review the assignments and do their homework during off-hours or from home. Additionally, distance learning gives more accessibility. No one can deny it. People with limited mobility may encounter the problem when they take traditional class. With the online class system, the problem is absent.

Despite the many advantages, the other people will see that distance learning is costly and needs complex technology. To attend online learning, student must have a computer with possibly access to the internet. Admitted or not, such technology devices are not always available for common students. Another disadvantage of distance learning is that it does not provide immediate feedback. Unlikely traditional classroom, students have to wait for the feedback and comment until the instructor has review the works and sent response to them. Most of the time students will study alone. Distance learners may feel isolated or miss that social physical interaction that comes with attending a traditional classroom

Regarding the individual’s learning style, some students are able to learn when there is a live interaction between them and the available of accompanying teacher while others don’t really need it. So before deciding a choice of attending distance learning or not, each student needs to do a fair analysis regarding the kind of person he/she is.

Explanation

Contoh Explanation Text tentang Venus Eclipse Explanation Text about How Rain Happens Explanation Text about How Cell Phones Work Text Types in Three Main Genres Seasons as Example of Explanation Text Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Earthquake Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Bali Island HOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT WORK; an example of explanation text Flying Kites as Example of Explanation

Contoh Explanation Text tentang Venus Eclipse How Venus eclipse happens is best given to an example of explanation texts. Explanation text is compose to describe how something forms and why something exists and happens.What is an explanation text and how is the explanation text composed? Explanation text is structured by the generic level of general statement and followed with sequenced explanation. To have clear understanding on the explanation text, let's see the following example of explanation text!

How Venus Eclipse HappensOn May 16, 2010, people in most regions in the world have seen a very rare natural phenomenon. It was Venus eclipse. It was very rare amazing natural event. It was reported that the Venus eclipse will seen again in the future in 2050. Do you know how this rare Venus eclipse happens?Well, actually Venus eclipse is like Sun eclipse. Venus eclipses occurs when the position of the earth, moon and Venus is parallel. Venus planet will slowly disappear for a moment because it is covered the surface of the Moon. Venus planet seems to move to the back side of the Moon.The moon and planets are sharing a similar apparent path in the sky. That is why, it is not unusual for the moon to appear to pass close to Venus. In fact, the moon appears somewhere near it about once a month. However, most people don’t see these events because they are visible in the evening sky only half the time, and then only for a short period after sunset. The apparent closeness varies from month to month as well.Note: This example of explanation text about how Venus eclipse happens is arranged from beranda-jiwa.info and earthsky.org

Explanation Text about How Rain Happens Explanation text in some way is similar to procedure text. Explanation passage often make description about how something happens or why the thing occures. While procedure text bring the instruction on how to make something happen completely. The following example of explanation text about how rain happen is best showing on what is explanation text, what is the purpose or social function of explanation text and how it differ from other text types. Explanation text often use technical terms related to the thing which is being explained. Explanation text is commonly compose in the mode of

simple present tense.

How does Rain Happen?Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth's surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the Earth's atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

Source:http://mypages.iit.edu/~smart/abduima/lesson2.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain

Explanation Text about How Cell Phones Work A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we can communicate to other people in real time. Million people use cell phone for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate in voice, written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who make great change in the way people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. While wireless radio was formally known in 18994 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By these two technologies, then a cell phone was born. However do you know how actually cell phones work?This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or in long term "cellular telephone' works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station. The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed connected to the wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up by the towers and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone network.the towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the signal from short distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than one tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.

Seasons as Example of Explanation Text How do seasons happen?Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably noticed that it gets warmer in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?

Seasons happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tilts back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tilts toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. this condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half of the world , winter happens during the months of December, January and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other hand, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July and August.The regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

Source: kidscientist.com/5/why-do-seasons-happen

Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Earthquake How Earthquakes HappenEarthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

Mainly taken from: www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/why.html

Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Bali Island Why is Bali Famous for Tourism Object?One of the famous tourism spots in Indonesia is Bali island. Bali lays at the part east of Java. Thousand domestic and foreign tourists visit Bali each month. Do you know why Bali island is so famous?A lot of tourists like fresh natural environment. If that what they want, Bali is the best choice to visit. Bali has beautiful landscape dominated with green luxurious terrace fields. Moreover Bali give fantastic view; beautiful sunrise in Sanur and fascinating sunset in Kuta beach.Beside the beautiful beach and panorama, domestic and foreign tourists also enjoy the balinese local genius arts such as; dances, puras, and temples. Most of these objects are amazing.Like many other tourism objects, Bali also provide souvenir center which they can take home. Most balinese people are artists. They spend their time to apply skill and imagination through painting, carving dancing.What make them more exposed is that most of them are English speaking people. That is why Bali is well-known all over the wold.

HOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT WORK; an example of explanation text Many cars, motorcycles and other modern vehicles have fuel warning light devices. the warning light is usually red which switches on automatically when the level of fuel in the tank is very low. The warning light gives the driver information about the amount of petrol in the tank. When the light switches on red, it tells the driver that the petrol in the tank is almost empty. Therefore he have to put more fuel into the tank. However do you know how the fuel warning works?Well this is the way the fuel warning light work and gives the driver information about the accurate amount of the petrol in the tank. When the level of the fuel falls, the float inside the tank moves downwards. When this condition happens, the arm also moves downwards and it make the lever touch an electrical contact. This switches on the fuel light in the car dashboard.The red light which appears in the fuel panel of the dashboard tells the driver that he needs more petrol for his car. When he pours more petrol into the tank, this condition makes the fuel level rise and it pushes the float upwards. In return it disconnects to the electrical contact and makes the red light switch off.

Flying Kites as Example of Explanation How a kite flies is best at giving example of Explanation text. This kind of text is composed to intendedly make clear explanation on how something is processed and why the thing is formed. Explanation text is one of the text types which is similar to Procedure. What makes superficially different is the way how they are structured.

In one side, Explanation text is structure in the mode of description. It focuses on the thing which is explained. In the other side, Procedure text is constructed in the mode of instruction and commend. That is why Procedure is sometimes called instruction text. It focuses on the second person to explain how to form the thing.In my previous example of explanation text on Roman Roads was given to show how the explanation text gives clear note on "Why something is formed" To get clearer understanding of explanation text, now let's see another example of "How something is precessed/formed" which belongs to explanation text's social function. The example bellow is re-composed from Jenny Eather's writing with fun. It really helps to make better understanding on explanation text.

How is a Kite Flying?A kite is an object which is made from a light material stretched over a frame. Due to its light material a kite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into the wind.A kite is uses wind to make it fly because it is heavier than air. When wind travels over the surface of the kite, it is split into two streams of air. One stream of the air goes over the kite while the second stream goes under the kite.The upper stream creates an area of low pressure above the kite. The lower stream hits the kite at a shallow angle and creates an area of high pressure.The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure area has a pulling effect. The combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the kite into the air.Kites have been known for thousand of years. They are used for military or scientific purposes. Todays kites are much used for leisure and competition.

From the above example of Explanation text, we can see that the text has the following generic structure:General Statement; the introduction of the topic on with a brief definition on kites.

Sequenced Explanation; this is the main element of explanation text. It explain the important points of the kite. The explanation of how kites fly is given in order.

Hortatory Exposition

Contoh / Example of Hortatory Text "The Importance of Speaking English" Hortatory Text " Television for Social Construction" Example of Hortatory Exposition in "Online Job" Accessory for Vehicle Front Section Example of Hortatory Text about Proposing Gesang as National Hero Example of Hortatory Text in Tourism Benefit on Local People Example of Hortatory Text in Letter to Editor Text Types in Three Main Genres USE ENGLISH! Hortatory Sample

Contoh / Example of Hortatory Text "The Importance of Speaking English" Hortatory text is written to persuade the readers. It is about the matter which the writers believe as the important thing Hortatory exposition will be accomplished with certain recommendation which should or should not be done. Let's see the following example of a hortatory exposition text "The Importance of Speaking English"English nowadays has an important role in our daily life. It is the massive means of communication. Is there a strong argument which says that English will not give any benefit? Learning to speak English well may be the best way to improve our life. It seems all the people in the world have agreed to use English to talk to each other. About 1,500,000,000 people in the world speak English. While another 1,000,000,000 are still learning English.If we can communicate in English, we can contact people from all over the world. We can talk about our ideas and opinions on Internet discussion groups. We can chat with other interesting people to learn about their life and culture.If we can communicate in English, we can travel more easily. English is spoken in more than 100

countries. If we lost, we can ask directions or ask for help. Who knows, English will save our life somewhere someday.That is why we should make every effort possible to find somebody to speak with. Where can we find people who can speak English with us? We can find them at school, shopping mall, tourist destination, etcAbove all, don't be afraid to speak English. We must try to speak, even if we make mistakes. We cannot learn without mistakes. So, speak English as much as possible!

Hortatory Text " Television for Social Construction" A hortatory text is a text which intentionally asks the readers to follow what the writers think. A hortatory exposition text tries to persuade the readers. A hortatory text will be completed with certain recommendation. Let's see the following example of a hortatory text.

Television for Social ConstructionTelevision is today a part of daily life. It is not only a source of entertainment but also news and information. television is also a valuable tool for science, education and industryWhat makes television even more interesting is that action is accompanied by sound, so that we can see as well as hear what on the television. Today we can stay at home and enjoy entertainment that once could be seen only in cinema, theaters and sport arenas. Television enables to meet important people. It can bring important guests and important scene to receivers who are located anywhere.Television has a great influence on our idea about what is right and what is wrong. It influences the way which we should behave. Television has close related to our life in general. Some times the value and life style we get from television are in conflict with those that we get at home and school.

Critics point out that crime and TV show often appeal to taste for violence, while many games and quizzes appeal to greedy. it is important to suggest that television should be used for socially constructive purpose for the shake of better life.

Example of Hortatory Exposition in "Online Job" Online jobs are selected in part-time employment for many, and some have taken more seriously. A growing number of people are willing to take a job online. Working online has its advantages if we manage efectively. Why not?It offers flexibility and convenience that no other job can give. We can work from home with minimal investment and get a good income. The idea of adding weight to our pocket and makes life easier and comfortable is the most reassuring.The reason behind this great opportunity is that every day there are new companies to join. Every day and every minute men are seeking information aboute verything under the sky of the Internet.As we know, the Internet is the answer to every question, web sites need to update each section and also add reports on developments that have recently joined. Therefore, it is an expansive space for articles.There are a number of jobs we can work online. Some of them which strongly recommeded are writing, marketing, stock trading, and online education. However we should be very careful because scamming opportunities are always there.

Accessory for Vehicle Front Section Seeking the appropriate accessory for our vehicle is adventurous. We have to ensure that the accessory perfectly match both our standard and our auto’s. If we have a vehicle, we ought to seek an add-on which complements it. One of adds-on which is available aftermarket is push bars.

Front side of a vehicle is the most attracting eyes catching. We have be very selective in choosing the accessory. Why do we have to install the push bar for the front section of our vehicle? That is because it has a guard and modish function. First it is for safety. When we drive along the street, it seems that

collisions often happen. Of course we do not like the front side of our vehicle become scratched or damaged. Preventing that further risk for the collisions, a push bar is very helpful.

Installing accessory to a vehicle should increase the beauty sense. Modification is really an art. By installing the appropriate push bar, the vehicle will look stronger, tougher, more muscle but keep elegant and soft. It will be clearly seen when it is compared to the original plain look.

So why do we keep the plain look if we can change jut with easy step. However we have to select the adds-on carefully to match well for our vehicle.

Example of Hortatory Text about Proposing Gesang as National Hero Gesang Should hold a National Hero Status is good as another example of hortatory texts which exposes arguments and persuades the readers. Read the text bellow!

"Those who don't learn from history are condemned to repeat it" and "A great nation is one which fully appreciates its heroes." say popular English aphorism and national adage. Then, proposing an important person who has taken a role in our nation history is important. I think Gesang should be a national hero.Who have never heard Bengawan Solo song? I doubt it if there is. This keroncong song has been a part of national voices. Gesang is a senior composer whose songs gained fame all the way to Japan. He has received a number of awards in art and everyone will admit that his art talent was dedicated to this nation.Government has declared the other great composer; WR. Suratman and Ismail Marzuki as national Heroes. Gesang might not be compared to others, but in my opinion, Gesang is as great as them. All of them are maestros. Due to his keroncong music maestro, Gesang has taken a role in building our national identity.It is obvious that government should name Gesang National Hero. We should not delay and wait for, in case, our neighbor countries or other international communities go a head to recognize him and grant an award for what he deserves.

Note: This example of hortatory text about nominating Gesang as a national hero is adapted and arranged from The Jakarta Post in Minister supports Gesang's national hero nomination, Surakarta proposes hero status Gesang, and heroes and heroism issues.

Example of Hortatory Text in Tourism Benefit on Local People What is the benefit of tourism for local people? Well, Tourism is now a huge contributor to the economies of most countries. Tourism industries can bring money, job vacancy and advancement especially to developing regions. However, this money often goes into the pockets of foreign investors, and only rarely benefits for local people.

Tourism industries will not give much benefit for local people if, for example, multinational hotel chains don't care about the surrounding nature when they build new hotels. This can cause many social, cultural and geographical problems. Some local people may get job and money from that International hotel chain. However in case of missing that opportunity, some of them still have their own environment.Moreover, some facts show that tourists tend to go, visit and spend their money in restaurants, bars and even luxury hotels of that multinational chains. They less go to such places; restaurant, bar, hotel, shop which are owned by local people. This can prevent the local people's business from becoming even larger.Most important thing, tours or excursions of tourism have little effect on nature. Even it can disrupt or destroy ecosystems and environments, and if it does, the local people will get the risk.

So the local government policies should be put in place to ensure that tourism will make the benefit spreading widely. The policies should guarantee that tourism will not cause any harm to any local people

or places.Note: this example of hortatory text is partly adapted from ecotour.

Example of Hortatory Text in Letter to Editor Hortatory text is one text type of argumentative genres which has function to persuade readers. Since it is one type of argumentative passages, it is very similar to analytical exposition. Both hortatory and analytical exposition state thesis as the introduction. Both present argumentation to support the stated thesis. However hortatory exposition make the argumentation into a higher level. It is closed by certain recommendation and this makes hortatory exposition differ from analytical exposition. Hortatory exposition can be seen in various functional text. It can be formed of sales letter, advertising slogan, speech, or letter to editor. The following example of hortatory exposition is simplified from a letter issued in The Jakarta Post which was written by Tomas Lasam Manila.

How ASEAN Should Face CAFTA

the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) is a win-win situation for ASEAN. It will help speed the recovery of ASEAN from the global recession.The CAFTA is an important vehicle for trade-led growth and recovery in the ASEAN region with growth of 3.9 percent in 2009 which most likely will increase in 2010.Furthermore, the launch of a US$10 billion infrastructure investment fund by China to improve roads, railways and airlines and strengthen telecommunication links may help speed the ASEAN recovery.China has also committed to a $15 billion credit facility to promote regional integration. ASEAN should take advantage of this and not rely completely on the United States. Times are changing and regional groupings like the CAFTA, the SCO, the EU, the NAFTA, etc., are more beneficial than so-called globalization.One crisis, like the one in the US, has a domino effect to the world economy, whereas one region that falls into a crisis can be rescued by other regions not affected by it. World trade will be more stable under divided regional groupings and still maintain world trade and investments globally.Last but not the least, in order to take advantage of the CAFTA and make it work, ASEAN should cut down its bureaucratic red tape in its financial and economic sectors to efficiently speed up trade and investment, and do it with transparency.

Text Types Summary Narrative Recount Procedure Report Analytical Exposition Explanation Discussion Descriptive News item Hortatory Spoof Review Listening Test

Browse » Home » Hortatory Exposition » USE ENGLISH! Hortatory Sample

USE ENGLISH! Hortatory Sample Many of us are dismayed about the quality of our education, which is not commensurate with the high cost spent on school fees. It is way below our expectations if we compare our graduates with those who studied overseas, especially concerning the mastery of English.It is important to know that most of employments require competence in English, for office work and correspondence. Government officials, speakers, writers and observers use a lot of English.Then the important thing is to use English as a medium in schools so that we can compete with graduates from abroad. All students have studied English since they are in junior high school. Even some

of them had been introduced with English when they were in elementary school. However, lots of graduates have less English skills. Learning English is difficult but it is more difficult to customize us with itThen it will be beneficial to have TV films in English like in Singapore. It will help to increase our graduates’ competence in English.

(Adapted from: thejakartapost.com/news/2000/05/06/)

Recount

Recount Text: Lovely Party Example of Recount "My Fantastic Holiday" Contoh Recount text " Short Biography of Kurt Cobain" Example of Recount Text "Biography of Marion Barber" Recount Text "Biography of Albert Einstein" Contoh Recount Text - Recounting Horror Experience Text Types in Three Main Genres Recount Example in Journalist's Diary Spoof and Recount Text; What Makes them Different?

Recount Text: Lovely Party Recount text is majorly written in past tense mode. As it tells the story of of certain experience, it must be written in simple past tense, past continuous tense or past perfect tense. Recount text is very similar to narrative text. But recount text does not explore any complication among the participants, rather it recounts the event per event which happened in the last time. Take a look at the following example of recount text about love starts at the party

Love Story Started Again at the Lovely PartyIt was Friday again, the day for famous parties at Wellington High School. Students were dancing in the garden and everyone was enjoying the pleasure of being away from boring lessons.When Sarah came to the party, the music had already started. Tim suddenly noticed Sarah and felt shocked. He had been looking for her for 2 years. They met each other at a holiday camp in 1999, but mysteriously Sarah disappeared after a while. He had been thinking about her since then.At the party, Sarah was talking to one of her friends while most of the students were drinking as much as they could. Tim decided to talk to her and waited for her friend to leave. When he went next to her, she was searching for something in her bag, so she did not see him. As soon as he touched her on the shoulder, she raised her head and couldn’t believe her eyes. She had never forgot him.At the end of the party, no one was happier than Sarah and Tim as they found each other after 2 years.

Note: This recount text sample is arranged from: www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=414#aIt is presented for exercise of Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, and Past Perfect Tense

Example of Recount "My Fantastic Holiday" Retelling about one's holiday can be good as an example of recount text. It recounts the events in chronological order. Read the following recount about holiday.

My Holiday was FantasticLast summer I got a fantastic holiday. I visited some great places.

I went to an airport and was going to fly to Cleveland. I was spending there two days. I liked to see some Cleveland Cavaliers basketball matches.

Then I went to Hollywood. Hollywood is a famous district in Los Angeles, California, United States. It had become world-famous as the center of the film industry. Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO and Columbia – had studios in Hollywood. I did not want to leave but I had to.

After that, I went to New York city. I visited the Statue of Liberty. I went from the bottom of Manhattan to the top of the crown. That was very amazing.

The places made me feel at home but I have to go home. Next time I would return to them.

Contoh Recount text " Short Biography of Kurt Cobain" What is recount text? Recount text is a text which list and describe one's experiences by retelling events in the order in which they happened

Recount text can found in the way of a biography is written. A biography conveys details about a person's life or about an episode in their life. See the following example of recount text about the life of someone.

Short Biography of Kurt CobainKurt Cobain was the lead singer and the guitarist of an American grunge band called Nirvana. He was born in Aberdeen, Washington, on 20 February 1967.

When Cobain was eight years old, his parents divorced. This divorce gave bad impact on his life. At his fourteenth birthday, his uncle gave him a guitar as the gift. Since that, he began work on his own songs. He and his friend, Krist Novoselic usually practiced music in the upstairs room of a salon own by Novoselic`s mother.

In 1986, they formed a grunge band named Nirvana. Cobain was the vocalist as well as guitarist and Novoselic played bass. They released their first album titled Bleach in 1989. In 1991 they released the second album, Never mind. It was their greatest album which made them a kind of popular superstar. This album included popular songs like Smell Like Teen Spirit, About A Girl, Come as You Are, In Bloom and Lithium.

However the popularity was intimidating to Cobain. He began addicted to drugs and became worse, even he overdosed on heroin. On March 30, he went to a rehabilitation but ran away. He was reported missing for a few days. Then on 8 April 1994, he was found dead in his house in Lake Washington. He had shot himself.

Example of Recount Text "Biography of Marion Barber" I have posted an example of recount text about retelling a terrible experience. And this is another recount text in a biography, a short written account of a Dallas Cowboys starter

Biography of Marion BarberMarion Barber was born on June 9, 1983, and growing up in Minnesota. He attended Wayzata High School in Minnesota, and excelled in football, baseball, and track. Then, he attended the University of Minnesota, where he majored in Business Marketing.

In his college football career, Marion Barber would earn myriad honors and broke numerous records to boot. Marion Barber’s 3,276 yards and 14 100-yard rushing games ranked third in Minnesota Golden Gophers history.

Marion Barber hit the big time when the Dallas Cowboys selected him as the fourth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. Fans with Dallas Cowboys tickets watched Marion Barber emerge as a starter, rushing for 95 yards against the Seattle Seahawks and 127 yards against the Arizona Cardinals, which was the first 100-yard rushing game of the season for the Dallas Cowboys. He and the Dallas Cowboys agreed to a six-year contract extension worth $45 million. His stats will continue to improve and impress his teammates, coaches, and fans with Dallas Cowboys tickets.

This example of recount text in biography of Marrion Barber is simplified from: www.onlinetickets.com/info/sports_nfl/dallas_cowboys/marion_barber_bio.html

Recount Text "Biography of Albert Einstein" Recount text is commonly labeled as non-fiction writing. It is one of kind text genres, beside of narrative, spoof and others. Recount text can be a found in many ways to write a biography. The following is an example of recount text about the written account of famous scientist life, Albert Einstein

Short Biography of Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born near the end of the 1800s in Ulf, Germany. He graduated from the University of Zurich in Switzerland at age 26. That was also when he did his famous work in physics. Fourteen years later he won the Nobel Prize for Physics.For the next ten years he lived in Germany and traveled a lot to talk to other scientists. Then in the early 1930s he had to leave Germany because of Hitler and the Nazi party. He moved to the United States. From that time until his death he lived in Princeton, New Jersey. He died at the age of 74.

Contoh Recount Text - Recounting Horror Experience Recount text is included in a group of narration, similar to spoof and narrative. Recount text focuses on the series of event, one event followed by the others. Commonly recount text is arranged in chronological order; whether by time or by the essence of the event itself. Read the following example of recount text which narrates a survival experience from a horror situation.

Bus was Flowing Right Behind MeI stayed a night at Sakhuwa of Gati VDC because a landslide near Baseri had blocked the road, The next morning, I hopped onto the bus with registration number Ba 2 Kha 4013 that was on the way to Barhabise from Tatopani.I took a seat by the doorside and remember that there were around 35 passengers, including me. The driver started the bus. A kilometer into the journey, I noticed a ditch on the road.The driver tried to avert the ditch. Before I could know what was going on, the bus started hurtling towards the Bhotekoshi.I had given up hope of surviving, but found a ventilator glass broken. I came out of the shattered glass and plunged into the Bhotekoshi.The river carried me for about 35 kilometers and left me on the shallow surface. I passed out after that. The rescuers took me to a hospital when I regained consciousness.I heard later that all except four passengers had survived. I have sustained injuries on the face, hands and other body parts. Nonetheless, I feel that surviving was my destiny.

This example of recount text is taken from Himalayan Time

Recount Example in Journalist's Diary Recount is very similar to narrative. Recount explores the series of events which happened to participant/s. These events are the main element in composing recount text. However it just focuses on the events themselves. It does not include the conflict inside.

The events will be told in chronological order based on time and place. If we get recount text with complete generic structure, it will be constructed by structuring orientation, events and re-orientation. The absence of complication/problem/conflict in the generic structure is actually differentiating from narrative. Arranging these series of event in beautiful and attractive way is the power of writer in composing recount text. Below is piece of passage which can be read as recount text.

My Rush Time as a Journalist

I usually woke up at eight o'clock a.m. and went to the Press Center to check the daily schedule of briefings and press conferences. It was usually held by the United Nation officials or disaster mitigation team.

It was challenging to visit different refugee camps to find soft stories, human interest stories. After that I went back to the Press Center to cover the press conferences of the day.

It was heart breaking when I saw these survivors fight for food and secondhand clothing. Unfortunately as they said, the food and clothing were limited and inadequate. Emerging to glaring, fool noon, it was time to go back to Press Center to write stories and race against time. I was always fearing that the internet would come crushing down.

After everything was done, only then I remembered to eat. Most times, I only ate once a day because I always had to rush and again it was difficult to find food. I had to travel quite far. I needed to spend a 30 to 45 minutes by car just to find fresh food.

Spoof and Recount Text; What Makes them Different? Reading spoof and recount text will arouse the convenience. Both spoof and recount genre explore the informative fact for the past experience. In literary term, experience can be factual or imaginative, objective or subjective. Both spoof and recount focus on series of event which happened.However for functional view, recount text emphasizes in detailed information of the events. It reveals the series of events in chronological order based on time or place. In the other hand, spoof text tends to project the amusement of reading. Spoof text uses tricky plot to drive readers to certain view and sooner brings the reader to the opposite point. This trick will result amusement of reading.Clearly the different flow plots used by spoof and recount are seen at the applied generic structure. For the first stages, both spoof and recount have similarity. Both introduce the participants of the story and, orientate the main event and set the time and place. After that both spoof and recount text expose the following events in detail. The last phase is what makes them different. Recount text will summarize the introduction and closed with the writer's subjective feeling concerning the events. Meanwhile spoof text will end the story with what we call TWIST. It is the unpredictable thing. Reader has expected certain point in the ending on the contrary hand the story itself moves to another unexpected ending.

Report

Birds "Example of Report Text" Example of Report Text about Animal "Tyrannosaurus Rex" TELEVISION "Example of Report Text and Generic Structure" Simple and Clear Example of Report Text "Football" More Explanation on the Difference between Report and Descriptive Text Example of Report Text about Mangrove Trees ELEPHANTS as Example of Report Text Text Types in Three Main Genres Example of Report Text in Earthquake

Birds "Example of Report Text" A report text is to describe generic participants. It means, a report text is giving description of general classification of things, and not a thing in particular condition. The following text about bird is a best example of a report text

BirdsBirds are interesting flying animals. They are vertebrates and warm blooded animals. They belong to aves class and they can be found all over the world.

Birds breath with their air pocket. Beside as respiration organ, air pocket also can enlarge or reduce their weight when flying or swimming.

There are many kinds of birds. Earth bird has special characteristic. They have different morphology

according to their food and their habitat. Some of them eat seeds, pollen, fish or meat. There are some species that live in land and the others live in water. Land birds live on their nest.

Female birds have specific tasks. they lay eggs and feed their baby, Beside that they look for foods for their baby.

Note, this example of report text about bird is taken from: peperonity.com/go/sites/mview/genrereport/14817713

Example of Report Text about Animal "Tyrannosaurus Rex" As my previous post of report text, it explains in detail the characteristic of general, classes, group of thing. Now this is another example of report text which explain the "Tyrant lizard king", Report text will be arranged in GENERAL CLASSIFICATION and followed with DESCRIPTION. Read the following text.

Tyrannosaurus Rex Tyrannosaurus rex, sometimes just called T-rex, is believed to be the largest and most fearsome predator on Earth's land ever to have existed.

This dinosaur once lived in the Creataceous period approximately 68 to 65 million years ago. The T-rex lived in a humid, semi-tropical environment, in open forests with nearby rivers and in coastal forested swamps. The seasons were mild.

Tyrannosaurus rex was up to 40 feet (12.4 m) long, about 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6 m) tall. The arms were only about 3 feet (1 m) long. Tyrannosaurus rex was roughly 5 to 7 tons in weight.

As a carnivorous dinosaur, this giant predator most likely ambushed their prey, and devoured them with jaws full of white sharp teeth. With it's fast ability to run at an astonishing speed of 32 mph (50 kmh), a perfect slim and stiff tail that gave it an excellent balance and allowed it to make quick turns, equipped this gigantic predator and made it even more deadly, like a killing machine.

This example of report text about animal is arranged from: enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinos/Trex.shtml wiki.answers.com/Q/Bagaimanakah_contoh_teks_report

TELEVISION "Example of Report Text and Generic Structure" Now we are going to discuss more about a report text. Report text tries to explain the detail of things as they are. Why is a text called a REPORT TEXT, and not other types? Well, because the text cover the structure of GENERAL CLASSIFICATION and DESCRIPTION. Well, let's see the following example of a report text about TV

Television Television, or TV, is one of humanity's most important means of communication. It brings pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes.

People, with a television set in their houses, can sit and watch the president makes a speech or visits a foreign country. They can see a war being fought. Through television, viewers at home can see and learn about people, places, and things in a away lands.

Additionally, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are designed to entertain. In fact, TV provides many more entertainment programs than any other kind of information media. The programs include action-packed dramas, light comedies, soap operas, sports events, cartoons, quizzes, variety shows and motion pictures.

Simple and Clear Example of Report Text "Football" A report text can be very similar to a descriptive text. However, they can be distinguished easily from the object which is discussed. A report text commonly describes things in general while descriptive text tends to explain the characterization of a specific thing. Bellow is simple example of report text

Football Play Football is a game played by two teams of eleven. They try to score by kicking or heading the ball into the other team’s goal. Ten of the players can not use their hands. The goal keeper can handle the ball to stop it going into the goal. Games similar to football have been played for many centuries. The rules of the games were written down in 1863. In England, the FA ( Football Association ) cup was first played for in 1872. In the same year, England played Scotland in the first game. Today the most important International Competition is the World Cup which takes place in every four years. Brazil and Italy have each won the world cup three times.

This sample of report text about football play is taken from: report-text.blogspot.com/2009/06/football_02.html

More Explanation on the Difference between Report and Descriptive Text I have a short post discussing the differences between report and descriptive text. However some comments are still intentionally proposed to ask what is report text, what is descriptive text and how they differ from each other. I believe they are good to build the better understanding about the variety of text types which this blog has been concerning since it published it first post years ago. The comments which are given in responses for some example of particular text types really attract me, especially who make note whether some texts given as the example belong to report or descriptive. As stated in the previous posts, both descriptive and report present the caught picture of some thing for other. Both descriptive and report text functionally describe things, what and how they are.Due to some comments in this blog, I have browsed to find more vivid definition what descriptive and report texts are. Bellow are the sources which hopefully give more understanding of report and descriptive text and what the easy way to differ them:lessonplanspage.com explains that Information Report is classifying and describing general classes of phenomena. While Factual Description is describing a particular living, non-living or natural phenomenon.portals.aisnsw.edu.au has more complex explanation. Descriptive reports give information about something; they describe what something is or does. They characteristically use technical terms and present tense, and they build technicality through noun groups. The structure of a descriptive report is General statement followed by Description.awesome-reviews.info clearly states that If the thing which is mentioned in the text is clear about its name. We can make it sure as Descriptive text. But if the thing which is described in the text just the representative of the whole group of the thing mentioned, we can judge it as Report Text.So what is the easy way to differ report form descriptive text? Well there is not easiest way to see the difference between report and descriptive text since a text is possibly built from several types of text. Frequently, a text is combined from several genres. However taking a look at the participant of the text is very helpful to define whether the text belongs to report or descriptive. The particularity of the participant is a key to see the difference between report and descriptive.

Example of Report Text about Mangrove Trees A mangrove is a tropical marine tree. Mangroves have special aerial roots and salt-filtering tap roots which enable them to thrive in brackish water. Brackish water is salty but not as salty as sea water. Mangrove trees are commonly planted and found in coastal areas. Mangroves can serve as walls of protection for natural disaster in coastal area like tsunami. According to BBC News, healthy mangrove forests had helped save lives in the Asia disaster tsunami and people tended to respect these natural barriers even more, especially after the tsunami.

There are several species of mangrove tree found all over the world. Some prefer more salinity, while others like to be very-close to a large fresh water source such as river. Some prefer areas that are sheltered from waves. Some species have their roots covered with sea water every day during high tide. Other species grow on dry land but are still part of the ecosystem. The Times of India reported that rare species of mangrove had been found and was also known as the looking-glass tree, probably because the leaves are silver-coated.Mangroves need to keep their trunk and leave above the surface of the water. Yet they also need to be firmly attached to the ground so they are not moved by waves.Any part of root that appears above the water flows oxygen to the plant under water surface. as the soil begin to build up, these roots procedure additional roots that become embedded in the soil.

ELEPHANTS as Example of Report Text An elephant is the largest and strongest of all animals. It is a strange looking animal which it has thick legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tail, little eyes, long white tusks and above all, elephant has a long nose, the trunk. An elephant is commonly seen in a zoo, it has hard found in it natural habitat.The trunk is the elephant's peculiar feature. This trunk has various usages. The elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt the water all over its body like a shower bath. The elephant's trunk also lift leaves and put them into its mouth. In fact, the trunk serves the elephant as long arm and hand. An elephant looks very clumsy and heavy and yet an elephant can move very quickly.The elephant is very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its great strength makes an elephant a very useful servant to man. Elephant can be trained to serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers and even fight. An elephant is really a smart animal.

Example of Report Text in Earthquake Kinds of EarthquakeEarthquake often happens around us. It brings great damages. Earthquake is hard to be predicted and that makes lot victims.

Actually there are three kinds of earthquake. This kinds of earthquake are commonly base on the factor and geological area where the earthquakes happen. These three kinds of earthquake are tectonic, volcanic and explosion.

Tectonic earthquakes is most common one. This kind of earthquake happens while earth's crust rocks break because of the geological strength created by moving of the earth's plates.

Volcanic earthquakes happen exactly with volcanic activity. Volcanic earthquakes are when the volcano produces acidic lava, which drys quickly, when it drys quickly it blocks the top of the volcano. This make no more magma can escape. Pressure starts to build up and eventually the acidic lava can no longer stand the pressure. So the volcano is free to explode, the pressure is released so fast that an earthquake is caused. A volcanic earthquake is usually kept within 10-20 miles of the volcano.

Explosion earthquakes are the result of the collapse earthquakes that are small earthquakes occurring in underground mines and caverns.

Partly taken from:www.ngdir.ir/sitelinks/kids/html/earthquake_Kinds%20of%20earthquake.htmwiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_volcanic_earthquake

Descriptive

Example of Short Descriptive Text about Jakarta More Explanation on the Difference between Report and Descriptive Text Descriptive Text about Cleopatra The Descriptive Facts about the Moon

The Best Example of Descriptive Text about a Cat Contoh/Example of Descriptive Text about Taj Mahal Descriptive Text on Jatim Park Marsupial Mammal; EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT My Friend's New Shoes

Example of Short Descriptive Text about Jakarta Jakarta is located on the northwest coast of Java Island, at the mouth of the Ciliwung river. It dominates Indonesian’s administrative, economy, cultural activities, and is a major commercial and transportation hub within Asia.

The climate is hot and humid. Rainfall occurs throughout the year. The heaviest rainfall is from November to May. The city lies on a flat, low plain and is likely to be affected by flood during period of heavy rainfall.

The short monologue above is the audio file of listening section test for National Examination 2008. The monologue is followed by a multiple choice question at listening section number 13 as bellow:

13. Why is Jakarta at risk of flooding?A. It lies on high land.B. It is densely populated.C. It lies on a flat low plain area.D. The climate is hot and humid.E. It is at the mouth of the Ciliwung River.

Commonly a descriptive text will describe a particular thing, place, or someone. A descriptive text is structured with general identification and followed by detail description. In Identification paragraph, descriptive text will explore to answer the question of who, what when and where. The detail description will include a description to answer how it looks, where it is sees, what it does, and what it make it special.

Descriptive Text about Cleopatra One of the most famous women in world history was Cleopatra VII. She was the brilliant and beautiful last Pharaoh of Egypt. Historically, she became queen of Egypt in 51 B.C. at the age of eighteen. She was a Ptolemy, descended from one of Alexander the Great's generals. When she was twenty-one, Julius Caesar became her lover. Seven years later she met Antony. The romantic tragic relationship continued until they died by suicide in 30 B.C.

Cleopatra was legendary. She was famous not only for her breathtaking beauty but also for her great intellect. She had brown eyes and they were shaped like cat eyes. Her skin was in fact an olive shade, darker than Hollywood actress Liz Taylor who potrayed her in the film 'Cleopatra' in 1963. She had medium dark brown hair, about to the middle of her shoulder blades. She had a reputation as an extraordinarily sensuous woman.

Cleopatra was a woman of remarkable poise and unusual intelligence. She was highly educated. She spoke proficiently in nine languages and also skilled in mathematics. She is often considered to be a stunning seductress though she was studying to be a nun. Cleopatra was a very intelligent queen and a politician with a great charisma.

Note: The story of Antony and Cleopatra involved true characters and later was dramatized by William Shakespeare. This example of descriptive text depicthing what Cleopara looks likes is arranged from enote.com, theholidayspot.com, and current.com

The Descriptive Facts about the Moon Moon is the earth's satellite which we often see in the night. The Moon is the one place in our solar system where humans have visited. For the firs time on July 20, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin landed the Lunar Module of Apollo 11 on the surface of the Moon. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the Moon. However do you know what descriptive facts about the Moon are?

The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. It moves toward the east in our sky by about 12 degrees each day. The Moon is about 384,400 kilometers from Earth. The Moon has a diameter of 2,000 miles which is like to 3,476 kilometers.

The surface of the Moon has many things, such as craters, lava plains, mountains, and valleys. Scientists believe the craters were formed around 3.5 to 4.5 billion years ago by meteors hitting the moon's surface. The Moon does not have atmosphere, wind and weather that is why the footprints left there on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts will remain there for millions of years.

The Moon is not a light source. It mean that Moon does not make its own light. It reflects light from the sun. All of us can can see the Moon especially in the night because light from the Sun bounces off it back to the Earth. If the Sun wasn't there, we can not see the Moon.

The moon influences many of the tides in the oceans. This is because of the gravity force between the Earth and Moon. At full Moon and new Moon, the Sun, Earth and Moon are lined up, producing the higher than normal tides. When the Moon is at first or last quarter, it forms smaller neap tides.

This example of descriptive text about the moon facts is arranged from nasa.gov and kent.sch.uk

The Best Example of Descriptive Text about a Cat What is a descriptive text? I think it is important to recall before we go further about this example of descriptive text. The way descriptive text composed is similar to report text. Both try more to show less than tell. However descriptive text tends to specify the described object while report text will describe the object in general. The goal of the descriptive text is transferring the experience of the writers. The experience can be what they see, read, or feel. Descriptive text commonly tries to reveal the image of certain person, place, animal, or thing. Bellow is the best example of descriptive text I find. This descriptive passage which focuses on the cat's habit and less physical appearance is written by Barbara Carter. Read the sample bellow, you will see the clear understanding about descriptive text.

My Cat Gregory

Gregory is my beautiful gray Persian cat. He walks with pride and grace, performing a dance of disdain as he slowly lifts and lowers each paw with the delicacy of a ballet dancer. His pride, however, does not extend to his appearance, for he spends most of his time indoors watching television and growing fat.He enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix and 9 Lives. His familiarity with cat food commercials has led him to reject generic brands of cat food in favor of only the most expensive brands.Gregory is as finicky about visitors as he is about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle up against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk and stain your favorite trousers. Gregory does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends.After my guests have fled, I look at the old fleabag snoozing and smiling to himself in front of the television set, and I have to forgive him for his obnoxious, but endearing, habits.

Contoh/Example of Descriptive Text about Taj Mahal THE AMAZING TAJ MAHAL IN INDIATaj Mahal is regarded as one of the eight wonders of the world. It was built by a Muslim Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his dear wife at Agra.Taj Mahal is a Mausoleum that houses the grave of queen Mumtaz Mahal. The mausoleum is a part of a

vast complex comprising of a main gateway, an elaborate garden, a mosque (to the left), a guest house (to the right), and several other palatial buildings. The Taj is at the farthest end of this complex, with the river Jamuna behind it.The Taj stands on a raised, square platform (186 x 186 feet) with its four corners truncated, forming an unequal octagon. The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept, in which each element stands on its own and perfectly integrates with the main structure. It uses the principles of self-replicating geometry and a symmetry of architectural elements.Its central dome is fifty-eight feet in diameter and rises to a height of 213 feet. It is flanked by four subsidiary domed chambers. The four graceful, slender minarets are 162.5 feet each. The central domed chamber and four adjoining chambers include many walls and panels of Islamic decoration.Taj Mahal is built entirely of white marble. Its stunning architectural beauty is beyond adequate description, particularly at dawn and sunset. The Taj seems to glow in the light of the full moon. On a foggy morning, the visitors experience the Taj as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river.

Descriptive Text on Jatim Park For people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as a study center.

Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width.

Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.

The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc

Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study.

Marsupial Mammal; EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT Descriptive text is a text which describes a person, thing, place and certain condition in particular. According to www.sil.org, the example of descriptive text can be the appearance of a person, detail of location or requirement for employment. Commonly a descriptive text uses the first and third person pronoun as point of view.The following example of descriptive text is best in describing the appearance of a marsupial mammal. What a marsupial mammal looks like is the clearest example of descriptive text. This marsupial description is taken from Jenny Eather's example of descriptive text.

What am I?I inhabit a small area in south-western Western Australia. My species was quite widespread in Australia before European settlement but now we are endangered.I prefer areas of open woodland. I forage for my food in the mornings and afternoons. At night I sleep in hollow logs or under fallen timber.My body is about 25 centimeters long. My bushy tail is nearly as long as my body. I am covered in a reddish-brown coat with white stripes. My front legs are shorter then my back legs and I have small claws.My ears are short but my snout is long I have a very long, sticky tongue for eating termites I can eat over 10000 termites in one day.I am a marsupial mammal. What animal am I?

My Friend's New Shoes I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really matches on her.

Her new blowfish women's shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance.

She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The blowfish men's shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and become the hottest trend.Narrative

Contoh / Example of Narrative Text “The King of the Mice and the Woodcutter” Contoh / Example of Narrative Text " The Legend of Sura and Baya" Contoh / Example of Narrative " The Cap Seller and the Monkeys" NARRATIVE TEXT; A Farmer and A Box Narrative Text "The Ugly Duckling" Narrative Text: Love Story of Antony and Cleopatra Narrative in Love Story "Naruto and Hinata" Kinds of Narrative Contoh / Example of Narrative Text "The Story of Lake Toba" Narrative Text and Most Dominant Language Features

Contoh / Example of Narrative Text “The King of the Mice and the Woodcutter” Narrative texts always teach us some moral value. A narrative text will be constructed in ORIENTATION, COMPLICATION and RESOLUTION. Such plot of narrative story will determine the the story as whole. Let’s see the following example of narrative text!

Once, there was a king of mice. He lived inside a banyan tree in a forest. He loved the tree as his home. He lived there happily.

One day, a poor man wanted to cut down the banyan tree. The king of the mice was frightened so he asked the woodcutter to leave the tree standing. In result, he would give the woodcutter a gold every day. The woodcutter agreed.

Every evening, the king of the mice gave a piece of gold to the woodcutter. The gold was taken out from the roots of the banyan tree. The woodcutter was happy and took the gold home.

After a few days, the woodcutter's wife asked him, “Where does the gold come from?” So he replied, “The king of the mice gives me the golds from under the roots of the tree.” “Oh, you are stupid!” his wife said and suggested. “Why don’t you cut down the tree and take the golds all away?” The woodcutter would do as his wife said.

The following day, the woodcutter cut down the banyan tree. Unfortunately, he did not find any gold there instead the king of the mice had run away and crept up to the woodcutter’s house. The king of the mice took back all the golds.

This example of narrative text is simplified from englishstory12

Contoh / Example of Narrative Text " The Legend of Sura and Baya" Most stories are narrative. If a story consists of ORIENTATION, COMPLICATION, and RESOLUTION, surely the story is a narrative text. Let's see the following example of narrative text!

A long time ago, there were two animals, Sura and Baya. Sura was the name of a shark and Baya was a crocodile. They lived in a sea.

Once Sura and Baya were looking for some food. Suddenly, Baya saw a goat.“Yummy, this is my lunch,” said Baya.“No way! This is my lunch. You are greedy” said Sura. Then they fought for the goat. After several hours, they were very tired.Feeling tired of fighting, they lived in the different places. Sura lived in the water and Baya lived in the land. The border was the beach, so they would never fight again. One day, Sura went to the land and looked for some food in the river. He was very hungry and there was not much food in the sea. Baya was very angry when he knew that Sura broke the promise.They fought again. They both hit each other. Sura bit Baya's tail. Baya did the same thing to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura finally gave up and Awent back to the sea. Baya was happy.

Contoh / Example of Narrative " The Cap Seller and the Monkeys" Reading narrative text is always interesting and amusing. A narrative text is arranged in ORIENTATION, COMPLICATION and RESOLUTION. Let's see the following example of narrative text!

Narrative Story of The Cap Seller and The MonkeysOnce, a cap seller was passing through a jungle. He was very tired and needed to rest. Then, he stopped and spread a cloth under a tree. He placed his bag full of caps near him and lay down with his cap on his head.The cap seller had a sound sleep for one hour. When he got up, the first thing he did was to look into his bag. He was startled when he found all his caps were not there.When he looked up the sky, he was very surprised to see monkeys sitting on the branches of a tree, each of the monkeys is wearing a cap of on its head. They had evidently done it to imitate himHe decided to get his caps back by making a humble request to the monkeys. In return, the monkeys only made faces of him. When he begun to make gesture, the monkeys also imitated him.At last he found a clever idea. " Monkeys are a great imitator," he thought. So he took off his own cap and threw it down on the ground. And as he had expected, all the monkeys took off the caps and threw the caps down on the ground. Quickly, he stood up and collected the caps, put them back into his bag and went away.

NARRATIVE TEXT; A Farmer and A Box This is another example of narrative text. If you want to know what narrative and how it is structure, read what is a narrative text? A narrative text is narrating, telling a story. Its purpose is amusing the reader with a story. Let's see the following example of narrative text.

Narrative Story in a Farmer and a Box Once time, there was a poor farmer. He lived with his wife. One day, he dug up his field and found a big box. He then kept it in their house.One sunny morning, his wife dropped an apple in the box. Suddenly, the box begun filled with apples. No matter how many apples were taken out, more apples took place in the box.One day, the framer dropped a gold coin into that box. At once, apples disappeared and the box begun filled up with gold coins. Soon the farmer became rich.Having heard that his son got rich, the framer's father visited the couple. His father was not very strong. He could not go out to work anymore. So the farmer asked his old father to help him take the gold coins out of the box.His father worked hard, took the gold coins out of the box. When he told that he was very tired and wanted to have a rest, the farmer shouted at him; "Why are you so lazy? Why can't you work harder?. The old man said nothing and continued to work. Suddenly the old man fell into the box, he died. At once the gold coins disappeared and the box begun filled up with dead men.The framer had to pull out and burried. To do this, the farmer had to spend all the money which he had collected before. When he had used up all his money, the box broke. The farmer was just as poor as before

Narrative Text "The Ugly Duckling" This is another beautiful story of narrative text. The story is about an ugly duckling which fights for his right, to be accepted and loved. The moral value can be " Never judge others by their appearances". Let's read this narrative story!

The Ugly DucklingOne upon time, a mother duck sat on her eggs. She felt tired of sitting on them. She just wished the eggs would break out.Several days later, she got her wish. The eggs cracked and some cute little ducklings appeared. "Peep, peep" the little ducklings cried. "Quack, quack" their mother greeted in return.However the largest egg had not cracked. The mother duck sat on it for several days. Finally, it cracked and a huge ugly duckling waddled out. The mother duck looked at him in surprise. He was so big and very gray. He didn't look like the others at all. He was like a turkeyWhen the mother duck brought the children to the pond for their first swimming lesson. The huge grey duckling splashed and paddled about just as nicely as the other ducklings did. "That is not a turkey chick. He is my very own son and quite handsome" the mother said proudlyHowever, the other animals didn't agree. They hissed and made fun of him day by day. Even his own sisters and brothers were very unkind. "You are very ugly" they quacked.The little poor duckling was very unhappy. "I wish I looked like them" he thought to himself. One day, the ugly duckling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duckling lived alone through the cold and snow winter. Finally the spring flowers began to bloom. While he was swimming in the pond, he saw three large white swans swimming toward him. "Oh, dear. these beautiful birds will laugh and peck me too" he said to himself. But the swans did not attack him. Instead, they swam around him and stroked him with their bills. As the ugly duckling bent his neck to speak to them, he saw his reflection in the water. He could not believe his eyes. "I am not an ugly duckling but a beautiful swam" he exclaimed.He was very happy. From that day on, he swam and played with his new friends and was happier than he had never been.

Narrative Text: Love Story of Antony and Cleopatra Mark Antony became one of the three rulers of the Roman Empire, together with Octavius Caesar and Lepidus, and was responsible for the eastern part of the empire. He fell in love with Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt.

As his wife had just died Antony married Octavius’ sister, Octavia, in an attempt to heal the rift between the two emperors. When Cleopatra heard about Antony’s marriage she flew into a jealous rage as she knew that Antony did not love Octavia. Antony went to Athens when war broke out between Caesar and Pompey, Antony sent Octavia back to Rome and he returned to Egypt.

Caesar was very angry with Antony’s behaviour and he declared war on both Antony and Cleopatra. When the Romans arrived, Antony was offered a choice of how to fight. He chose to fight on sea. The Egyptian navy was inadequate. When Cleopatra’s navy turned and fled, Antony followed them. Caesar defeated him.

Antony got news that Cleopatra was dead. Antony was devastated and decided to kill himself. He wounded himself without dying. His followers took him to Cleopatra’s tomb, where he died in her arms.

Note This Narrative text sample about the story of Antony and Cleopatra is arranged and simplified from: www.nosweatshakespeare.com/play-summary/antony-cleopatra/

Narrative in Love Story "Naruto and Hinata" Naruto was walking alone in the Konoha village, he saw Hinata and waved to her. FortunatelyHinata turned around and walked over to him.

"Hey, Hinata, would you like to take a walk with me?" Naruto asked smilingly but Hinata blushed and

looked down, quiet for a second."Hm? What's wrong?" Naruto ask looking at her."Oh! Um nothing Naruto kun. I... I love to.. walk with with you." Hinata said shyly.

Naruto placed his hands behind his head and smiled. Hinata walked by him as the two were silent for a moment. "Hinata, why are you so quiet all the time?" Naruto broke the silent.Hinata didnt answer, then hesitated, "....I.... I've... always... been... that way." She said softly."I see. You need to talk more-- how am I supposed to know more about you, if you don't talk. You're always acting weird around me." Naruto pointed out.Hinata looked at him shyly then looked down looking ashamed. "S.......sorry. I--""Hm?" Naruto replied not opening his mouth."I..... I l--li.....like y.. you!" She said finally committing her feelings. Her face blushed a deep red.

Naruto stopped walking. He didn't know what to say. Silence took ove the moment.Tears filled in Hinata's eyes "S-sorry!" She said in a quiet tone as she took off running, ashamed. Tears flew from her eyes as she ran passed.

Naruto ran after her. But Hinata ran fast. Suddenly She tripped on a tree stump. Her face implanted in the dirt, as her hands clenched the grass and dirt. She sobbed quietly.

Naruto finally caught up to her. He crouched down, placed his hand, shaking on Hinatas shoulder. "Hinata... do... do you really like me?" He asked in his quiet tone.Under her muffled crying voice, Hinata answered, "y...yes..."Naruto didn't answer for a moment, then he replied, "Well... I have...feelings for you too.... I like you, Hinata"

Note: This example of narrative text in love story of Naruto and Hinata is arranged from: quizilla.teennick.com/stories/4743668/hinata-and-naruto-mini-story

Kinds of Narrative What is narrative? Narrative is an account of a sequence of events, usually in chronological order. Relating to kinds of text, which student has to complete studying in high school, narrative is a text which retells the story or previous experiences. The purpose of the text is to entertain or amuse readers or listeners about the story.Narrative is basically story and within this, story telling, there are many kinds of narrative - comedy, mystery, romance, horror are some of the commoner types. A poem can also be a narrative if it tells a story rather than just describing something.According to L. Spencer, in A Step-by-Step Guide to Narrative Writing. Rosen, 2005, In writing a narrative, an author has a chance to make his or her mark on the world by relating a story that only he or she can tell. Whether it comes from a personal experience or is one that the writer has imagined, the point of a narrative is to bring one's subject to life. By using sensory details, the five Ws and H (who, what, where, when, why, and how), and basic story structure, any subject can be made excitingCommon forms of narrative text which are studied in high school are:LegendWhat is legend? A legend is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history. Typically, a legend is a short, traditional and historicized narrative performed in a conversational mode. Some define legend as folktale. The example of legend in narrative text are

Sangkuriang Malin Kundang The legend of Tangkuban Perahu The story of Toba lake

FableWhat is fabel? A fabel is a short allegorical narrative making a moral point, traditionally by means of animal characters who speak and act like human beings. The example of fable in narrative text are:

Mousedeer and crocodile. The Ants and the Grasshopper The smartest parrot The story of monkey and crocodile

Fairy taleWhat is fairy tale? According to Wikipedia, fairy tale is an English language term for a type of short narrative corresponding to the French phrase "conte de fée". A fairy tale typically features such folkloric characters as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants or gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments. The example of fairy tale in narrative text are:

Cinderella Snow white Pinocchio Beauty and the beast The story of Rapunzel

Science fictionWhat is science fiction? According to Basil Davenport. 1955, Science fiction is fiction based upon some imagined development of science, or upon the extrapolation of a tendency in society. Science fiction is that class of prose narrative treating of a situation that could not arise in the world we know. Some examples of science fiction are:

To the Moon from the Earth by Jules Verne Starship Trooper by Robert Heinlein A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke

Contoh / Example of Narrative Text "The Story of Lake Toba" Once upon a time, there was a man who was living in north Sumatra. He lived in a simple hut in a farming field. The did some gardening and fishing for his daily life.One day, while the man was do fishing, he caught a big golden fish in his trap. It was the biggest catch which he ever had in his life. Surprisingly, this fish turned into a beautiful princess. He felt in love with her and proposed her to be his wife. She said; "Yes, but you have to promise not to tell anyone about the secret that I was once a fish, otherwise there will be a huge disaster". The man made the deal and they got married, lived happily and had a daughter.Few years later, this daughter would help bringing lunch to her father out in the fields. One day, his daughter was so hungry and she ate his father’s lunch. Unfortunately, he found out and got furious, and shouted; “You damned daughter of a fish”. The daughter ran home and asked her mother. The mother started crying, felt sad that her husband had broke his promise. Then she told her daughter to run up the hills because a huge disaster was about to come. When her daughter left, she prayed. Soon there was a big earthquake followed by non-stop pouring rain. The whole area got flooded and became Toba Lake. She turned into a fish again and the man became the island of Samosir.

Narrative Text and Most Dominant Language Features Learning text types in junior and senior high school is featuring the languages which are dominantly used to compose the narrative text. This language features are commonly relating to grammar and structure. Recently, studying grammar and structure can not separated with the contexts. That is why we find some grammar focus will be attached in the text.

Narrative text, since it told a story, is dominantly constructed in past tenses. It is logic because every story happened in the past time, happened before it is talking as a story. The past tenses can be simple

past, past continuous tense, and past perfect tense. These three tenses of the past will dominate talking in a narrative text.

Further, due to exploration of the participants of the story, dialog among participant seem to be written in direct speeches. Why it is constructed in mostly direct speech is to lead the readers feel, think, and have any experience by them selves through the real dialog of the participant.

Analytical Exposition

Text Types in Three Main Genres The Importance of Exercise as Example of Analytical Exposition Fast Food in Example of Analytical Exposition Contoh/Example of Analytical Exposition about Being Fat Analytical Exposition Sample in Learning English Analytical Exposition Sample on Accredited School Example of Analytical Exposition in Jakarta Issue Is Smoking Good for Us?; Example of Analytical Exposition Opportunity in the Global Financial Crisis; example of analytical exposition Laptop as Students’ Friend Career in Translation Writing is a Great for Money Online; an analytical exposition text What is Analytical Exposition?

The Importance of Exercise as Example of Analytical Exposition Why Exercise is ImportantThe majority of us claim that we do not have time for exercise. We feel too busy to do that. However, many expert said that exercise has great role in making our body healthy

Being physically active offers many advantage. In physical reword, exercise can reduce weight then our body will become fitter. Exercise is also believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer. Beside physical advantage, exercise also brings good effects mentally. Due to the fitter body, exercise can make us feel refreshed and happy then we can increase our life quality and expectancy.

How can we do exercise while we are busy? Such question is commonly found among us. Actually exercise can be done in simple ways. We can go walking while shopping. In the office we can take stair rather than lift to run up and down. Or we can go cycling while enjoy the leisure time.

Over all, doing exercise is little bit difficult in busy life but the little bit of exercise will help better.

Adapted from: www.hifit.co.uk/health-breaks/importance-exercise.htm

Fast Food in Example of Analytical Exposition The Unhealthy Fast FoodFast food nowadays is considered a normal eating venture. People are not just eating out on special occasions or weekends anymore. It means that all the time they mostly eat fast foods. However is fast food good for health?

Fast food has its popularity in the 1940’s. Within a few years, fast-food operations popped up everywhere. With the compelling rise in fast-food restaurants since the 1940’s, oddly it started the rise in obesity and cancer during that same time period.

Fast food is highly processed with a wide array of additives. To ensure fast food’s low cost, the fast food products are made with highly-processed ingredients to give it shelf-life, to hold consistency, and to enhance flavor. Fast food is altered from its original healthy form.

It is not the calories in fast food which damage health and waistline. It is the chemical additives such as aspartame and MSG (monosodium glutamate). Studies show that the chemical additives lead to weight and disease issues.

So, there is absolutely nothing nutritional about fast food. Fast food simply feeds hunger and craving.

Simplified from: www.criticalbench.com/unhealthy_fast_food.htm

Contoh/Example of Analytical Exposition about Being Fat The Problem of Being Too FatBeing too fat is commonly known as overweight or obesity. It is simply defined as too much body fat inside. Overweight potentially leads high risk of health problem.

Being too fat is recognized as a major factor for heart disease. Due to the overweight, the heart will work harder. It can lead to the heart attack. Furthermore, obesity potentially rises blood cholesterol and blood pressure. In addition, being too fat can change the amount of sugar in the blood. This will cause diabetes and other serous disease.

Beside all of that, being too fat is often avoided by many young women. They said that becoming too fat will bother their physical beauty appearance.

More serious studies are necessary to see the effect of obesity. However it is clear enough that overweight is not good enough for healthy life.

Analytical Exposition Sample in Learning English Why is Learning English Important?Language is the mean of communication. Mostly groups of society have their own languages. Some of them appear the top global languages. Most people in the world hear about English, Arabic, and Mandarin. However English is the most global spoken language. Then if a man wants to catch a global goal, he has to master English.Everyone recognize that English is an international language. English is used in writing and speaking by many people all over the world. It can be either as a first or second language. We even hear British, American, Australian, and even Singaporean English. Those various names of English are used as the first language in those countries. Futhermore, some countries have their own languages as a mother language but also use English mostly in daily comunication.Besides usage in daily interaction, English is also used as a key to open doors leading to scientific and technical knowledge. No wonder we find manual guides and instructions of many devices written in English. Even if we have a pack of instant noodle, we will see the cooking instruction also written in English. This transfer of science and technic will include many countries in economic, social and politics developement.Finaly, the most easily seen in the importance of learning English is that most top requirement in filling job opportunities is the ability using English; active or passive. Job applicants who master English are more favourable than ones who do not.The above facts prove that everybody needs to learn English if he likes to greet the global era.

Analytical Exposition Sample on Accredited School Why is It Important to Choose the Accredited School?Most of teenagers need to go to school and there are a lot of schools over there. Nowadays, schools grow to offer plenty of choice; private and state ones. However it is a hard choice since there are many factors which need to be considered before making the selection. Some will be influenced by friends; because some friend got to certain school than we go to there too. Some prefer to choose certain school because of the closer distance. In fact, the primary decisive matter for selecting school is whether the school has been accredited or not.Why is important to choose an accredited school? Well, accredited schools have an edge over the

unaccredited schools. This label of Accredited School has an impact in employment opportunities. As result, if there are two or more students with similar qualifications, the student who comes from the accredited school will have an edge over the other candidate. Student from an accredited school has more open door than student with an accredited one.Many students select certain school depending more on short term factors like friend influence and short distance from home. It is not bad since commuting actually needs much cost. Choosing school which is closer to home will save time, energy and money. However if that school is not accredited, the time and money spent along studying seems to be waste in the long term because it could become a limiting factor in gaining future opportunities.Accredited school is not the only factor which will drive student’s success. Personality and characterization are very important too. However a student with good personality who comes from an accredited school is better than the others.

Analytical Exposition Analysis on the Generic StructureAnalytical exposition is one of argumentative texts which present some supporting idea on why certain writer’s opinion is important. The opinion is formulated in a thesis which needs to prove by selecting arguments.The above example of analytical exposition about accredited school has the following generic structure:Thesis: it is the main topic of discourse in analytical exposition essay. Commonly the thesis will be placed in the first paragraphs. It also functionalize of introduction of the text. From the text above we see that choosing school will be wiser and safer if it is based on the status of the school; accredited or not.Arguments: the arguments are the heart of an analytical exposition. The absence of argument, analytical will just talk nothing since a thesis must be evaluated, whether it is true or false later, it does not matter. From the analytical exposition sample above, we see an accredited school graduate will hold better opportunity. Additionally choosing school based on short term interests seem to be less benefit in the end.Reiteration: it is the writer’s thesis which is re-stated in another word. The purpose is to strengthen the thesis. From the text above, we realize that choosing an accredited school is really important.

Example of Analytical Exposition in Jakarta Issue

Analytical exposition is one classified type as hortatory exposition in text genre. Both analytical exposition and hortatory exposition present arguments for supporting the issued thesis. What makes them different from one to each other is the last stage of the text, which the analytical exposition will end with a re-iteration. In the other hand, hortatory will close the essay with a recommendation. Analytical exposition will try to influence the reader by presenting some arguments to prove that the writer' idea is important. Furthermore, hortatory will try to persuade the reader how should or not do concerning the writer's idea. Now let's see the following example of analytical exposition!

Jakarta as a Bad Working Place for Expatriates

Jakarta is the second-worst place for expatriates to work in outside of the United States of America, Canada and Western Europe. It is according to a recent report published by Businessweek.

The Businessweek report ranked emerging markets that might be challenging to move into due to their level of pollution, disease, political violence and availability of good and services.

The report ranked Jakarta second, just below lagos in Nageria and above Riyadh Saudi Arabia, saying the threat of violence from extremest, in particular, was serious drawback to living in Jakarta. Bombings targeting foreign interests in Jakarta, such as the JW Marriot hotel bombing in 2003, have been repeated elsewhere in the city.

The report said despite problem common to many developing cities such as the risk of disease, poor sanitation, and excessive pollution, Indonesia can be an enticing location.

In response, the Jakarta administration took the report positively, saying it could spur the administration to improve its performance.

(Simplified from www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/04/15/)

Is Smoking Good for Us?; Example of Analytical Exposition Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands people die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.

Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers.

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes.

Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every body else.

Notes on the generic structure of this example of analytical expositionAs we know that both analytical exposition and hortatory exposition are classified as argumentative essay. Both present argument to support the thesis state in the orientation. This thesis places the writer’s position on the essay. From the generic structure, what make big different is that analytical exposition ends with paragraph to strengthen the thesis while hortatory makes a recommendation for readers.

Thesis: This pre-conclusive paragraph states the writer’s point of view about the topic discussed. Writer has show himself in clear position of the discussed topic. Paragraph 1 is the thesis of this analytical exposition text. It states the fact of the very fatal impact of the smoking habit. Clearly the writer wants to say that smoking is not a good habit.

Arguments: Presenting arguments in analytical exposition text is as important as giving conflict plot in narrative text. The series of argument will strengthen the thesis stated before. In this example of analytical exposition text, paragraph 2 and 3 are the detail arguments presented in a reporting fact to support that smoking is not good even for smokers themselves. Furthermore, people who do not smoke but they are in smoky area have the bad effect too from the smoking habit.

Reiteration: This end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something like conclusive paragraph from the previous arguments. The last paragraph of this example of analytical exposition points again that smoking is not good for smokers and people around smokers. However smoking is very good for Cigarette Companies

Opportunity in the Global Financial Crisis; example of analytical exposition US. financial crisis and its contagion to Europe and the rest of the world could also create new opportunity for Indonesia in term of foreign direc investment and the development of basic infrastructure.As the US. financial crisis has now spread to Europe, the oil-rich countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Arab Emirate which have accumulated hundreds of billion of Dollars in their foreign reserve, are now reviewing their holding or investment vehicle. They are looking for more diversified investment outside the US and Europe.Because of unfavorable political developments in Thailand and Malaysia over the past few months,

Indonesia which has largely Muslim population could become one of these oil-rich countries' favorite place for foreign direct investment. That wil be true if the conditions, legal and market infrastructure are conducive for Islamic financial instruments.The government had improved the legal framework with the recent actment of laws on sharia banking and bonds. The long term nature of Islamic bonds could make them the most suitable investment instrument for Indonesia, as these bonds grant an investor a share in an asset along with the cash flows and risks commensurate with such ownership.The financial crisis that has gripped the globe and weakening economic growth in the rest of the world will serve to the government to accelerate the investment reform measures in order to grab the hidden opportunity in the global crisis. (simplified from the jakartapos.com on Oct 9)

NOTES ON Generic Structure of the above Analytical ExpositionParagraph 1 is THESIS. It introduces the topic of the text which state the potential opportunity behind the glogal financial crisis.Paragraphes 2 and 3 are the ARGUMENTS which support to the opinios stated in the above thesis.Paragraph 4 is REITERATION which restates the thesis in another phrases to point the writer'opinion.

Laptop as Students' Friend Conventionally, students need book, pen, eraser, drawing book, ruler and such other stuff. Additionally, in this multimedia era, students need more to reach their progressive development. Students need mobile keyboards to record every presented subject easily. Of course it will need more cost but it will deserve for its function.

First, modern schools tend to apply fast transferring knowledge because the school needs to catch the target of curriculum. Every subject will tend to be given in demonstrative method. Consequently students need extra media cover the subject. Since there is a laptop on every students' desk, this method will help student to get better understanding.Secondly, finding an appropriate laptop is not difficult as it was. Recently there is an online shop which provides comprehensive information. The best is that the shop has service of online shopping. The students just need to brows that online shop, decide which computer or laptop they need, then complete the transaction. After that the laptop will be delivered to the students' houses. That is really easy and save time and money.From all of that, having mobile computer is absolutely useful for students who want to catch the best result for their study. Buying laptop online is advisable because it will cut the price. This online way is recommended since online shop also provide several laptop types. Students just need to decide which type they really need.

Career in Translation

Functionally, translation is transferring the message or the meaning and not the word. According to Nida, such translation is called dynamic equivalence translation. It tries to bring the precise message in different language.

Many people like to watch Hollywood movie but many get trouble in understanding to the actors' dialogue. So the way they get the understanding about the movie is reading the translating text running. If Hindi translation is provided, it will bring the better understanding for Indian moviegoer. Hollywood movie spread over other Asia countries. Therefore, Arabic translation, Indonesian translation and Farsi translation are widely needed and that is a big chance for English master in that countries.

India is likely being an English speaking country. India translation will grow better and. It seems Indonesia, Malaysia and Filipina will reach that mark too soon. Translation job will be great in amount and that is good development for translating job seekers.

Writing is a Great for Money Online; an analytical exposition text The emergence of the internet has given internet entrepreneurs many ways to make money. Writers are one group that have benefited from their talents as a result in the rise of internet based jobs.

Blog writing is an increasingly popular way to earn money online. determined by the owner of the blog. They are very popular because of the blogs are usually written on a certain subject area but can vary as its content is heir simplicity to get up and running. There are many free websites out there that will help you set up your own blog if you choose to go that route because blog plus advertisement is a potential money

Article writing is also a good money to earn money online. Make sure to gear your articles to promote and advertise you own business ventures. These articles are a free way to market the products and services you offer for free. The most effective advertising with these articles comes from the dialogue box that is inserted at the end of each article. These dialogue boxes contain links to basically any website you would like to drive traffic to. For instance, you might have one link in your dialogue box to a product you are selling and one to a blog where you are promoting a discussing other products.

Writing takes some time to gain credibility through but once it's done' earning potential can become very powerful.

Simplified from: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Michael_Noto

Analyzing on the TextGeneric Structure AnalysisThesis; Writing is good in making money onlineArgument 1; blog is a potentially earning moneyArgumant 2; writing articles is good in earning moneyConclusion; credible writer is powerful to make money online

Language Feature AnalysisSimple present tense; Blog writing is an increasingly popular way to earn money online, Writing takes some time to gain credibility, etcCausal conjunction ; because, etc

What is Analytical Exposition? Analytical Exposition Text

Definition of Analytical ExpositionExposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position2. Arguments: Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

Language Features of Analytical Exposition

Using relational process

Using internal conjunction Using causal conjunction Using Simple Present Tense

Anecdote

Blessing behind Tragedy; an anecdote text What is Anecdote?

Blessing behind Tragedy; an anecdote text There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)

Generic Structure AnalysisAbstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we do?

Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America. They prepared well for their plan

Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.

Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not accept it.

Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because of saving the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.

What is Anecdote? Anecdote Text

Definition and Social Function of AnecdoteAnecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote

1. Abstract2. Orientation3. Crisis4. Reaction5. Coda

Language Feature of Anecdote1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc2. Using imperative; listen to this3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?4. Using action verb; go, write, etc5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward6. Using simple past tense

Explanation

Explanation Text about How Rain Happens Explanation Text about How Cell Phones Work Text Types in Three Main Genres Seasons as Example of Explanation Text Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Earthquake Contoh / Example of Explanation Text about Bali Island HOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT WORK; an example of explanation text Flying Kites as Example of Explanation CANCER; Example of Explanation Text Do You Know Why Eiffel Tower was Built?; Explanation Sample Explanation Text Sample about Roman Road How Chocolate is made; an Example of Explanation text Between Explanation and Procedure Text Example of Explanation Text How Day and Night Happen: an explanation text Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight; an explanation text What is Explanation?

Flying Kites as Example of Explanation How a kite flies is best at giving example of Explanation text. This kind of text is composed to intendedly make clear explanation on how something is processed and why the thing is formed. Explanation text is one of the text types which is similar to Procedure. What makes superficially different is the way how they are structured.In one side, Explanation text is structure in the mode of description. It focuses on the thing which is explained. In the other side, Procedure text is constructed in the mode of instruction and commend. That is why Procedure is sometimes called instruction text. It focuses on the second person to explain how to form the thing.In my previous example of explanation text on Roman Roads was given to show how the explanation text gives clear note on "Why something is formed" To get clearer understanding of explanation text, now let's see another example of "How something is precessed/formed" which belongs to explanation text's social function. The example bellow is re-composed from Jenny Eather's writing with fun. It really helps to make better understanding on explanation text.

How is a Kite Flying?A kite is an object which is made from a light material stretched over a frame. Due to its light material a kite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into the wind.A kite is uses wind to make it fly because it is heavier than air. When wind travels over the surface of the kite, it is split into two streams of air. One stream of the air goes over the kite while the second stream goes under the kite.The upper stream creates an area of low pressure above the kite. The lower stream hits the kite at a shallow angle and creates an area of high pressure.

The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure area has a pulling effect. The combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the kite into the air.Kites have been known for thousand of years. They are used for military or scientific purposes. Todays kites are much used for leisure and competition.

From the above example of Explanation text, we can see that the text has the following generic structure:General Statement; the introduction of the topic on with a brief definition on kites.

Sequenced Explanation; this is the main element of explanation text. It explain the important points of the kite. The explanation of how kites fly is given in order.

CANCER; Example of Explanation Text What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause of death.Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as: nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.

(Simplified from:www.digital-recordings.com/publ/cancer.html)

Do You Know Why Eiffel Tower was Built?; Explanation Sample

Why Eiffel Tower was Built

If we talk about the Wonders of the World buildings, then we will see Eiffel Tower as one of them. However many of us do not know the tower’s past history on why it was build. Everything has the reasonable background, especially for the tower which is to be one of the most recognized buildings in the world.

Primarily, the Eiffel Tower was built for the World Exhibition. It was called Paris Exposition in 1889. The exhibition was organized to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. The purpose of building Eiffel Tower in such structure was to show to the world France’s advancement of technology and beauty. The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel. It seemed that then the name of the tower was derived from the designer’s last name, “Eiffel”

Another reason on why the tower was built was for scientific progress. Although few realized it, the Eiffel Tower would become the prominent structure in terms of science and technology. Many experiment with temperature, pressure and pendulums were performed atop the unique famous building. Additionally the Eiffel Tower was used for radio transmission tower. Many experiments were conducted atop the Eiffel Tower for radio transmission advancement. Once the Eiffel Tower was proposed to be demolished but it was spared because the tower had the promising future as a radio tower.

(Simplified from http://ezinearticles.com/)

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

The best discourse on how and what is explanation text is answering the question word “how” and “why”. Such question words need detail explanation on it relates. However, explanation text is written in narrative style and not instructional. If it is written for the purpose of instruction, then the text genre will be labeled as PROCEDURE.

From the above example of explanation text, we see that it has the generic structure as follow:

General Statement; the introduction of the passage on why the Eiffel Tower was built.

Sequenced Explanation; this is the main element of explanation text. This explanation is explored to answer the “why” or “how” question introduced in the general statement. From the example above, the text was written to explain why, not how, the Eiffel Tower was built. Then it elaborates the reasons. First is for the show case and the second is for scientific and technological purposes.

Explanation Text Sample about Roman Road

How Roman Roads were Built

The system of roads for mobility has been begun early decades. It was started since the Roman Empire conquered the world. The roads in Roman era were known as the best construction.

The Romans built roads are for the purpose of mobility, especially for the army. Having the best road, the army could march from one place to another. They built the roads as straight as possible, so that the army could take the shortest route.

It is interesting to know how the roads were built, which some of them are still in use today. First, the Romans builders would clear the ground of rocks and trees. Then they dug a trench where the road was to go and filled it with big stones. Next, they put in big stones, pebbles, cement and sand which they packed down to make a firm base. After that, they added another layer of cement mixed with broken tiles. On top of that rough construction, then they put paving stones to make the flat surface. These stones were cut so that they fitted together tightly. As the finishing touch, kerb stones were put at each sides of the road to hold in the paving stones. It was also used to make a channel for the water to run away.

(Partly taken from: www.teachingideas.co.uk)

Now we are going to see the generic structure of the explanation sample above.

Every explanation text will be started with General Statement of the text. It is purposely to introduce the topic of the text. From the example above, we point that the Roman road architect is the main discussion, just seeing from the first sentences.

After stating the introduction, text in explanation type will be followed with a Sequenced Explanation. It is the blueprint of the general statement which needs to be explained in detail on how or why something is formed. In the last paragraph, we clearly get the explanation on how formerly the Roman Empire Roads were built step by step.

How Chocolate is made; an Example of Explanation text Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

Note on the generic structure of this explanation sample.

Every text genre has its special purpose or social function. However if we see the generic structure point, we will get the understanding which both the explanation and procedure text have similar purposes. Both explain how to make or form something. However the procedure text will explain how to form or make something completely by instruction way. That is why most of procedure text is composed in command sentences. In the other hand, explanation text will show a knowledge about how thing is formed.

The above example of explanation text has the following generic structure:

General statement; it is a statement which says about chocolate and how it is formed

Sequenced explanation; it is a series of explanation on how chocolate is formed before we eat. First, the chocolate is coming from the cacao tree. Then it is fermented and ship to the chocolate producer. The cacao bean then are roasted and winnowed.

Between Explanation and Procedure Text Seeing the social function, both procedure and explanation texts have the similarity in which both describe how to make or done something. They give the detail description on something, phenomena, goods, product case or problem.To see the differences between explanation and procedure, we have to analyze the dominant language feature and how the texts are used.Procedure, this text type is commonly called as instruction text. It uses pattern of commend in building the structure. It use the “to infinitive verb” which is omitted the “to”. It is a kind of instruction text which uses full commend verb. Procedure is commonly used to describe how to make something which is close to our daily activity. For example how to make a cup of tea, how to make a good kite, etc is the best example of the procedure text. It is such word; first boil water, secondly prepare the cup, and so on.Explanation, it is commonly used the passive voice in building the text. Explanation is such a scientific written material. It describes how certain phenomenon or event happen. How a tornado form, how tsunami works are the best example of explanation text. It uses passive pattern in describing the topic

Example of Explanation Text Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.

Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur where denser

oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

(simplified from www.panda.org)

How Day and Night Happen: an explanation text The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season

Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight; an explanation text In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)

Generic Structure AnalysisGeneral statement; stating the phenomenon whic daylight in summer is longer than in winter.Explanation; it is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of the earth from the sun.Language Feature AnalysisFocusing generic participant; daylight.Using chronological connection; then, so, but.Using pasive voice; you would be forgiven.Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.

What is Explanation? Explanation Text

Definition and purposes of ExplanationExplanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' about the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of ExplanationGeneral statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Language Feature of ExplanationFeaturing generic participant; sun, rain, etc

Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etcUsing passive voice patternUsing simple present tense

Hortatory Exposition

Example of Hortatory Text in Letter to Editor Text Types in Three Main Genres USE ENGLISH! Hortatory Sample Should not Bring Mobile Phone to School; a Hortatory Text Sample NEVER TRY SMOKING; a Hortatory Sample Hortatory Example in Wearing Helmet Reading Hortatory Text Hortatory Example in Public Awareness Example of Hortatory Exposition in Watching TV More Dust Bins is Cleaner; example of hortatory Where should be after High School?; a hortatory text Millions from Property Market; a hortatory exposition text Removing Lead from Petrol; a hortatory exposition text What is Hortatory Exposition?

Example of Hortatory Text in Letter to Editor Hortatory text is one text type of argumentative genres which has function to persuade readers. Since it is one type of argumentative passages, it is very similar to analytical exposition. Both hortatory and analytical exposition state thesis as the introduction. Both present argumentation to support the stated thesis. However hortatory exposition make the argumentation into a higher level. It is closed by certain recommendation and this makes hortatory exposition differ from analytical exposition. Hortatory exposition can be seen in various functional text. It can be formed of sales letter, advertising slogan, speech, or letter to editor. The following example of hortatory exposition is simplified from a letter issued in The Jakarta Post which was written by Tomas Lasam Manila.

How ASEAN Should Face CAFTA

the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) is a win-win situation for ASEAN. It will help speed the recovery of ASEAN from the global recession.The CAFTA is an important vehicle for trade-led growth and recovery in the ASEAN region with growth of 3.9 percent in 2009 which most likely will increase in 2010.Furthermore, the launch of a US$10 billion infrastructure investment fund by China to improve roads, railways and airlines and strengthen telecommunication links may help speed the ASEAN recovery.China has also committed to a $15 billion credit facility to promote regional integration. ASEAN should take advantage of this and not rely completely on the United States. Times are changing and regional groupings like the CAFTA, the SCO, the EU, the NAFTA, etc., are more beneficial than so-called globalization.One crisis, like the one in the US, has a domino effect to the world economy, whereas one region that falls into a crisis can be rescued by other regions not affected by it. World trade will be more stable under divided regional groupings and still maintain world trade and investments globally.Last but not the least, in order to take advantage of the CAFTA and make it work, ASEAN should cut down its bureaucratic red tape in its financial and economic sectors to efficiently speed up trade and investment, and do it with transparency.

USE ENGLISH! Hortatory Sample Many of us are dismayed about the quality of our education, which is not commensurate with the high cost spent on school fees. It is way below our expectations if we compare our graduates with those who studied overseas, especially concerning the mastery of English.It is important to know that most of employments require competence in English, for office work and correspondence. Government officials, speakers, writers and observers use a lot of English.Then the important thing is to use English as a medium in schools so that we can compete with

graduates from abroad. All students have studied English since they are in junior high school. Even some of them had been introduced with English when they were in elementary school. However, lots of graduates have less English skills. Learning English is difficult but it is more difficult to customize us with itThen it will be beneficial to have TV films in English like in Singapore. It will help to increase our graduates’ competence in English.

Should not Bring Mobile Phone to School; a Hortatory Text Sample

Recently most people own mobile phone. Why does mobile phone user increase dramatically in recent years? First, the feature and functions has increased. Mobile phone is not used just for calling, but sending text, taking pictures, recording videos, accessing internet, playing games and much more. Second, mobile phone has also become a lot cheaper. Now this communication device does not only fill the pocket of adult but also teenager and student. Even a lot phones are intentionally designed to teenaged market. However should they be allowed to bring them to school?Many schools do not allow students to bring cell phones to school. It is very reasonable because bringing phone to school potentially disrupts the learning process. Most students use cell phones irresponsibly. They use cell phones to talk to their friend during class time. They also use the calculator and camera features in the class as well. Those potentially lead less concentration in the time of learning and teaching process.Students go to school to learn and behave fair way. Mobile phones provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to anyone and almost anywhere in the world. Because of the small size of the cell phone, students can send a text quietly and discreetly. The text can go unnoticed anywhere to get help on answering tests, homework, and other class assignment. Learning in school is to behave fair not cheating.Therefore, schools should ban students from bringing their cell phones. However it should be done fairly. In case of an emergency some student need a call for help, providing easy access to phone is better.

NEVER TRY SMOKING; a Hortatory Sample A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want to try smoking. They know it is bad for them and all, but it is just something they want to try. So they ask one of their smoker friends for a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly can not light it on their own so they ask his friend to do it. Then they inhale that cigarette and smoke occasionally.

Apparently that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke fairly regularly. They can not avoid smoking and they enjoy too. They have smoker friends. Everyday they bring a pack in their pocket. For them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money.

Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the cause of a long list of nasty diseases. It is not only heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each year. It was one every 80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses.

Then they decide it is stupid to harm selves. They want to quit smoking. Unfortunately, they find that quitting smoking is so difficult. “Why can't I stop smoking? I really want to stop it”. It is hard to quit because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most efficient drug-delivery devices ever devised. As result, when people try to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, headache, depression, and restlessness.

Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are not smoker, you should never and never try to smoke.

Hortatory Example in Wearing Helmet Why Should Wearing a Helmet when Motorcycling

We often hear lots of stories from road regarding people taking spill on motorcycle when they are riding without using helmet. Mostly the riders badly end up in mess.

Wearing a fitted protective helmet offers many benefits which reduces the negative aspects of riding. First and the most important is that wearing the correct helmet can save a rider's life, physical ability, family pain, and money. The recommended designs of motorcycle helmets can provide total protection. They not only protect riders from getting a worse road injured accident but also from flying bugs, such as rain, sleet, mud and other potential projectiles.

Second, wearing a helmet can gives the raiders a matter of style. Helmets give the opportunity for rider to express the image they may want to project when riding on they way. This benefit may not be important to some people, but to others, it means a lot and important. By choosing the most appropriate helmet from all of the various styles, such as beanie, shorty, German, and many others, wearing a helmet which can projecting an image is an inherent crucial part of motorcycling and help riders feel more confident when riding on the road.

However, what most important is wearing helmet when riding is a matter of using it properly. Bikers should use the helmets which are fixed to their head. It is really not good if they places simply the helmets on the head without settling them properly. The bikers should fasten the helmet correctly to their head in order to get safe and comfort.

Reading Hortatory Text When we recognize three levels in essay writing intense; descriptive, argumentative and persuasive, then we have to include the hortatory in the persuasive essay. Its purpose is to persuade the reader to follow the writer's act and opinion, point forward that certain thing should or should not be done.

Hortatory is similar to analytical exposition but if we have to differentiate both from one to each other, we have one useful tool by making analysis on the generic structure. What makes hortatory different from analytical exposition is the last finalizing step which analytical exposition is ended by a reiteration while hortatory is finalized by certain a recommendation. The generic structure is as follow:

Thesis; thesis is similar to tentative conclusion which needs to be proven by certain fact and argument. In the end, it can be true or false

Arguments; this is the phase which try to examine and support that the thesis stated above is true.

Recommendation; this is what should or should not be done in the hortatory text. This recommendation is differentiating from analytical exposition.

Now we will see the following example of hortatory text

Higher Education for Woman

In this modern era, there are still some parents who are reluctant about sending their daughter to college. Such narrow attitude shown to woman higher education is largely due to the traditional role of woman in society. A woman is expected just to be a wife and a mother most parents believe that if their daughter gets married and chooses to be a housewife, then the higher education will be a waste. However an educated woman does not only make a better wife abut also contributer better thing to the large society.

Nowadays more women are successfully combining their career and marriage. Educated women are richer both emotionally and financially. They are able to find an outlet for monotonous drudgery of their housekeeping. They bring more satisfaction and contentment to their lives.

Depriving girl of higher education is crash discrimination. Time has changed. Modern society need the talents of its people regardless of gender. Today women work alongside men. In fact, in the last few decades women have made outstanding contributions to society.

Woman should be given the freedom to be educated whether they get married or go to work after finishing their education because it is only through education that a woman will find herself useful and discover what she wants in life. A woman who work is not an insult to her husband. Conversely, her husband should feel proud of her achievement since marriage is actually an equal partnership. Therefore, parents should not think that girls should receive less education just because they will get marriage one day.

Hortatory Example in Public Awareness Let’s Make City Clean and Fresh

A clean and fresh city will surely make the inhabitants healthy. Every morning especially in dry season, all roads must be watered with clean water and swept by the workers of the regional government under the Major’s instruction.To keep the people from heavy pollution caused by cars, trucks and motorcycles, enough trees must be planted along all roads. Every building or house in the city must be surrounded short and small trees which bear colorful flower.Bad and improper habits which cause disadvantages, bad smell and dangerous diseases to people such as smoking and throwing rubbish anywhere should be stopped at once.The major of each city will have to think over the way how to educate people, so that they realize on how important cleanliness and health are for their own sake. Building more public lavatories at every busy place is very badly needed.It will be wise if the Major decides a certain amount of fine to be paid by those who disobey the government regulation on cleanliness matter. A man who urinate not at lavatory, smoke not at smoking room or throw rubbish at the roads should be fined for instance. Besides dirtying the environment with cigarettes’ butts, smoking will also cause pollution and lungs disease to other people.So bad habits and impolite attitude should be immediately stopped, otherwise the city will be dirty, unhealthy badly polluted and will never attract foreign or domestic tourist

Example of Hortatory Exposition in Watching TV Watch your Kids While Watching TV

Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely "Yes" and that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and so on.Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or at bedtime often cause bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration.Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following tips:

Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show

Notes on the Generic Structure of this Hortatory Exposition exampleFirstly, we have to always remember that the social function of hortatory exposition text is driving the readers to act like the writer thought as stated in the text. Then the purpose of this hortatory is influencing and persuading the readers by presenting the supporting arguments. In many social activities, hortatory is applied for writing recommended thought, sales letter, advertising, speech campaign, and news advertorial. Thesis: The writer's thought is presented as thesis which is proven with several arguments. In the first paragraph, the writer points his thought about the importance of accompanying children while they are watching TV show. It is important to protect the children from the bad influences of TV show.Arguments: The next paragraphs show the writer arguments in supporting his thesis. It is supported by various researches that there are a great relationship between watching TV and the watcher's personality. One study describes that much time in watching TV can cause bed-time disruption. The others show the possibility of becoming an aggressive character because of watching television too much.Recommendation: After stating the thesis and proving with various arguments, the text is completed with the writer's recommendation on how the parents should protect the children from the bed effect of watching TV.Basically, both hortatory and analytical exposition have the similar position. Both take place as argumentative essays. Both show how important idea of the writer to be known. However the last paragraph of the essay usually make the difference from hortatory and analytical exposition. If it is a hortatory text, it will be ended with a strong recommendation while for analytical exposition, it will be closed with restatement of the writer's first paragraph.

More Dust Bins is Cleaner; example of hortatory To improve comfort and cleanliness at the school, there should be an increasing number of dust bins.

When we look at classroom, school corridors and schoolyard, there papers, mineral water cops, straws, and napkin everywhere. The condition of unseemliness really hinders learning and teaching environment. They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for mosquito to spread out.

Anyway I notice that most of the students have responsibilities for their school environment. They put their litter on the proper place but some of them are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of the dust bins in the school are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each step, outside of the classrooms and some along of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.

When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not have problem of discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and school will be very clean and become a very nice place to study.

Where should be after High School?; a hortatory text The National examination result will be publicly enounced in next short time. Euphoria will flood for those who get success. In the other hand, It will be sorry to hear that there are some of them do not succeed in their national final examination. For those who succeed soon will think to decide; where will they be after graduating high school? Actually it will be easy to decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those have not planed yet, it will be quite confusing.

Continuing study or looking for work is the primary choice among them. When they think about continuing study, they will think hard about the time and cost. How long the higher study will last? And how high is about the cost. In the same way, when they think about straightly seeking job, what skill and competence they have got is a big matter of questioning. So, doing both choices in the same time is an alternative.

Continuing study as well as seeking job is possibly done but it will be hard for them. Conventionally studying in the university needs much time to spend especially in the first year. It is true because they have to do and adapt a lot of things in their new higher school. it will be very hard to looking for job. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing studying at higher school from their own home. As result, the available time will be more flexible for them. Then it will be very possible to seek job and get the appropriate one. This type of studying is publicly known as distance learning.

As the alternative method of studying, besides the conventional studying which students and the lecturer have to meet in the fixed time and place regularly, distance learning provides possibility to grow better. Possibly working and studying surely will create high quality graduate. Distance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them.

Millions from Property Market; a hortatory exposition text Dear friend,Are you tired of the daily grind? Sick of working all hours of the day for litle reward? Tired of having enough money to really enjoy yourself? Well, now there is a way out.We can show the way to give up work. Sit back and make millions for yourself and your loved ones on property market.Albert Smith felt just like you untill he read our leaflet. Now he drives a sport car arround the South of France and his wife has one of her own too.

Generic Structure AnalyseThesis; there is a way out of financial problem.Argument; Albert Smith is the proof.Recommendation; Join property market !Language Feature AnalysisUsing abstract noun; rewardUsing action verb; give up, make, etcUsing thinking verb; feltUsing simple present tense; are you tired?, he drives a sport car, etc

Removing Lead from Petrol; a hortatory exposition text In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the atmosphere) there doesn't seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the city and the country.While I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see the another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don't seem to appreciate that, in the country, there is no public transport to fall back upon and one's own vehicle is the only way to get about.I feel that the country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.

Generic Structure AnalysisThesis; paragraph 1Arguments 1; paragraph 2Argument 2; paragraph 3Recommendation; paragraph 4

Language Feature AnalysisFocusing on the writer: using the first personal pronoun "I" Using abstract noun; discussionUsing action verb: treat,

Using thinking verb; think, seemUsing passive voice; should be treated differentlyUsing simple present tense; there doesn't seem…, there is no public transport.., etc

What is Hortatory Exposition? Hortatory Exposition Text

Definition of Hortatory ExpositionHortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.

Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition1. Thesis2. Arguments3. Recommendation

Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition1. Focusing on the writer2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc3. Using action verb4. Using thinking verb5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc8. Using passive voice9. Using simple present tense

News Item

News Item about Man Push Van off Train Railroad Understanding News Item Text Growing Student Smoking as Example of News Item Text The Clear Example of News Item Text about Landslide Contoh / Example of News Item Text about Indonesian Maid Tragedy Contoh / Example of News Item Text Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms; a news item text Indonesian Maid in HK Court after Having Intercourse; a news item text Indonesian Maid beheaded; a news item text What is News Item?

News Item about Man Push Van off Train Railroad Argentina, February 09

An unidentified man became a hero in Argentina on Tuesday February 09 after security cameras captured him pushing a stalled van off the railroad tracks as a train bore down on the vehicle.

The video shows the man jump of the back of motorcycle and push a white van across the tracks before leaping back across tracks as the train narrowly missed him.

After a brief discussion with the man driving the motorcycle, he got back on the motorcycle and the two drove away.

Understanding News Item Text What is a news item text? A news item text is a text which is grouped into the text genre of narration. The main function of narration is is telling stories or informing about events in chronological order. The

order in the narration can be based of time, place and the events them selves.Referring to the high school graduate standard, news item text should be completely studied in the first class with narrative and recount text. These three text types explore the way on how a story or event is retold to others.News item text is written for public information of what is the newsworthy of the day. Basically, a news item text tries to answer the 5Ws and 1H questions; what, who, when, where, why, and how relating to the newsworthy.Due to the different generic structure of text types, though news item is in one group of narration genres with narrative and recount, understanding the structures on how the news item composed is absolutely important for better understanding on text genres which are different from one type to another. The following example of news item text is taken from the jakarta post which is best in revealing what news item is and how it is structured.

Three Die after Attending Marriage CeremonyThree residents were killed, while dozens of others were wounded after a pickup truck they were taking to attend a marriage ceremony overturned in Jingkang village, Banyumas Regency, on Sunday.The pickup was carrying 30 passengers, mostly women, when it failed to ascend a steep road on its way back from the ceremony.As a result, the passengers were squeezed. The wounded passengers were later rushed to the Ajibarang regional public hospital.Local police are investigating the cause of the accident.

After reading above example of news item text, it is clearly that news item text is written to inform the newsworthy. It is socially important to know that there was an accident of pickup which caused three died.Additionally the generic structure of above news item is as follow:1. Main event; the main event is the three died in an accident of the pickup after attending marriage ceremony2. Elaboration; it can be a background, participant, time, and place relating to the accident. It is the detail information for the accident which informs on how the accident happen and who are the victims.3. Resource; it can be a witness or statement/treatment of the authority.

Growing Student Smoking as Example of News Item Text Growing Number of High School Student SmokingA survey has found about 13 percent of first-time smokers in the country are junior high school students. It also revealed 89 percent of young female employees were smokers.

The survey was conducted in five major cities across the country, including Surakarta in Central Java.

Muhammad Syahril Mansyur, the Surakarta Health Agency’s respiratory illness division, said that the finding of the survey showed an alarming growth rate of Indonesian smokers. "This situation is a cause for concern,” he said. “It appears the country’s younger generation is uneducated about the health risks of smoking.”

The Indonesian anti-tobacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the government refuses to sign the international convention on tobacco control. It said that cigarette producers contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to thousands of workers.Rearranged from:www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/12/growing-number-school-students-smoking.html

The Clear Example of News Item Text about Landslide Landslide in BukittinggiTwo people died while four others were wounded in a landslide at a yard behind a house near Teleng market in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra on Tuesday.

Killed were 3-year-old Yusuf, who was the son of a kiosk owner at the market, Bujang, and 22-year-old Meli, who was a visitor to the market. The injured were rushed to the Achmad Muchtar and Yarsi hospitals.

Bukittinggi Deputy Mayor Ismet Amziz said Tuesday it was suspected that recent heavy rainfall had caused the landslide.

Source: thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/10/two-die-bukittinggi-landslide.html

Generic Structure of News Item1. Main event: News item text presents the daily newsworthy. In this example of news item text, the first paragraph is the main event. It informs the reader that a landslide happened2. Elaboration: The second paragraph of this example of news item gives further explanation about the main event that the two victim were 3 and 22 years old while the injured were brought to hospitals3. Resource of information: The last paragraph is the official statement from the expert or the authority which strengthen the news of the main event

Contoh / Example of News Item Text about Indonesian Maid Tragedy Indonesian Migrant Worker dies in MalaysiaAn Indonesian migrant worker Munti Binti Bani has died on Monday after being hospitalized for several days due to alleged torture by her employees in Selangor, Malaysia.

Antara state news agency has reported that Munti had been treated at Tengku Ampuan Rahimah hospital since last Tuesday and died on Monday at 10 a.m, local time. Munti was found unconscious with her hands and feet were tied in a bathroom in Taman Sentosa housing complex last Tuesday. She was suffering from major wounds on her body and had apparently been beaten with iron.

Munti's body will be sent tomorrow to her hometown in Pondok Jeruk Barat village of Jombang, East Java after undergoing autopsy at the hospital. “We express our deep condolences as there is yet another worker who was tortured and passed away at the hospital,” Indonesia's Ambassador for Malaysia, Da'i Bachtiar said in Kuala Lumpur on Monday. “The Embassy will arrange for all compensation, including insurance, she deserves to receive,” Da'i said.

He added that Munti's employees Vanitha and Murugan had been detained and were undergoing questioning at the local police office. “We hope the police can uphold justice and punish them should they be proven to be involved in the case,” he said.

Composed from: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/10/26/another-migrant-worker-dies-alleged-torture-malaysia.html

Contoh / Example of News Item Text Winning Award for Airport ToiletSurabaya's Juanda International Airport has won the Culture and Tourism Ministry's 2009 toilet award, beating out 2007 winner Denpasar's Ngurah Rai Airport, which now drops to fourth. Indonesia's main gateway, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, just outside Jakarta, moves up from fourth in 2007 to second, in the biennial "Sapta Pesona Clean Public Toilet Award".

The award was first handed out in 2007, and has so far involved only international airports. Acting Culture and Tourism Minister Muhammad Nuh said he expected the award in future to also cover public toilets at tourist sites across the country.

"Granting the award to those running public toilets at tourist sites is expected to improve the quality of products and services, particularly in term of cleanliness . as part of efforts to enhance the image of

national culture," Nuh said during the award presentation ceremony.Taken from: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/10/10/l

Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms; a news item text Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom to protect against HIV, a news report said.“This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”.Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day, which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily rising.Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they know they have HIV” she said.

(Source The Jakarta Post, June 01, 2008)

Generic Structure AnalysisNews worthy event: Malaysian women is urged to carry condoms to protect HIV.Background event 1: International Memorial Day was held openly in Malaysia to reduce stigma for HIV victims.Background event 2: The number of Malaysian women who are infected with HIV is steadily rising.Source: Malaysian Aids Council president said that there were some men who did not care to take precaution even though they knew they had HIV

Indonesian Maid in HK Court after Having Intercourse; a news item text A 45-year old Indonesian maid admitted having intercourse with her Hong Kong employer’s 14-year old son after watching internet adult content together.The maid is a divorcee and a mother of two children. The maid, named Suwartin, had worked with the boy family for 11 years.A court heard how the maid had intercourse with the boy in relationship that lasted five months. The boy tried to end the affair but she refused. The teenager eventually confessed to the relationship to the leader of Christian group he belonged to.Then the maid was arrested. She pleaded guilty to five charges of committing an indecent act with underage partner. She will be sentenced in two week’s time.She later apologized and said that she would live with the shame of what she had done for the rest of life. “She had acted out of loneliness” the maid’s lawyer said.

(Adapted from: Reuters, Hong Kong, May 6, 2008)

Generic Structure AnalysisNews worthy event: Indonesian maid court and admitted having intercourse with her young employerBackground event: The maid is a divorcee. She had worked in the boy family for 11 years. She had relationship the boy for five months. She apologized and felt guiltySource: The maid lawyer said that the maid had acted out of loneliness

Indonesian Maid beheaded; a news item text An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer, the Saudi Interior Minister said.

The woman was beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second execution in the country.The maid was earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her jewellery. Rape, murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the conservative desert kingdom.Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed more than 130 people.(Taken from: BBC News)

Generic Structure AnalysisMain event; an Indonesian maid was beheaded in Saudi Arabia.Background 1; the maid was found guilty of suffocating her bos.Background 2; serious crimes can carry death penalty in Saudi Arabia.Background 3; Saudi Arabia executed more than 130 people last year.Resource; the Saudi Interior Minister statement.Language Feature AnalysisFocussing circumtances; law of serious crimes.Using material process; behead, execute, carry, etc

What is News Item? News Item Text

Definition of News ItemNews item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic Structure of News Item1. Main event2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)3. Resource of information

Language Feature of News Item1. Focusing on circumstances2. Using material process

Earthquake in Los Angeles; a News Item on Wednesday evening, A 4.1 earthquake rattled parts of Southern California. Yorba Linda area bomame the senter of the temblor. The earthquake occurred at 8:17 p.m. The quake was felt over by people in a wide area of Orange counties and Los Angeles.

The earthquake was centered about two miles north of Yorba Linda and about 28 miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles. The main earthquake was 4.1 magnitude and followed by, a 2.4 magnitude quake after few minutes after the main quake. In that time thousands of people, celebrities, media and other invited guests, were being gathered at Disney's California Adventure for an event celebrating the final piece of a $1.1-billion expansion of the Anaheim park.

The Orange County Sheriff's Department said that there were no immediate reports of damage.

Contoh / Example of News Item Text "Monkey Forest Gets Kalpataru Nomination" What happens daily is the best example of news item text. The event must be a newsworthy. There are a lot of events each day but not all of them are newsworthy. Take a look at the following example of news item text.Monkey Forest gets Kalpataru Nomination

Ubud: The sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal in Ubud, Gianyar, has been nominated for the Kalpataru Awards 2012 along with other 13 nominees across Indonesia.Kalpataru Awards are the highest distinction for environment-related achievements by individuals, businesses and places. The Awards are usually presented by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in conjunction with World Environment Day, which falls every June 5.The Monkey Forest is owned by the village of Padangtegal and is currently under the management of Padangtegal Wenara Wana Foundation. It is home to rare and endangered flora and plants. It is also home to around 605 Balinese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).Together with Udayana University, the foundation identified a number of rare plants in the forest. There are around 115 species of plants, while some of the trees are considered sacred and holy, only being used for spiritual and religious purposes.Tas Diantoro Hadi, chairman of the Kalpataru Awards National Committee, said that the Monkey Forest was the only candidate from Bali this year. “We will categorize the Monkey Forest as a forest conservation nominee,” he said.This news item text sample is arranged from www.thejakartapost.com/bali-daily/2012-05-11/monkey-forest-gets-kalpataru-nomination.html

Contoh / Example of News Item "Manhole covers are being stolen" More than 30 manhole covers have been stolen in the city's Brooklyn, Queens and Bronx boroughs since early March, presumably by thieves selling them for scrap metal.Manhole covers are stolen on occasion but the recent thefts are a marked increase. "Stealing manhole covers is dangerous," said Milovan Blair, Con Edison's vice president for Brooklyn-Queens Electric Operations. "Anyone who steals these covers creates a serious hazard for pedestrians and motorists."The covers are made of cast iron or composite materials and can weigh as much as 300 pounds (136 kg). The high price of metals make them attractive to sell as scrap.Witnesses have reported seeing thieves wearing utility-style clothing but without official insignia prying open covers with a car jack, loading them onto pickup trucks and driving away, Con Edison said in a statement.This example of news item text is re-arranged from reuters.com

Example of News Item "UNESCO Acknowledges La Galigo" The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO has put South Sulawesi’s ancient literary epic La Galigo on the Memory of the World (MOW) list.It was the second document from Indonesia after Negarakertagama in 2008 which earned the acknowledgement from UNESCO. The certificate was handed to South Sulawesi Governor Syahrul Yasin Limpo on Thursday evening in the province’s capital of Makassar. The governor will then submit it with the National Archives Board.

The director of Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV)/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Roger Tol, said Friday that it took three years for the manuscript to secure the acknowledgment.

This example of news item text is arranged from: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/28/unesco-acknowledges-s-sulawesi-s-la-galigo.html

Example of News item Text - North Sulawesi Volcano Erupts What is news item text? The following news is best sample for news item as it is arranged in the generic structure order; news worthy event, background event, and source. Here is the best news item text. North Sulawesi Coolcano Erupts in North SulawesiManado: After several days of increased activity, the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) has announced that North Sulawesi’s Mount Lokon erupted at 10:20 a.m. on Tuesday,

The height at which lava shot out of the volcano was unknown as clouds blocked the full view. The agency declared areas within a 2.5-kilometer radius from the mountain’s peak dangerous and urged nearby residents to stay alert.There are no residential areas within that zone. “There might be other eruptions. We call on the residents to stay calm,” agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said in a statement sent to The Jakarta Post. The agency said that the residents living outside the zone did not need to evacuate yet.This example of news item is taken from: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/25/north-sulawesi-volcano-erupts.html

"Two Tibetan Monks Receive Prison Terms" A News Item Text News items text is a text which tells the daily newsworthy. It has generic structure of NEWSWORTHY EVENT, BACKGROUND EVENT, and SOURCES, To see the implementation of this structure, see the following news item passage.

Two Tibetan Monks Sentenced to Prison A Chinese court sentenced two more Tibetan monks to long prison terms on Tuesday, accusing them of “intentional homicide” in the death of another monk, who immolated himself last March, according to Xinhua.

The court sentenced Tsering Tenzin and Tenchum of the Kirt Monastery in the Tibetan area of Sichuan Province to 13 and 10 years in prison, respectively. On Monday, the same court found a 46-year-old monk, Drongdru, guilty of “intentional homicide” in the death of the monk, a 16-year-old who was his nephew and disciple.

Prosecutors said that after the teenager immolated himself, the three monks hid him and delayed emergency treatment. Human rights groups said the teenage monk was protesting government policies in Tibet.

This News Item Text sample is taken from: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/world/asia/01briefs-China.html

Tornado strikes South Bandung "A News Item Text" This is another example of news item text. For more news item samples, read news item label. The news item text below is about natural disaster, tornado. If you want to know the post about tornado which is categorized as a report text, read Tornadoes as example of Report Text.

Mini-tornado, hail strikes South Bandung A “mini-tornado” coupled with a hail storm hit some areas in South Bandung on Wednesday afternoon for approximately 30 minutes.

The weather panicked residents as hail stones penetrated corrugated iron rooftops. The wind swirled things around while hail stones made thudding sounds on our roof. Residents reported that the authorities had shut down the electricity in the area to prevent short circuits

“There was no sign of rain. All of a sudden, we saw dark clouds above followed by strong winds. Afterwards, it rained hard with hail stones,” said a resident.

This News item sample is arranged from: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/08/31/mini-tornado-hail-strikes-south-bandung.html

"Bear Killed Old Man at Yellowstone Park" News Item A grizzly bear killed a 57-year-old man hiking in Yellowstone National Park with his wife Wednesday. It's the first fatal bear mauling in the park since 1986.

The bears involved in Wednesday's encounter have not been captured, and park officials said they did not immediately have enough information to determine what measures, if any, they might take in the aftermath of the attack.

According to the AP, Yellowstone National Park is home to at least 600 grizzly bears, though some say the population is over 1,000. While the attack is the first fatal mauling in the park since 1986, it's the third in the region in little over a year.

A National Park Service statement said the couple surprised the mother grizzly while with her cubs, and that the grizzly fatally mauled the man in "an attempt to defend a perceived threat to her cubs."

This news item text sample is arranged from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/07/yellowstone-national-park-grizzly-bear-attack_n_892050.html

A News Item 'Giant Wombat Skeleton Found' The fossil of a car sized mega-wombat has been unearthed in northern Australia, scientists said WednesdayA relative of the modern-day wombat, the diprotodon skeleton was dug up in remote Queensland last week and scientists believe it could shed valuable light on the species' demise.Along with Australia's other mega fauna,which included towering kangaroos and gigantic crocodiles, diprotodon became extinct around the same time that indigenous tribes first appeared. "There's been a lot of debate about what killed the mega fauna and it's quite a hot topic in paleontology," Sue Hand, a professor on the team that made the discovery.There could be some very interesting data to be extracted from the find.The animal was two metres tall (6 feet,six inches) and 3.5 metres (11 feet, six inches) long. It was the size of arhinoceros or a car, pigeon-toed and with a backward-facing pouch."They basically looked a lot like a wombat, a very big beefed-up wombat,much bigger than obviously anything that's around today," said Hand.

Note: this example of news item text is simplified from www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hPzBPRj5N1zs4yiIvll8zmbAiwZQ?docId=CNG.bf1abcab2fe14bbe8efd2b795b61ddb4.31

Stoner wins Catalunya Grand Prix; News Item Sample News item texts are often found in news paper, magazine radio news and others. News item tells the newsworthy event of the day. I have posted some news items samples and this is another one. Hopefully it helps students to get a better understanding on what and how a news item text is.

Stoner wins Catalunya Gand PrixCasey Stoner won the Catalunya Grand Prix on Sunday for his third victory in the MotoGP championship this season.

The 2007 world champion overtook Jorge Lorenzo on the first lap and never looked back as the Australian's Honda proved too fast to catch on the 4.727-kilometer (2.937-mile) Catalunya circuit. Lorenzo was second, 2.403 seconds behind. After five races, defending champion Lorenzo holds a seven-point lead over Stoner. While american rider Ben Spies came in third for his first podium of the season.

Stoner said: "Jorge got off to a good start and I had to wait until the end of the first lap to overtake him and then he couldn't stay with me, fortunately."

Note: this news item sample is arranged from www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/05/stoner-wins-catalunya-gp.html

Review

Example of Review Text in 2012 Movie Zenni Optical; a site for eyeglasses Business Loan Program Career in Translation Structuring the Product Review Text Good Translation a TAMM Creation All about Ohio Sports Recording Mommy Journey Making Money Online Good Young Mother An Attractive Motherly Blog A Site from Reog Boy Recommended Software Applications Guide to Japanese Pop Culture When She Writes Bad Credit Improvement Online Shopping Software Choosing Web Hosting Beneficial Shopping Cart

Example of Review Text in 2012 Movie 2012 Film Review2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the Mayan calendar and other end-of-days prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world coming to an end in 2012.

2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire mission.

Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In 2012 film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich' 2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack supplies his trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky. Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a stock role. Platt has fun playing the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to warn his listeners about Armageddon.

All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.Simplified from:www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/2012-film-review-1004041300.story

Zenni Optical; a site for eyeglasses Eyeglasses will become more and more important. It is not only because for protecting our eyes from the hot light but also for holding the trend. There are a lot of online sites which provides products of eyeglasses but Zenni Optical was on FOX news! is just the perfect one.

If we visit the site, we will easily catch various information about eyeglasses. The site is quite simple but very informative. It is real, easy and not complicated design. With quick loading this site will bring us quickly in to what we want.

There is information about Variable Dimension Frames From Zenni. Titanium, aluminum and rimless frame are available. The eyeglasses are designed for different users. Eyeglasses for children, woman and man are available choice. Again, what makes it different is this site gives the Great Eyeglasses For Less cost. The product can be sold in cheap price because it has cut the marketing link. It straightly goes to the end user.

Business Loan Program Many of us want to build new business or manage the old one to make big development. Business plan has been analyzed. The property and equipment have been listed. However this good plan and preparation will not run well without enough cash in hands.What we have to do when we have to face such condition? Will we give up and sleep leaving that good plan and preparation? We should not. When there is a will there is a way. The answer is finding Business Loans program which offer the best service. Easy process is one of the characteristics. Of course we do not want to apply the loan in complicated process. Some programs offer the easy service in processing but some time they do not give funding quickly. In the other hand we do need the cash for running our business.The best program of Business Loan will provide easy process in application, fund quickly as we urgently need the cash and provide the excellent service with fully customer support. So if you have found such program, apply soon to increase your own business profit.

Structuring the Product Review Text Product reviewing has attracted many blogger. Besides Pay per Click program, reviewing has appeared as top choice for blogger in earning online. Writing review is lucrative source for blogger. In one side, writing review can make rich content of the blog. Of course it has to be suitable or arranged to suit the niche of the blog. In the second side, blogger can get earning from that content.

Review is one of text genres. This classification of text types is commonly based on the structure which used by the writer to compose his text. Each text type will have different form of generic structure. As I said in my previous post, review text usually has generic structure as:

Introduction: it is the highlight of the general description about what will be reviewed. It can be product, services which want to be sold, or just a site which want to be known publicly. Then it will drive more traffic into the site.

Evaluation: the second phase is coming inside into the product in details. It states the parts, uniqueness, quality of the product which will be known publicly. However too much detail description will “teach” the will-buyer and it does not sound good. Evaluating as far as necessary for the targeted buyer is more genuine. The term of evaluation will not be far from simple word of good or bad. In this phase reviewer will apply much evaluative word, valuable, useful, worthy, etc.

Interpretation: after writing about the objective thing of the product, it is the time for reviewer to write about what he thinks or impresses on the product. Of course this phase can be done after getting enough evaluation on the product. It is personal idea about the product. Frequently to support and strengthen his idea or impression, a reviewer describes a comparison to other similar product. He states in which side the product has additional value or honestly admitted that the product lacks value in certain side.

Summary: this phase is recommending conclusion for reader of the product. After clearly explanation, a reviewer will make a final comment whether the product is valuable or not for targeted buyer. This phase is the worth of the review for reader

Good Translation Translation is transferring not only words by word but also message to message. In certain case, it will be quite difficult to make translation. How is to make good Arabic translation from English phrase of “as white as snow” meanwhile there is no snow in Arabian?The basic requirement of a good translator is mastering resource and target language with all non-linguistic aspect . If he is an English translator and wants to make Hindi translation, he should understand well the language and aspect of India. Similarly, if he works with Farsi translation, he has to be familiar with linguistics and non-linguistics of Farsian.However, translation providers can bridge that difficulty. The translation experts, such as India translation will help to fix the problem. The experts who have grammatical, lexical, sociolinguistics specialization will match in transferring the message from one language to another language.

a TAMM Creation The loved people will make us do everything. They have great impact on us. We will do anything for them. Luckily we have ability to catch the advantage of that "force", one example is a TAMM creation. This site is built with the motivation to do everything for the kids and fortunately supported by the husband. After all, we find that this site is composed by a mother. Now she has and run her own business.She loves writing as it is said in her previous pos 'freelance writing'. It is a great interest. Firstly it is just for fun but in the end she eagerly to write a book. At least by writing she has opportunity to share her idea, thought, and creation. She understands well that writing has strong power for socialization personally and profitably. This blog where she writes on used to be a medium for her to run his business, selling handicraft creation. As everything had changed she focused on topic of kid and family. She has been a writer.

All about Ohio Sports It is time for men speak. If previous post is about kid and mother, this post is about men and their masculine stuff. Sport is always attracted us much. It shows power, strength, strategy, dedication and commitment.This site features Ohio State player and recruit interviews of football, basketball and National Football League of America information completely with top pictures. It presents scores and improvement of player and game. This site is useful resource for sport affiliates; player, spectator, commentator, journalist, coach and others.It also provides news area which a lot of up-to-date information about sport and things related to it. Beside that, it also gives forum area where visitors have opportunity in interact with others. They can discuss a hot news and topic. They can ask certain question while others give comment. If they maximally use these facilities, they will be strongly connected and appear as solid community on sport.

Recording Mommy Journey Life itself is a journey. For Rosemarie, a pretty young Filipino single mother for 2-year kid, the daily activities are worthily documented. The site is her effort to record of what she did, does and will do daily.The site consists of several topic; family, motherhood, shopping, money, love fashion and shopping. These topics are close related to her own life. She is not only young but also pretty and she has a kid. These topics will be useful to her. Rosemarie is also interested with making money, internet, business, computer, loan and other interesting stuff. She is a widely knowledge mom.The template design of her site is very girly, pink centered. She has arranged her site very attractive, fresh and bright. Again, this physical appearing site must represent her personal mood because she is a young and pretty mom. I like this site and you, young mothers, surely will like the site too.

Making Money Online I read the description of this blog which has title The World is Yours Now and I straightly catch the point that this blog is about how to make money online. I have read several such point blogs but this one is different. This blog is strongly motivated reader that there is wide opportunity to make money online especially through writing blogThis blog gradually guides reader how to make money through blog fast and easily. There are ways to make money by blogging. Bloggers can apply some pay per click program. They can write for some reviews in their blogs and receive payment for their approval reviews. They can build massive affiliate program by selling good and service of certain merchant and getting payment for what they sell. This blog shows reader that the opportunity of making money is widely open. This blog tries to open the reader's mind and show how to do to earn money by blogging. Certain content itself about buying ferrari represents simple example which readers can think and do suitably for their own to make money by blogging.

Good Young Mother It is about a young mother. It has a title of yummy mummy. This blog is representative of her idea of becoming young mother. He pours her thought and opinion on this blog in relating her position of a mother of kid and a wife of a husband. Beside that, she is trying to monetizing itThis blog has fresh physical appearance. She choose green border of her template. She is young therefore she has to have a blog look fresh and energetic. She looks to have strong care to her baby that is why we find her monthly calendar of feeding milk to her baby attaches on the header of the blog.She is not only a good mother for her baby but also a good wife for her husband. She expresses it in her post labeled wedding anniversary. It is a romantic scene. In the last she is monetizing this blog. It must help her husband support financially the family. It is really a reference blog for every young mother and wife.

An Attractive Motherly Blog The title is yummy baby and the Author's nick name Yummy Mummy. It is clear enough to be said that this blog is composed by a mother to her baby. After reading her post I find that the mother and father got the second marriage anniversary. Now they have a very chubby baby. I should say congratulation on their completely fixed nice family.This blog is written in the third person point of view. The third person is the baby itself. It shows that the mother has big effort to take care and do everything for her baby. It is a very motherly tasted blog. I like the way she write on her blog. She writes about her daily care on her baby. He makes record on her baby development. All these materials of taking care about her baby are the main resource in writing contents for her blog. It is a very useful blog especially for any mother and babysitter. Of course, any father will get advantage to read this blog.

A Site from Reog Boy It has been appearing. It calls its self gusblake. It is a site of a boy from Ponorogo. If you have not known Ponorogo yet, it is one of regencies in East Java, Indonesia. Recently, this town has appeared as public issues because Reog Ponorogo, one of its local genius traditional dances got on the stage in Malaysia as its icon. I am not going to talk about this traditional culture. Instead of it, a site which has been built by a young boy with with this local reog spirit has attracted me much.This site is trying to attract to the world. With its physical design, it is simple but easily eyes catcher. Each of the pages is divided into three columns with different size. The left wider column is for main content. The central positioned column is seemingly designed for monetizing and SEO tools. The rest column which takes place in the right side is taken place by archives, content summary and blogging communityThis site concentrates to several topics, namely health, information, tips, trick, thought, personal sharing, technology, refreshing, travel and other topics. The author named Sofyan tries to present these topics seriously but in nice way.

Recommended Software Applications Software application have grown to their density. A lot of softwares have been offered to us. They claim that they are the best product. A buyer is really a king. He/she has so many choices to select which he/she likes most. In one side, this phenomenon present us comparable software products but, in the other hands, it make us complicated to choose.Due to this complex phenomenon of consumer, a review site is necessary. It will be a recommending bridge between consumer and producer. A good reviewer will place hes/her self in the middle arena. He/she will not tend to specially software producer or absolutely consumer. He/she just presents the real description of the product. He/she will observes to find the good and bad side of the product. In the last, he/she will recommends whether the reviewed products deserve to choose or not. That is really helpful for consumer.

Guide to Japanese Pop Culture Cassandra Morgan is a married woman. She has a kid. As other fixed family, she likes pets too. She does not close her self to popular stuff; movie, game, electronical equipments, artist life, progressive music and others. In fact she is a Japanese pop culture its self.She has been building her website, The Geek Within. She has composed her reviews to various topics in side pop culture. She presents them to be known that they are the recent life of Japanese. Music, interest, digital equipments and accessories are found in her subject. She eagerly strengthens her website as another side of medium for communication.She has been familiar with various games. She writes about what she has known. What she writes in her blog is short but effective. It just shows the way, walking through or not is up to the reader. She has a brave heart to show what she has known but she has a willingness to accept any suggestion

When She Writes Finding idea to write is sometime difficult enough. The most common things to be explored is owner's experience. Daily activities, dream, obsession, thought are the value resource to write. Young period is always interesting idea to be exposed. It always brings fresh and new energy. It is always colorful but proud of its existence. Sometime it inspires other even the older.She is productive and flamboyant. She is young and attractive. She writes her life, documents and shares it to others. She likes to be known but she has her own. She is brave to say "it is I am".Reading her site is finding teenager's spirit; colorful, curious, strong, flamboyant and easy going. She deeply involves her self in her writing. I like the way she writes idea in her virtual diary and I enjoy reading it. Why don't you read it? Visit her site! She likes to call her self glam baby!. Then you will find full teenage ways.

Bad Credit Improvement Some of us are fear of a problem with bad credit. What is bad credit? Bad credit is a given term to someone who has a "difficulty" in payment for his loans. Lender considers him failing to pay. This consideration makes credit rating poor. Bad credit phenomenon tends to spreads out among society. Actually bad credit status is not as frightening as it was. With reliable resource and suitable effort, bad credit can be improved.In such situation, BadCreditOffers is helpful. It reveals some trusty sources. It informs some institutions which provide bad credit loans and give the opportunity to make a better rating. It gives a comprehensive analysis of the sites which offer loans and credit card for people with bad credit history. It helps them to take the most suitable loans and credit for themselves.This helpful site will gives a wide knowledge about credit card feature. It shows comparison of credit card offers from trustful lenders with easy and simple application. It also presents source of car and home loans for borrower with bad credit history. Or if the borrower needs a comprehensive source of quick and easy fund, it is available. Besides that, it also provides advice and counseling about credit knowledge before and after applying credit offers.

Online Shopping Software Internet makes great impacts on the way we do something, including running business. Formerly, business had to be physically conducted by face to face. Now days, it has changed. It may be conducted by computer to computer. This way is then what we call electronic commerce, or in short e-commerce.Since internet has spreaded and appeared trustful, many businessmen rely on it. They have ability to run their business in easy way, flexible place and time. They can sell and buy good and service from others in any scale, small or big business.The e-commerce software which merchants and buyer possibly do transactions through internet is shopping cart software. It is designed specially to run online store business. It helps merchants to manage their store through internet; from any where, any time and any internet connection. Commonly shopping cart software is completely supported with web optimization. It has been designed to have top page rank in any search engine tool. Besides that, the facilities such; customer support, security tool, fraud protection, web customization and handful operation will be included in a package of a good shopping cart software.

Choosing Web Hosting Web site appears more important and it simply becomes the second home in virtual world. Surely it is very reasonable to selectively choose web hosting company for building, managing and maintaining the web.There are a lot of hosting companies. They provide several services to convince the customer and try to represent as the best web hosting company. Actually customers will get benefit. Customers will have alternatives to be chosen. Which one is the most suitable for them? There are some aspects which have to be considered before choosing one.Feature looks like to be the most considering aspect. Does the hosting company provide all features which we need? Make a list of them then check whether they are available or not in the package. Compare the volume or quality of the feature. It is reasonable or not.Cheap price will be the favorite one. Everyone will like the cheap price. However it can not be said that it is cheap or expensive if there are not compared products referring to the feature and quality. For example try to compare Hon Monster, Host Gator, Yahoo Host and other host companies.Many things have to be known before choosing one but the included feature and offered price might be the main aspects to be considered.

Beneficial Shopping Cart It is believed that electronic commerce will take its place in the future business. An easy applicable shopping cart software covering all scales of business is necessary. Ashop sopping cart software is providing that necessity. It helps online merchants to run business effectively and catch wider market easily.

What does Ashop shopping cart software cover?• Setting up is easy even non web-experienced merchant can do. It needs no additional software to work. • Inventory tool is complete. It provides product identification, status, discount,• Display appearance is easy and flexible to be changed• Covering all optional ways in payment• Including delivering feature and tax calculation• Optimizing web tool• Presenting sales record• Customer satisfactory oriented

What will online merchants get?o Low costs. Setting up and running business can be by oneself.o Efficient work. Database record everything o Wider market. Internet catches world audienceo Quicker payment. Online transaction is faster than offline

o No day off. Business is not restricted timelyo Better chance to satisfy and catch loyal customer

Ashop Commerce shopping cart software presents internet more beneficial for merchants. It helps to build and operate store in easier way.