Jeff Johansen, Kevin ZackJeff Johansen, Kevin Zack

SRJC Spring 2011SRJC Spring 2011

Physics 43Physics 43

First time it was theorizedFirst time it was theorized

Theodor Hansch and Arthur Schawlow Theodor Hansch and Arthur Schawlow theorized laser cooling at Stanford University theorized laser cooling at Stanford University in 1975.in 1975.11

Theodor Hansch

Arthur Schawlow

First Successful TestFirst Successful Test In 1985 Steven Chu invents laser cooling and receives a Nobel In 1985 Steven Chu invents laser cooling and receives a Nobel

Prize in 1997.Prize in 1997.22

Prof. Dr. William Daniel Phillips (USA) and Claude Cohen-Prof. Dr. William Daniel Phillips (USA) and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (France) shared the Nobel prize with Steven Chu.Tannoudji (France) shared the Nobel prize with Steven Chu.22

Steven ChuSteven Chu Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. William Daniel William Daniel

PhillipsPhillips

Claude Cohen-Claude Cohen-TannoudjiTannoudji

Theoretical Theoretical

Atomic ResonanceAtomic Resonance Doppler Shift – Atom only “sees” the blue Doppler Shift – Atom only “sees” the blue

shift shift ΔΔm-1 transitionm-1 transition Zeeman EffectZeeman Effect PolarizationPolarization Magneto Optical TrapMagneto Optical Trap

OpticsOptics

Optical Isolator Dielectric coated

mirrors Beam Splitter

¼ λ PlateTwo lens telescope

Set UpSet Up

Kelvin [5]Kelvin [5]

Lasers Lasers

Trapping laserTrapping laserDiode LaserDiode LaserIts power requirements are proportional to the Its power requirements are proportional to the

amount of atoms trapped, around 5mWamount of atoms trapped, around 5mW Hyperfine pumping laserHyperfine pumping laser

Diode LaserDiode LaserOnly needs to be a few milli-wattsOnly needs to be a few milli-wattsλλ based on the type of atom trapped based on the type of atom trapped

EquipmentEquipment

Tunable LaserAnti-Helmholtz Coil

Zeeman Slower

Murray, Andrew [3]Murray, Andrew [3]

The Cooling ProcessThe Cooling Process

What types of atoms are used?What types of atoms are used?

Rb (Rubidium ) atom has an atomic resonance Rb (Rubidium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 780 nm.of 780 nm.

Cs (Cesium ) atom has an atomic resonance of Cs (Cesium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 852nm.852nm.

Na (sodium ) atom has an atomic resonance of Na (sodium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 589 nm.589 nm.

Srinivasan [6]Srinivasan [6]

Works CitedWorks Cited [1] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr 2011 [1] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr 2011

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/index.htmlhttp://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/index.html [2] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr 2011 [2] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr 2011

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2001/index.htmlhttp://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2001/index.html [3] Murray, Andrew. "The Atom Optics Experiment at Manchester." [3] Murray, Andrew. "The Atom Optics Experiment at Manchester." Atom Cooling Atom Cooling

and Trapping Experiments at Manchesterand Trapping Experiments at Manchester. 12 Jan. 2007. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. . 12 Jan. 2007. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <http://es1.ph.man.ac.uk/AJM2/Atomtrapping/Atomtrapping.htm>. <http://es1.ph.man.ac.uk/AJM2/Atomtrapping/Atomtrapping.htm>.

[4] Ketterle, Wolfgang. "Ultralow Temperatures." 1 Jan. 2004. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. [4] Ketterle, Wolfgang. "Ultralow Temperatures." 1 Jan. 2004. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <http://cua.mit.edu/ketterle_group/popular_papers/ultralow_temperatures.htm>. <http://cua.mit.edu/ketterle_group/popular_papers/ultralow_temperatures.htm>.

[5] Wagner, Kelvin. "Laser Cooling and Trapping." [5] Wagner, Kelvin. "Laser Cooling and Trapping." Http://optics.colorado.edu/~kelvin/classes/opticslab/LaserCooling3.doc.pdfHttp://optics.colorado.edu/~kelvin/classes/opticslab/LaserCooling3.doc.pdf . Web. . Web. 15 Apr. 2011. 15 Apr. 2011.

[6] Srinivasan, R. "Laser Cooling and Trapping of Ions and Atoms." [6] Srinivasan, R. "Laser Cooling and Trapping of Ions and Atoms." National National University of SingaporeUniversity of Singapore. Web. 19 Apr. 2011. . Web. 19 Apr. 2011. <http://sps.nus.edu.sg/~tangingw/Rubidium.pdf>. <http://sps.nus.edu.sg/~tangingw/Rubidium.pdf>.