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Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course. Chapter 6 Sections 3 & 4. I Jefferson Wins Presidential Election 1800. Jefferson & Burr (rep) v Adams (fed) Jefferson & Burr tied in electoral votes Hamilton convinces federalists to hand in blank votes to give Jefferson win over Burr - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
Chapter 6 Sections 3 & 4
I Jefferson Wins Presidential Election 1800
• Jefferson & Burr (rep) v Adams (fed)– Jefferson & Burr tied in electoral
votes• Hamilton convinces federalists
to hand in blank votes to give Jefferson win over Burr– Burr becomes VP and is bitter
• Pres. election of 1800 spelled out flaw in Constitution– Congress passes 12th amendment
separates ballots for Pres & VP
A. Peaceful Transfer of Power• Despite bitter feelings, Jefferson took power
w/o incident– Peaceful transition of power shows Amer. could
withstand pol. Change• “every difference of opinion is not difference of
principle”
B. Simplifying the Presidency• Jefferson believed simple
gov’t best for nation– Reduced size of office– Stopped plans to expand the
navy• Rolled back Hamilton’s
economic program & the influence of the Bank of US– Jefferson favored free trade
because raw mat. From America were in short supply in Europe
C. Southern Dominance of Politics• Jefferson 1st pres. in new capital of DC– 2 following president are from VA– Evidence of decline of federalist & northern
influence in pol• Expansion favored rep. because settlers in
new states voted for the reo. Who represented the farmer’s interests
II Federalist’s Loose PowerA. John Marshall & Supreme Ct.
• Fed. Retain power in judiciary branch• Adams passes Judiciary Act of 1801
before he leaves office– Increased # of fed. Judges & fills position
w/ federalists• Midnights judges= judges appointed by
Adams before he leaves office
• John Marshall appointed Chief Justice• Jefferson argues that since
appointments were signed but not delivered by the time Adams left they were invalid
B. Marbury v. Madison• Marbury= 1 of fed. Judges appointed
by Adam– Demanded that Madison (rep. sec. of
state) del. The papers but he refused• Marbury v Madison ruling= marshall
(fed) said Act that forced madison to send papers was unconst.– Victory for rep because fed judhges not
appointed• SC decision affirms strong fed. View
of judicial rev.– Judicial review= ability of SC to declare
act of congress Unconstitutional
Hamilton duels with Burr• Hamilton convinces fed to
back Jefferson rather than Burr– Later he backed Burr’s
opponent for governor of NY
• Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel– Burr shoots and kills
Hamilton who shot in the air
– End Burr’s political career
A. The Louisiana Purchase• Bonaparte intended to use Louisiana as
breadbasket for French west indies• Jefferson sends Monroe to France to buy land
from France• French island of Haiti lost in Haitian slave revolt &
has no longer has need for Loui.• Monroe buys Louisiana for $15 mil.– Jefferson was strict constructionist & struggled with
the purchase– Strict const.= if power was not given by the
constitution then gov’t could not have that power
• Purchase was ratified and nearly doubles the size of the US
B. Lewis & Clark• Meriwether Lewis &
William Clark sent to explore new territory – Documented new
animals & native cultures
• Sacajawea= native American women who served as an interpreter & guide
I War Hawks Demand War• Jefferson’s pop. Rose after Louisiana Purchase– British impose blockade on Napoleons Europe
A. Grievances Against Britain– Gb practicing imprssment• Seizing Amer. ships and forcing them to join the British
Navy– Congress issues ebargo to hurt European powers
and force them to respect Amer. neutrality• Embargo= ban on exporting products to other country
– Embargo does not work
B. Grievances against Native Americans
• War hawks= those from S & W who called for war
• Confed. of nat. Amer. led by Techumseh fought for their land– Nat. Amer. lost at the
battle f Tippecanoe• War Hawks found out
nat. Amer. were using guns supplied by GBfurhter calls for war
II the War brings Mixed Results• Rep. Madison becomes pres.congress approves
war decl.• Battle of ThamesTecumseh diescollapse of
confederacy• British raid & burn towns along Atlantic coast– Burn down white house
• Treaty of Ghent = armistice– Armistice= end to fighting
• Treaty re-opens trade between countries• Rush-Bagot treaty= limit of warships on Great Lakes