JEFFERSON, JAMES MADISON & THE WAR OF 1812

British & French still fighting (remember – they DO NOT GET ALONG! French & Indian War, American Revolution, etc.)Britain banned American voyages between the French West Indies and France

So, the U.S. and France come up with a plan called Reexport Trade

FINISHING UP:JEFFERSON’S FOREIGN POLICY

British needs soldiers – Impressment (stealing/raiding) of U.S. ShipsAmericans angry!

Chesapeake/Leopard Affair (1807)Leopard (British) fires on Chesapeake (American)

Greatly angered Americans

JEFFERSON, CONTINUED

Jefferson, continued

Embargo Act of 1807Jefferson still doesn’t want to go to war

Ends trade with GBIt DID NOT WORK! –led to bankruptcy among American merchants and farmers

Tainted Jefferson’s reputation at the end of his presidency

Jefferson leaves with America on the brink of war

James Madison (from VA) wins in a landslide

Was Jefferson’s Secretary of State

VP = George Clinton

ELECTION OF 1808

Years of presidency: 1809-1817

Imagine you are James Madison, president of the United States in 1809

Read the memoIn small groups (3-4), brainstorm at least 3 ideas for handling the situation with Britain and France. Pick which of these 3 ideas you think would be most effective.Ex. Forming alliances, declaring war, etc.

MEMO TO JAMES MADISON

Dilemma of how to deal with British & French attacks on U.S. ships

Realizes he can no longer maintain Washington’s policy of ISOLATIONSIM

Offered a deal to both France & GB: If their country would stop attacking American ships, America would no longer trade with their enemy British refused France agreed So, America stopped all trade with GB

But… U.S. ships continued to get attacked by both sides

So, Madison goes to war in 1812!

MADISON FACES A DILEMMA

HENRY CLAY (KY), SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE (LEADER OF WAR HAWKS)

ANOTHER WARHAWK:JOHN C. CALHOUN (SC)

THE WAR OF 18121812-1815

August 1814, British troops marched unopposed into DC.

They set fire to the capitol, White House, and many other government buildingsHumiliated DC for weeks

BRITISH INVASION OF WASHINGTON

September 1814, British lay siege to Baltimore

After witnessing the successful defense of the city and Ft. McHenry, Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner

BALTIMORE

TREATY OF GHENT – ENDS THE WAR OF 1812

Hero – Andrew Jackson

Occurred after Treaty was signedWhy was this possible?

Helped legitimize LA Purchase

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANSJANUARY 8, 1815

1. America formally and finally gains independence from England

2. Impressment is ended3. Standing Army and Navy4. Collapse of the Federalist

Party5. Rise of Andrew Jackson as a

national hero6. Era of Good Feelings –

stability in American government

RESULTS OF THE WAR OF 1812