A TECHNICAL REPORT

ONSTUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)UNDERTAKEN AT

BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES LIMITED

abam, okrika, Rivers state.

BY

ALONGE JEPHTHAH OLADELEMNE/09/7040

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERINGSCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN MINING

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MARCH, 2014

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this report clearly written by ALONGE JEPHTHAH OLADELE

with matriculation number MNE/09/7040, a student of the DEPARTMENT OF

MINING ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE is

based on the knowledge and skills acquired during my six-month SIWES

attachment at BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES, Abam,Okrika,Rivers state.

.......................................................

ALONGE JEPHTHAH OLADELE

STUDENT

.......................................................

HOD, MINING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

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DEDICATION

This is dedicated to the almighty God, the Lords of Lords, for seeing me

through six great months and also, specially to my family, friends and well

wishers for making it possible for me to pull through. May almighty God bless

you all.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My sincere gratitude goes to the staff and management of the FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE especially the MINING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.

I also wish to acknowledge the staff and management of Burnsville Integrated

Services for their support throughout my attachment with them. I want to thank in a

special way, Engr Dikeh Coker who was the site manager and my supervisor. May

God continue to manifest his glory in your live.

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ABSTRACT

This report clearly presents the industrial work experience of ALONGE JEPHTHAH

OLADELE with matriculation number MNE/09/7040 during his internship

attachment at BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES, located at ABAM IN OKRIKA,

Rivers State.

The report focuses on the filling/reclaiming of swamp and creeks which are

originally filled and occupied by water.

The first chapter introduces the company of attachment BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED

SERVICES .

Subsequent chapters involve the different phases of the dredging activities;

The sand field

This consist of the area of the swamp or creek which is been filled with sand.

We have different personnels and machines which are found on the sand

field.

The dredger

This consists of the heavy duty machine which dredges the sand from the

river to the upland/sand field.

The topics discussed therein are subjects in which the student possesses a wide

knowledge-base about and is equipped with hard-edged skills to implement if called

upon.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

Certification…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2

Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………......................4

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

Table of Content…………………………………………………………………………………………………….6

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….8

1.0.1 Objectives of SIWES…………………………………………………………………………..8

1.1 LESSONS LEARNED…………………………………………………………………………..…9

1.2 BURNSVILLE’S ORGANISATIONAL CHART………………………………………….10

1.3 PICTURS OF SITE UNDER WORK ……………………………………………………….11

CHAPTER TWO: The Sand Field…………………………………………………………………….………13

2.1 MACHINES AND MATERIALS FOUND ON THE SAND FIELD..........…..….13

2.2 WORK DONE ON THE SAND FIELD.......................................................19

2.3 PERSONNELS ON THE SAND FIELD.......................................................20

2.4 BASIC TOOLS USED ON THE SAND FIELD …………………………………………22

CHAPTER THREE: The Dredger ......………………………………………………………………......23

3.1 COMPONENTS OF A DREDGER? ..........................................................26

3.2 MAJOR MAINTAINANCE OF THE DREDGER……………………………………….33

3.3 HOW A DREDGER OPERATES ..................………………………………………...33

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3.4 PERSONNELS ON THE DREDGER..........................................................33

3.5 BASIC TOOLS USED ON THE SAND FIELD…………………………………………..34

CHAPTER FOUR: HAZARDS AND PRECUATIONS…………………………………………………35

4.0 HAZARDS ON THE SAND FIELD……………………………………………….……..…35

4.1 PRECUATIONS FOR HAZARDS ON THE SAND FIELD……………..……………35

4.2 HAZARD ON THE DREDGER ……………………………………….…………………….37

4.3 PRECAUTIONS FOR HAZARDS ON THE DREDGER………...……………………36

CHAPTER FIVE: Conclusion and Recommendations ……………………………………….37

5.0 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………37

5.1 RECOMMENDATION…………………………………………………………………………39

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………39

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in 1973

by the Federal Government to enable undergraduates in various Nigerian

Universities to acquire relevant practical and industrial experience in their various

fields of study. This curriculum more-so brings to bear the various lessons taught at

the stages of the students’ educational upbringing in their various field of vocation.

The programme has the potential to equip students with hard-edged skills that are

relevant to the successful advancement of their career and to uphold the student’s

ethical standard by nurturing good work ethics, quality character and sound moral

behaviour.

1.0.1 Objectives of SIWES

The objectives of SIWES among others includes:-

1 Providing an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire

industrial skills and experience in their approved courses of study;

2 Preparing students for the industrial work situations which they are likely to

meet after graduation.

3 Exposing students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment

and machinery not available in their institutions.

4 Providing students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real

work situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.

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5 Enlisting and strengthening employers’ involvement in the entire

educational process and prepare students for employment in Industry and

Commerce.

I had my industrial work experience scheme at BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES

1.1 LESSONS LEARNED

1. I learnt how to couple pipes properly.

2. I also learned how to position the shower mouth on site.

3. I learned how to fix a greese pack in the dredger.

4. I learnt how to greese the winches of the dredger to enable proper

functioning of the winches and reduce rust.

5. I learnt about time management with which we worked in tune with the

work schedule prepared by the contractor

6. I learnt to recognise and use different sizes of spanners aproprately for

better functioning

7. I was aIso introduced to the use and functions of a swamp buggy.

8. I learnt about anchoring which the dredger uses to move both left and

right

9. I was also expose to the use and functions of a bulldozer

10. I learnt how to fix floater/boil to the pipes in the water to enable it to

float for better movement of the dredger or to float the pipe for its

tranportation to another location/site.

11. I was also exposed to proper bolting and nutting which we use for joining

or cutting of pipes when needed.

12. I learnt to use a pumping machine.

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1.2 BURNSVILLE’S ORGANISATIONAL CHART

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GENERAL MANAGER

SITEMANAGER

ENGINEERS

TECHNICIANS

DECK HAND GREESER

LABOURERS

SAND FIELD MASTER

CONSULTANTS

FINANCIAL SECRETARY

GENERAL SECRETARY

1.3 SWAMP TO BE RECLAIMED

The site which the dredging work is to be done is located in ABAM in Okrika. Its a

swampy region along side with a creek. The creek was cleared and

leveled,afterwards bound walls were made before pumping of sand

commensed.

1.4 PICTURES OF THE SITE

PLATE 1 WATER SIDE

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PLATE 2 SAND FIELD

PLATE 3 SIDE VIEW OF THE SITE

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CHAPTER TWO

THE SAND FIELD

This chapter gives details on the activities which are carried out on the sand

field, alongside the machineries and the personnels who ensures the proper

running of the sand field. Sand field is the region of the swamp/creek under

filling or reclaiming. This particular dredging activity took place at OBA in

Okrika. We will be taking a look at the various machines and materials which

are found on the sand field and work done on the sand field. Further

explainations and outlining of the machines and identification of the

personnels found on the sanmd field are as follows;

2.1 MACHINES AND MATERIALS FOUND ON THE SAND FIELD

When building a new home, it is vital that you get the foundations right or you

might find your home moving, cracking, or even sinking over time. One option

for your foundation is raft foundation construction. Here’s what you need to

know.

THE PIPESPipes are the major equipments used on the sand field. They are connected directly from the dredger down to the sand field. They convey the materials which are pumped from the dredger to the sand feild. There are various sizes of pipes depending on the size of the dredger. They are made from very thick heavy rubbers. They have alloy flanch at both edges with holes that allows tightening to other pipes with bolts and nuts.

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Picture of a Pipe

PLATE 4 FLOATING LINE

The Excavator

Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, stick,

bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the house). The house sits

atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. A cable-operated excavator uses

winches and steel ropes to accomplish the movement. They are a natural

progression from thestaem shovels often called power shovels. All movement

and functions of a hydraulic motors. Due to the linear actuation of hydraulic

cylinder , their mode of operation is foundamentally different from cable-

operated excavators.

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On the sand field the excavators are use to rise the shower mouth, adjusting of

the pipes, lifting of the pipes to enable the sand field master to couple the

pipes.

PHOTOS OF EXCAVATORS

PLATE 5 EXCAVATOR ON WATER SIDE

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PLATE 6 THE EXCAVATOR LIFTING SHOWER MOUTH

PLATE 7 EXCAVATOR ADJUSTING PIPES

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The Swamp Buggy

The swamp buggy is a vehicle used to tranverse boggy terrain. Swamp buggies

may be purpose built or vehicle modifield to deal with the they requirements

to move around the swamp. All swamp boggies are able to move about on dry

land , shallow mud, and shallow water. Additionally they possess one or more

abilities which includes ;

Propel itself through or deep mud and water

Drive through or over moderate dense vegetation

Float in water or mud.

The swamp buggy is used on the site to create bond walls, lift pipes in muddy areas

and very soft land that the excavators cant work on.

PICTURES OF SWAMP BUGGY

PLATE 8 SWAMP BUGGY ON WATER SIDE

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PLATE 9 SWAPMBUGGY IN THE RIVER

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2.2 WORK DONE ON THE SAND FIELD

The works done on the sand field include the coupling and cutting of pipes,

repositioning of the shower mouth, building of bound walls, leveling of

pumped sand.

PICTURE OF EXCAVATOR REPOSITIONING OF THE SHOWER MOUTH

PLATE 10 EXCAVATOR REPOSITIONING OF THE SHOWER MOUTH

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PLATE 11

PERSONNELS AND FUNTIONS OF PERSONNELS ON THE SAND FIELD

The workers who found on the sand field includes;

1) SAND FIELD MASTER: The sand field master takes the major

responsibilties of the operations on the sand field. They handle the

cutting and joining of the pipes. They also keep in touch with with the

workers on the dredger to inform them when they need to start and

when to stop pumping operations. They take instructions directly from

the site manager.

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2) THE EXCAVATOR OPERATOR: The excavator operator is the one who

operates the excavator machine. They help the sand field master in

lifting the pipe when there is a need for cutting and coupling of pipes.

They also directs the flow of the pumped subtances with the use of the

excavator boom to create little bound walls to direct the flow of the

pumped subtances.

3) THE BULLDOZER OPERATOR: a bulldozer is a crawler (continious tracked

tractor) equipped with a subtantial metal plate (known as a blade) used

to push large quantities of soil, sand , rubbie , or other such material

during construction or conversion work and typically equipped at the

rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely

compacted materials.

Bulldozer canbulldozers can be found on a wide rangeof sites.

Minesand quarries , military base , heavy industry factories, engineering

project and farms.

The term “bulldozer” is often used erroneously to mean any heavy

equipment (sometimes a loader and sometimes an excavator) , but

precisely, the term refers only to a tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a

dozer blade.

A bulldozer is used in the site for leveling of pumped sand on sand

field , it can also be used for coupling of pipes on the sand field in

suituations where the excavator is faulty.

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PICTURE OF BULLDOZER

PLATE 12 EXCAVATOR

2.4 Basic tools used on the sand field

1) spinals (ranging from 50mm, 48mm, 46mm)

2) adjustable spinals (screw gauge).

3) wire brush.

4) oil and greese.

5) bolts and nuts.

6) washers.

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CHAPTER THREE

THE DREDGER

Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least

partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of

gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location.

This technique is often used to keep waterways navigable.

It is also used as a way to replenish sand on some public beaches, where sand

has been lost because of coastal erosion. Dredging is also used as a technique

for fishing for certain species of edible clams and crabs, see fishing dredge.

A dredger (or “dredge” as is the general usage in the Americas) is any device,

machine, or vessel that is used to excavate and remove material from the

bottom of a body of water. For example, a scoop attached to the end of a rope

or pole by which a man can draw sediments up from the bottom of a pond is a

dredger. Developing this idea further, a motorized crane equipped with a drag

bucket or clamshell (grabber) that is used to scoop material from the bottom

of a body of water is also a dredger. The crane could be located on the bank, or

perhaps mounted on a barge. If the crane is mounted on a barge, the entire

vessel is referred to as a dredger.

The process of dredging creates spoils (excess material), which are carried

away from the dredged area. Dredging can produce materials for land

reclamation or other purposes (usually construction-related), and has also

historically played a significant role in gold mining. Dredging can create

disturbance in aquatic ecosystems, often with adverse impacts.

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PICTURES OF A DREDGER

PLATE 13 SIDE VIEW OF A DREDGER

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PLATE 14 FRONT OF A DREDGER (CUTTER)

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PLATE 15 DECK OF A DREDGER

PLATE 16 TOP OF THE ENGINE ROOM

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2.1 COMPONENTS OF A DREDGER

The dredger is made up off different components/parts. Dredge Yard cutter

suction dredgers are engineered for multi-purpose duties to meet the

requirements of the customers in different dredging and mining environment.

Dredgers delivered by Dredge Yard are used in creating and maintaining of

harbor, berth and waterway, deepening existing facilities, beach nourishment

and mining operations.

Dredge Yard Standard cutter suction dredgers range from CSD 350 up to CSD

650 and include variety of options like production meter, spud carrier,

submersible dredge pump, mono hull or dismountable pontoons.

The dredgers are design to work in dredging and mining areas for dredging of

Soft sand, Medium sand, Coarse sand, Mud, Gravel, Compacted sand, different

type of slurry and rocks and debris.

1) THE SUCTION MOUTH The dredge suction mouth is a Cutter Suction

Dredger component positioned behind the cutter head of a CSD during

extraction of non-cohesive material from the sea bottom. The dredge

suction mouth is made of one cast piece. Its flange is cast together with

the body of the dredge suction mouth By using only one cast piece

eliminates many operations, such as machining, forging, welding and

allows the most intricate shapes, both external and internal that can be

obtained to follow the shape of the flow. The dredge suction mouth is

produced from Carbon Steel that allows easy welding and hard facing.

The other material, Carbon manganese steel increases the depth of

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hardening and improving strength and toughness. The Alloy steel is used

to obtain higher performance in wear resistance.

PLATE 17 SIDE OF THE CUTTER

PLATE 18 CLOSE VIEW OF THE CUTTER

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PLATE 19 FULL LENGTH OF THE CUTTER

2) THE SPUD PILLARS : The spud pillars usually two long metallic pillars

found are the back side of a dredger. The are use for maintaining the

position of a dredger. When the water level rises,the spud pillars are

pinned to the ground so that its won’t be floating around. They are

controlled from the cabin of the dredger .

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PLATE 20 SIDE VIEW OF SPUD PILLAR

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PLATE 21 FRONT VIEW OF THE SPUD PILLAR

3) THE CRANE/HOIST : The hoist in a dredger are used for lifting materials

from the boat to the deck of the dredger or for ifting materials on the

dredger.

PLATE 22 CRANE

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PLATE 23 SIDE VIEW OF THE CRANE/HOIST

4) THE CABIN: The cabin is the little housing unit which is on the deck of the

dredger. The cabin is where the dredger master stays to carry out the

dredging activities. The controlling of the dredger takes place in the

cabin.

PLATE 24 CABIN OF THE DREDGER

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5) The lader meter: The lader meter is found infront of the cabin, its used

to monitor the depth of the lader in the water. It is calibrated in inches

and meters.

PLATE 25

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3.2 How a dredger funtions/operate

A dredger is like a pumping machine. It has two major engines (main and

auxilliary engine). You start your auxilliary engine first before putting on the

main engine. When the auxilliary engine is on, major parts of the dredger are

already active but can’t start pumping/dredging. After putting on the main

engines,you lower the ladder into the water then on the cutter. You will have

to cluch in the main engine(engaging the gear box).

When the cutter starts rotating, materials starts moving through the ladder to

the suction pipe, which then passes it to the impeller which is inside the pump,

the impeller grinds the sand/mud to smaller sizes. When the material leaves

the impeller, the sand heads out to the pipes which lead to the sand field.

3.3 Major maintenance on a dredger.

1) Servicing of the engines (changing of the oil).

2) Greasing if the whines.

3) sweeping and washing of the decks.

3.4 Personnels on a dredger

1) The dredge master

2) Engineers

3) Greasers

4) Deck-hands

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5) Speed boat drivers.

3.5 Basic tools used on the dredger

1) Spinals.

2) Sledge hammer and short hammer.

3) Marine ropes.

4) String wire.

5) Saw blade.

6) Iron bar.

7) Various sizes of screw driver.

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CHAPTER FOUR

HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS

4.0 Hazard on the sand field

Hand injuries when fixing bolt and nuts.

Injuries when sharp object pierce your feet, when in the mud.

Injuries during the use of saw blade

Spanners dropping on your feet.

Excavator pushing the pipes over your leg

Shower mouth/pipes falling over an individual.

4.1 Precautions for hazards on the sand field

Wearing of safety boots to avoid burnt feet.

Wearing of hand gloves to reduces hand cuts.

Been more careful when using the saw blade to avoid injuries.

Avoid keeping spanners on the pipes to prevent it from falling on your

feet.

Move away from the excavator and the pipes when the excavator is

moving the pipes.

Do not close to the shower mouth when the dredger is pumping.

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4.2 Hazard on the dredger

Burnt feet due to hot deck.

Equipment dropping on your feet.

Fall due to slippery deck.

Falling off the deck.

Load dropping on an individual during transfer of goods from the boat to

the deck of the dredger with the help of the hoist.

Burnt or body scratch when working in the engine room.

4.3 Precautions for hazards on the dredger

Wearing of safety boots to avoid burnt feet.

Avoid keeping equipment at heights to prevent accidental fall. Avoid slippery floors, don’t allow fluids like grease or oil to remain on

the deck, wash and sweep them off the deck.

Avoid going to the extreme edge of the dredger to avoid falling off.

Do not stand under a suspended load, to avoid accident in case the

suspended load drops accidentally.

Wearing of right PPE (proper protective equipment).

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CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 CONCLUSION

The SIWES programme has indeed been a worthwhile learning experience for

me and a large extent, the SIWES programme has been immensely successful

in meeting its core objectives. This industrial training program has been a

source of great exposure to activities that take place in the real world. It gave

me a big opportunity to have an enormous deal of practical experience as

regards my field of study and has also helped me to see the relevance of the

theoretical concepts we were taught in classroom. Through this training, I have

gotten good knowledge of construction and project supervision, project

implementation and manageiment in general. My Industrial training with

Burnsville has provided me with the basic skills necessary to forge ahead in my

career after graduation and has also reinforced my desire to work with a

reputable company that will task my productivity and where my skill will be

highly priced.

In conclusion, my internship with Burnsville is the best thing to have happened

to me so far in my pursuit for advancement in my career as a professional

engineer. Therefore, Experience, more than anything else should be

paramount in the student’s choice of placement for SIWES.

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5.1 RECOMMENDATION

Having successfully completed my SIWES programme, the following are my

recommendations towards the betterment of the programme:

1) The University should find ways of helping the students to secure

internship in suitable organizations where their knowledge-base as

regards their field of study will be enhanced.

2) The University should also give out the IT letters to students earlier so

as to afford the students enough time to source and secure IT

placement.

3) The University should have a stable academic calendar so that the

period of IT would not be unduly elongated or shorten.

4) Students should always apply to firms/ industries earlier before it

becomes late to get a placement.

5) The University and ITF officials should be more active in the visit to

the students’ place of internship. This would ensure that the students

acquire the expected knowledge other than being used for deviating

purposes.

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REFERENCES

National Institute Of oceanography

MTI Dredging consultants

www.wikipedia.org Bray, Richard Nicholas.2008, Environmental Aspect of

dredging.

Symons Dredgebrokers.1990, “Manual for dredging”.

http://www.Dredge brokers.com/dredge/manual/.html

http://www.ritchiewiki.com/wiki/index.php/dredging.

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/dredging

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