Jeff Buckley: ‘Grace’

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Born 1966 in CALIFORNIA- both parents were musical.His father TIM BUCKLEY was known as a cult singer songwriter but

died early of a drugs overdose. JEFF only met his FATHER briefly and resented being compared to

him, though he did resemble him both physically and musically!His big break came when he sang at his dad’s tribute concert in

1991.He had an amazing range as a singer and often sang in FALSETTO.He was influenced by all sorts of music: CLASSICAL, FOLK, HARD

ROCK, INDIAN, etc.He found fame and the pressure of the music industry difficult to

cope with.His personality could change dramatically, as could his moods.

BIOGRAPHY

‘GRACE’ - the album (1994)

• Not an immediate hit - contains a variety of tracks including a version of a classical piece by BENJAMIN BRITTEN.

• Became a hit gradually.• Jeff did not work quickly and really took his time

perfecting tracks.• Style: Alternative Rock.

He drowned in a river in Memphis (NOT through drugs or alcohol) – he simply

swam at night in a dangerous part

More complex than average rock performer.Very talented guitarist and singer.He was influenced by wide range of musical styles.Only completed one album GRACE but this is recognised as a great piece of popular music.

SO WHY IS HE IMPORTANT?

Drum kitBass guitarGuitarAcoustic guitarVocals (including b-vox)Strings (minimal contribution)

INSTRUMENTATION

‘Grace’ is a rock ballad. Ballads are slow love songs.

The lyrics are unusual. Read them! They almost anticipate Buckley’s own death.

‘GRACE’ – THE SONG

Buckley’s style is said to be ‘ECLECTIC’ - this means it covers a wide range of styles.

Remember his background and his father’s influence.Unique vocal style –FALSETTO, howling and gentle melody.Production is very important in popular music and Jeff

Buckley wanted to recruit a special kind of producer for the album ‘Grace’.

Andy Wallace was the producer.He mixed/produced ‘Nevermind’ by Nirvana.He took Jeff Buckley’s qualities and magnified them through

his talented use of production techniques.He & Jeff Buckley added vocal and guitar OVERDUBS

afterwards.Buckley was a perfectionist and it took many takes to capture

the sound he wanted (unlike Miles Davis!!!).

STYLE & PRODUCTION

Pull offsWhispersSlidesStrummingPower chordsFlangerDelayReverbEQ telephone effect (EQ = equalisation is

where a producer can cut/boost treble, middle and bass frequencies)

GUITAR TECHNIQUES & FX

4 large sections:1) Intro-Verse 1-Pre-chorus-Chorus2) Link-Verse 2-Pre-chorus-Chorus3) Middle 84) Link-Verse 3-Outro/Coda

The link is the same as the intro and has 2 distinct parts (A & B).

The middle 8 also has two sections (A & B).

STRUCTURE

Power chords (common guitar technique consisting of root note and 5th played together with no 3rd/middle note).

The VERSE & CHORUS consist of 3 chords that are basically the same shape moved up the fret board (Em/F, Em and Em/Eb).

Chromatic harmony is used in the verse, as some chords contain notes that are outside the key of E minor.

Drop-D tuning is used.Tonality is basically mostly based around E. Intro

= part A is unclear, part B is D major; Verse = E modal; Pre-chorus = E minor; Chorus = E modal. The E dorian mode is used.

HARMONY & TONALITY

12/8 time signature (metre).64 dotted crotchet beats per minute (bpm).

METRE & TEMPO

Notice that there are several examples of melisma in the vocal melody (several notes per syllable).

The chorus is built on a descending, repetitive motif followed by a melisma (‘wait in the fire’).

Buckley also introduces vocalisations in different places. Can you identify an example in the score/recording?

There are several examples of word painting in this song. This is when the music mirrors what is in the lyrics at the time. Where are they (‘my fading voice’; ‘love’; ‘clicking of time’)?

MELODY