Jefferson Takes Office

• When Jefferson becomes president in 1801, his party replaces Federalist programs with his own

Candidates in the Election of 1800

• Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr are the Democratic Republican candidates

• Believe the Alien and Sedition Acts violate Bill of Rights

Aaron Burr

Candidates in the Election of 1800 continued

• John Adams is the Federalist candidate

• Thinks radicals, people with extreme political views will ruin nation

The winners are..

• Burr and Jefferson defeat Adams in presidential election

• Burr, Jefferson receive the same number of electoral votes

Breaking the Tie

• House of Representatives breaks Burr/Jefferson tie

• Federalists control the House of Representatives

• Some Federalists fear Jefferson’s views• Others, like Alexander Hamilton, feel

Burr is unreliable• House elects Jefferson as president

The Talented Jefferson

• Jefferson has many talents• Advises Washington D.C. architects• Skilled violinist, horseman,

scientist, reader• Book collection becomes the core

for the Library of Congress

Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson’s Philosophy

• Jefferson seeks to end many Federalist policies

• Allows Alien and Sedition Acts to end

• Ends many taxes including whiskey tax

• Reduces the number of Federal employees, government debt

Marshall and the Judiciary

• Adams uses Judiciary Act of 1801 to appoint many Federalist judges

• Jefferson is frustrated with Federalist judiciary

• Cannot change judges because they are appointed for life

• Before leaving office, Adams picks Chief Justice of Supreme Court

• Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall in office for over thirty years

• Strengthens the federal courts, presides over Marbury v. Madison, 1803

John Marshal

Marbury v. Madison

• Before leaving office, Adams picks William Marbury as a justice

• New Secretary of State James Madison refuses to install Marbury

• Marbury sues, case goes to Supreme Court

Marbury v. Madison

Courts Ruling

• Court rules that law under which Marbury sues is unconstitutional

• Unconstitutional means to contradict the law of the Constitution

Judicial Review

• Judicial review – Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution

• Helps establish balance between the 3 government branches