Republic of Korea (South Korea)Policy Packet

ChadwickPols 315

Spring 2006Ti: Scott Yim

Table of Contents

1. CEO Russo, Jeanin Pg. 2-5

2. CMO Catt, Steven Pg. 6-11

3. CFO Lai, Sandy Pg. 12-22

4. CIO Vega, Rhea-Liza Pg. 23-27

5. CTO Jaramillo, Aaron Pg. 28-34

6. CSO Duque, Ivan Pg. 35-40

7. NGO Augustin, Jaci Pg. 41-43

1

Jeannin-Melissa K. Russo

ChadwickPOLS 315

Spring 2006

Essay 1

South Korea intends to direct its policies towards promoting and assuring the

people’s health, wealth, education and skills, referred to by Laswell as “welfare values.”

These values would guarantee a steady and growing economy that can be sustained and

developed by the South Korean people themselves. The guarantee of these values gives

the individuals the necessary physiological needs that Maslow places at the base of his

pyramid. The current president of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, is assuring those values

by focusing his domestic policy on the creation of more jobs in order to increase the

middle class. He plans on achieving so by helping small businesses grow, by creating

more special service jobs, by decreasing the cost of private schools and by protecting

low-income families and underprivileged individuals; as cited by

http://en-1.ce.cn/World/Asia-Pacific/200601/19/t20060119_5882864.shtml.

South Korea is currently in a politically difficult region, due to its neighbors and

its relations with the United States. It is neighboring North Korea, and is very close to

China and Japan. The relations with North Korea have been improving and both nations

have been trying to collaborate towards a greater friendship and alliance. According to

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_korea#Government_and_Politics, Roh Moo-hyun is

currently leading the country by favoring the “Sunshine Policy” of constructive

engagement with North Korea. The “Sunshine Policy” consists of three basic principles:

1. South Korea will not tolerate any armed instigations from North Korea. 2. It will not

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hurt or occupy North Korea. 3. It will actively push reconciliation and cooperation

between the two nations in order to maintain peace and stability within the Korean

peninsula. This policy is strongly being implemented by Roh and is an important point

within the decision making, despite the United State’s disapproval. The “Sunshine

Policy” and the strong military presence of the United States within the nations

guarantees the necessary security, or safety as declared by Maslow, that is needed for

South Korea’s continued development. The presence of a stable security allows for the

advance of social justice, which if implemented correctly will bring political stability.

Political stability is fundamental, according to Easton, to allow for the policy makers to

make decisions that will satisfy both the demands and supports of the people. Without a

stable sense of security the South Korean government would not be capable of engaging

in economic interactions with other nations.

The next step on Maslow’s pyramid is “belongingness,” which if applied to South

Korea could symbolize entering global trade. Current governments in South Korea have

discouraged opening the country’s trade due to the repercussions it will have on the local

farmers. However, as the graph below shows, South Korea, despite the numerous

incentives in the increase in technology exports, it has not reached nor fulfilled its

potential. By entering free trade, the countries GDP would increase dramatically and

South Korea would be able to compete and trade with different countries diminishing its

dependency upon its major exporters, USA and Japan.

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According to the GDA model, the current situation of South Korea is not as

thriving as it could be. The potential that this country has, from the economic and

political stance; it is not being entirely used. The goals that we wish to achieve are the

opening of trade and the increase and diversification of export alliances with other

countries other than the current ones. The reinforcement and creation of new relations

with the Soviet Union is being taken into consideration. However, the position of the

United States must also be measured. The stress that this may cause could pose an

obstacle in obtaining the determined goals causing a drift and frustration to the country’s

leaders.

The graph entitled “Power of Sates Over One Percent Power” shows the increase

of South Korea’s power throughout the represented years. However, the increase in

power is not of a great amount, leaving the line almost in a vertical position. The increase

of South Korea’s GDP and the diversification of its trade and export countries will not

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only increase the economy of the country, but also its power. Laswell describes power as

the capability to influence someone based on their fear. South Korea, cannot structure its

power based on fear; however it can use its advanced technologies and skilled people to

increase its power through its economy.

As the CEO of South Korea I intend to work closely with my group and other

countries to achieve a greater diversity in economic exports and partners. We also intend

to maintain the current position of the “Sunshine Policy” and further extended it by

creating additional communications among the two countries.

5

Steven CattChadwickPOLS 315

Spring 2006

Essay 1

As Chief Military Officer of the Republic of Korea, my main priority is the

preservation of the Republic, and the defense of its leaders and citizens. Obviously our

main concern is North Korea. In the conventional sense we can win both a short and

protracted war if we are the only states involved, and most importantly that the conflict

does not go nuclear. Because of the Cold War, each side has been forced to seek out a

powerful ally; China for the North and the United States for the South. While this has led

to a virtual stalemate because of the potential of nuclear deployment, one cannot take the

status quo as gospel, therefore must predict scenarios that do not involve the outside

superpowers, but take their opinions into consideration.

The graph included shows the enormous gap between the Power Capabilities of

each state, but one can also see that the gap is already beginning to close rapidly. In the

ever quickening pace of history, the United States may not have as long a time as it thinks

its does to build the Empire it wishes.

Our alliance with the United States has helped us tremendously in the past,

especially during the cold war. Since there is longer a massive threat of invasion by

Russia into the Far East, the large presence of US troops in our nation, and the region, has

become an issue of concern. The people of the republic of Korea feel that as a

democracy, their policies should be dictated by the feelings of its citizens. Our military

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hardware exists entirely because of military supply from the United States, but this comes

at a cost to our foreign policy, especially with our neighbors.

The second graph shows the Globalization of the most powerful countries in the

world. Globalizing is important to South Korea, as long as we are not a victim of the

process. The current trend of wealth polarization is sending the world into an age of

fierce competition for that which is not yet claimed by someone strong enough to defend

it. As money is concentrated more in the hands of the elite of the population, so goes the

riches of the world to the small number of highly armed nations we see so aggressively

pushing this “Globalization.” One can now even buy property on Mars.

Using the Global Model for Strategic modeling we can analyze our goals and the

tasks important in achieving them. We stand now, a country whose biggest threat is its

closest neighbor. Being on the bottom half of an isthmus is not the ideal place for a

military leader to defend. I would like to set the goal towards a less dependent nation,

security wise. Many people in both North and South Korea wish to re-unite. This is a

much less expensive option of dealing with North Korea, and one I would support. In the

meantime, I would like to pursue obtaining Nuclear weapons. This will have to happen

with help from the United States or else we are under threat of invasion. This goal

clashes with that of becoming less dependent on the US, unless there is regime change in

North Korea; something the US is working on. In reality we will probably drift closer to

the US as we strenghthen our defenses. I predict of new Space Race in the near future

between the US and China. Space should be explored and studied and debated, before it

is mined and ravaged by the Capitalists. But in the event that this race involves the

militarization of Space, as long as China remains North Korea’s main ally, we must

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remained committed to our goals and thus stay allied with the US. We have a lot of

technology to offer in return for military upgrades and security.

Our nation’s technology industry produces some of the best cutting edge products

in the world and we can use this to our advantage. We can Globalize using technology in

two major ways; by increasing technology exports to the entire world, and focusing

funding to Military research and development programs so that we are less reliant on the

United States. Our electronic intelligence comes mainly from US satellites. (CIA World

Factbook) I would like my government to enable me to focus on giving our military

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and satellites that can travel over North Korea and China and

collect information vital to our defense.

Using Lasswell’s “deference values,” one can easily interpret our defense

policies. We want the Power to control out own country and make our own policies

without the intervention of outsiders. This cannot occur in contemporary international

politics without making alliances, and therefore taking into account another nations

perspective on certain issues. This ties right in with respect; South Korea is a proud

country who is not afraid to fight for its people, unless we are scared off by those with

Nukes. Our morality tells us to be careful with our mortality, and to keep alive as long as

possible. Like a person, nations get scared when their existence is challenged. Israel’s

defense of its newly founded nation is a prime example. A more rectiable example is that

of the Tamil people of northern Sri Lanka. Only after years of peacefully attempting to

gain their rights from the Sinhalese, were they forced to adopt guerilla warfare as a way

to get their freedom. Affection is a powerful value and identity is something to feel very

passionate about. We as Koreans want to control as most of our lives as we can to the

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point that we can still be Koreans. While conducting business in both the civilian and

military sectors with the US, we do not want a collapse of the US to be a fatal blow to our

nation. This leads us to the conclusion that we must adopt a calm wait and see policy

with the two main superpowers. Any drastic move on our part to gain a strategic upper

hand will be met with outside interference. Seeing as China is gaining power on the US,

the possibility of establishing more trade between our countries cannot be ruled out.

As the world enters a new geo-political age, one dominated by the power of the

United States, we as a proud country cannot forget who we owe our success to, and how

far we are willing to go to honor this respect. The question becomes; when is enough?

Our nation is one of few that lead the world in the electronics industry. This directly

affects our ability to produce our own weapons for the future, and depend less on those of

foreign “protectors.” Many countries in our region, as do we, have security agreements

with the United States, but we do not have similar agreements with each other. I am in

strong support of a something resembling an East Asian Security Cooperative

Agreement.

Countries such as Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia and even Russia would all

seriously consider entering such a pact. The future will be dominated by technology,

something our nation is economically strong in. It is also possible to use this technology

to enable our country to not only become militarily dependent, but also a player in the

future arms market. As a major player in world politics, we as a nation must not feel too

tied to the past, and must envision what we can do in the future. Many military options

are available and must be considered.

9

10

Table of Sources-www.ifs.du.edu

- http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/

-www.zmag.org

-Collins-Longman Atlas for Secondary Schools

- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/

- http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/wm427.cfm

11

Sandy Lai

Chadwick

POLS 315Spring 2006

Essay 1

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The Trust People Percent graph shows the percent of people who say that they

trust people. The Freedom graph shows the civil and political freedom level on a scale of

2 to 14 (year is year-nex, lower is freer, index). The Democracy Best graph shows 1=

Strongly agree democracy best and 4 strongly disagree that democracy is best.) index.

(http://www.ifs.du.edu)

The Freedom graph is plotted in relation to time. The Trust People Percent graph

and the Democracy Best graph are plotted in relation to the World Value Survey. The

world value survey is a national and international survey of how people view their world.

According to Professor Ronald Inglehart and Shawn Stemen,

The World Values Survey is a worldwide investigation of sociocultural and

political change. It has carried out representative national surveys of the basic

values and beliefs of publics in more than 65 societies on all six inhabited

continents, containing almost 80 percent of the world’s population. It builds on

the European Values Surveys, first carried out in 1981. A second wave of

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surveys, designed for global use, was completed in 1990-1991, a third wave was

carried out in 1995-1996 and a fourth wave took place in 1999-2001. This

investigation has produced evidence of gradual but pervasive changes in what

people want out of life, and the basic direction of these changes is, to some extent,

predictable. This study has given rise to more than 300 publications, in 16

languages. (http://wvs.isr.umich.edu/)

These graphs show how much freedom South Koreans have and how that affects

their view of the value of Democracy. The Trust graph shows their feelings in regards to

working with the United States and North Korea. The graphs show that the level of

Freedom in South Korea has been increasing since 1973 until the most recent data past

2003. The Trust People Percent Survey and the Democracy Best Survey shows that

between 1990- 1995, trust was increasing and people in South Korea disagreed that

Democracy was best at an increasing level. Since W3 which is in 1995-1996 to W4 in

1999-2001, trust has decreased continuously and the rate of South Koreans disagreeing

that Democracy is Best is leveling off so the increase is flattening out. The graphs show

that between W2 and W3 when the level of freedom was relatively high, at first South

Koreans were trusting and felt democracy was not best. However, as freedom continued

to be prevalent and continued to increase, trust decreased and the number of South

Koreans who disagreed that Democracy was Best started to taper off so the rate was less.

The significant turning point is in W3, or 1995-1996. At W3 trust was at thirty percent.

By W4 trust was at zero percent. From W2 to W3, the rate of increasing numbers of

South Koreans who disagreed that Democracy is Best was steep. From W3 to W4 the

rate of South Koreans who disagreed that Democracy is Best started to level off to an

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almost flat line. The level of Freedom was constant from approximately 1993 to 2004.

In 2004, the level of Freedom started to increase again until it leveled off at about 3 in

most recent.

The graph may show that at the beginning of having a lot of freedom in South

Korea, the South Koreans were used to not having freedom. Therefore, they did not yet

feel that Democracy was best. However, as time went on and they continued to have a

high level of freedom, they started to get used to Freedom and to like Freedom and thus

to develop the feeling that maybe Democracy is not so bad.

The graphs show that as South Koreans first have a high level of freedom they are

very trusting. However, after having a few more years of a high level of freedom, they

become less trusting until trust becomes zero percent in W4, or 1999-2001.

The graphs show that since 1982, freedom has increased continuously until it

leveled off at about a 3 from a range of 2 to 14 - lower being freer. Between the years of

1993 and 2004, freedom was constant at about level 4.

In regards to Maslow, South Korea has been improving economically in the last

decade. As its Survival needs of physiological needs like hunger and thirst are met, it has

moved on towards security, community, and responsibility needs. In autocratic

countries, people are afraid of freedom and democracy because they like the state to

provide food and shelter for free. As North Korea fulfills its basic survival needs of food

and shelter, it has started to begin to explore the idea of having freedom and democracy.

In regards to the GDA model, South Korea’s actual is that freedom is increasing.

At the same time, since freedom has increased in South Korea, the trend of South Korea

is towards believing that Democracy is not best. In W2, South Koreans believed that

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Democracy was best at 0.0 (1 strongly agree and 4 strongly disagree). By W3 Demo

Best was at 1.8 and at W4 it is at 2.0. Although the graph shows that South Koreans

still believe that Democracy is best, being at 2 and below, the graph shows that the trend

is towards believing that democracy is not best.

South Korea’s Actual is that they want to have a healthy economy. At the same

time, its drift is that the South Korean people feel that democracy is not best. The South

Koreans’ goal is that they want a healthy economy that is not created by a democracy.

The South Koreans are experiencing Alienation. According to Professor

Chadwick’s GDA model, “alienation is associated with a sense of not belonging in, with

or to a group or place or situation, hence one is averse to and feels a negative valence for

that condition. The inverse is a sense of belongingness in Abraham Maslow’s sense, a

sense of valued identity with a community, group, place or situation, hence a positive

valence.“

In regards to Easton, the Support for these demands lies in the South Korean

government. The South Korean Government is trying to pursue relations with North

Korea through its Sunshine policy. The South Koreans want to reunify with North

Korea. South Koreans increasingly believe that democracy is not best. Even with

increasing freedom in their daily lives, South Koreans increasingly disagree that

democracy is best. South Koreans increasingly distrust others in society. Koreans are

difficult to work with because they break agreements and do not live up to their word.

According to Lasswell, the inner attributes are health and enlightenment. The

outer attributes are wealth and skill. The inner relations are affection and rectitude. The

outer relations are power and respect.

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South Koreans are trying to seek enlightenment and improve their skill through

education. More and more South Koreans are seeking to obtain an education in the

United States because comparably, American Universities are far superior to colleges in

South Korea. A degree from a U.S. University is worth far more than any degree in any

place in South Korea. Many South Koreans are coming to the United States to learn

more about the West because South Korea hopes to become more enlightened and to

improve their skill so that they can move out of third world status.

As South Koreans visit the United States more, they grow to like the freedom they

experience in the United States. Thus when they return to South Korea, they demand

more freedom from the South Korean Government. However, because South Koreans

increasingly do not trust others, they want to be protected by a paternalistic autocratic

government which has control over people’s actions. South Koreans, like all of Asia, has

a history of believing in Confucian ideals of paternalism. South Koreans increasingly

believe that democracy is not best.

South Korea needs to work with the United States, China, Russia, and Japan, in

the six party talks, to convince North Korea to end its Nuclear Weapons program. This

is the most pressing foreign policy issue that South Korea currently faces.

The most important issue facing South Korea at this moment is the threat of North

Korea’s Nuclear program. North Korea violated the terms of the Agreed Framework and

is pursuing the construction of Nuclear Weapons. According to the Country Analysis

Brief of the Energy Information Administration, which provides Official Energy

Statistics from the U.S. Government,

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“In 1994, North Korea signed an agreement (the "Agreed Framework") sponsored

by the United States, Japan, and South Korea to halt its graphite technology

nuclear program in exchange for two light water nuclear reactors. In early

October 2002, North Korea disclosed to U.S. officials that it had violated the

terms of the Agreed Framework by pursuing a nuclear weapons program, and that

North Korea considered the agreement nullified. “

(http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/nkorea.html)

The United States and North Korea has decided to meet with each other in a series

of meetings in order to discuss a peaceful and stable Northeast Asia region. According to

the U.S. Department of State website, recently, the “United States and the Republic of

Korea Launch Strategic Consultation for Allied Partnership.” One of the main goals of

the Allied Partnership is to return to the six party talks.

The six party talks were inconclusive. In February of 2006, Japan urged North

Korea to return to six party talks. “The gap was large and there was no progress on this,”

said Shinzo Abe, Japan’s chief cabinet secretary. (http://thestar.com.)

According to CNN, “Seoul and Pyongyang remain technically at war because

they never signed a peace treaty after their 1950-53 war…. Just on Wednesday,

Pyongyang warned that naval clashes could break out with [South Korea] again unless

the U.S. - led United Nations Command abolished what the North called an illegal border

drawn in the Yellow Sea.” (www.cnn.com)

In border skirmishes casualties and deaths were suffered on both the South

Korean and North Korean sides. “Pyongyang declared the border invalid in 1999, and

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since then a series of skirmishes have broken out between the [South Korean and North

Korean] navies…. North Korean also suffered casualties in the latest navy battle, which

killed five South Korean and wounded 19 others.” (www.cnn.com)

South Korea aims to reunify with North Korea in its Sunshine policy. In the

meantime, Japan is encouraging South Korea to follow Japan’s example in its

cooperation in the global society and its positive relations with the United States. In

2006, Japan and South Korea are planning a new rule which will provide “exemption of

Temporary Visitors’ visa for nationals of the Republic of Korea to Japan.

(http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce)

South Korea is a young nation in Northeast Asia. Geographically, it lies near

China, Russia, and Japan, which are very important nations in the region. South Korea

has a very important responsibility, as it moves out of its survival mode, to urge North

Korea to abandon its Nuclear Program. As South Korea learns more about what is

freedom and how is a democracy, it is learning to live in a world where you cannot trust

everyone, even if they are your neighbors.

Republic of Korea (South Korea) to form Strategic Alliance with the United States.

Foremost on the Agenda: A Return to Six Party Talks

The conditions in this case is that North Korea presents a nuclear threat. Each of

the six nations (The United States, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea)

will be the support for the six party talks. The six party talks answer to the demand for a

safe and stable Northeast Asia region. The consequences of the six party talks not

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resuming would be continued sanctions against North Korea. Sanctions against North

Korea could lead to an unhealthy North Korean economy. The long term effects of

returning to the six party talks could be the reunification of South Korea and North Korea

and a stable and safe North East Asia region.

The United States and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) held the first session

of the “U.S. - ROK Strategic Consultation for Allied Partnership” on January 19, 2006.

The U.S.-ROK alliance is important in promoting peace and stability in the Northeast

Asia Region. According to a Media Note in the U.S. Department of State website, one

of the goals of the initiative is that of “Maintaining a strong U.S.-ROK alliance to

contribute to peace and stability in Northeast Asia, leading possibly to an eventual

regional multinational mechanism for security cooperation.” (www.state.gov)

The most important objective of high level talks is a return to the Six Party Talks

with the United States, Russia, the People Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of

Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea). At the Six Party

Talks hosted by Beijing, China, North Korea must be convinced to end its pursuit of a

Nuclear Weapons Program. For the sake of the future of its nation, South Korea must

urge North Korea to return to the Six Party Talks.

If North Korea does not end its Nuclear Weapons Program, international

sanctions against North Korea will not be lifted. If South Korea wishes to reunify with

North Korea, it must show that South Korea and North Korea can negotiate with each

other as nations in the international realm. The focus of South Korea Foreign Policy is to

convince North Korea to end its Nuclear Program. A Nuclear free Korea is important not

only to North Korea’s future, but is also vital to the survival of South and North Korea .

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References

CNN “N. Korea ‘regrets’ fatal naval skirmish”

http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/07/25/korea.clash/index.html

Energy Information Administration. “North Korea: Background”

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/North_Korea/Background.html

Lai, Sandy. “Talks focus on nuclear threat” Ka Leo

http://www.kaleo.org/vnews/display.v?

TARGET=printable&article_id=3f49d29a8ea2f

McCormack, Sean. “United States and the Republic of Korea Launch Strategic

Consultation for Allied Partnership” U.S. Department of State

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/59447.htm

The Malaysian Star “Japan says little progress in talks with North Korea”

http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/7/worldupdates/2006-02-

07T201151Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_-235609-1&sec=Worldupdates

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan “Exemption of Temporary Visitors’ Visa for

Nationals of the Republic of Korea”

http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2006/2/0206.html

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U.S. Department of State “Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs”

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2800.htm#foreign

World Values Survey “Introduction” http://wvs.isr.umich.edu/

Xiao, Hu and Jize, Qin. “6-party talks open, host: china urges flexibility” China Daily

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-07/26/content_463195.htm

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Rhea-Liza VegaPOLS 315Chadwick

Spring 2006

Essay 1

As South Korea’s Chief Intelligence Officer, I am extremely concerned with the

relationship of South Korea with others, particularly those who could make the greatest

impact on our lives, both economically and politically. Therefore, I chose two graphs,

which I deemed most relevant to my goals of amicable relations and improved global

standing. The graph above describes the projection of power distribution of the five major

or “leading actors,” including China, Japan, the United States of America, India and the

European Union. It is graded on a scale of 0 to 25 from the year 2008 to 2096. From the

graph, USA has the most power, and appears to maintain it throughout the years.

According to the International Futures website’s basic report centered on the scenario

two, Security First, the freedom house freedom indicator shows that in 2000, South Korea

was rated a 13. After fifteen years, it slowly rose to fourteen—the highest rating that

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indicates the most democracy in a given area. According to the Security First scenario

explanation, this specific rating

“assumes a world of striking disparities where inequality and conflict prevail. As such troubles become increasingly prevalent, the more powerful and wealthy groups focus on self-protection, creating enclaves akin to the present day 'gated communities.' Such islands of advantage provide a degree of enhanced security and economic benefits for dependent communities in their immediate surroundings but they exclude the disadvantaged mass of outsiders. Welfare and regulatory services fall into disuse, but market forces continue to operate outside the walls."

Again, global democracy for South Korea is extremely important for our

continual existence. From this graph, we can see that over the next several years,

democracy will begin to decline. World democracy is projected to decrease according to

the Security First Scenario, and it incorporates “the assumptions of the spread of

pervasive economic and personal insecurity and reactions that attempt, often counter-

productively to achieve security of self or nation” (Annotate). So South Korea is forced

to figure out other means to achieve a greater security, like economic security.

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Considering all these factors and information from the graphs provided, one

would assume that new policies with the countries within the simulation would need to

account for the fact that “leading actors” in power will remain in power with only slight

fluctuations. Furthermore, these “leading actors” are mainly democratic advocates and

according to graph #2, when countries are faced with insecurity and threat, democracy

will decline. South Korea attempts to stay strong against their communist neighbors and

rivals, China and North Korea. Given that North Korea has the military support of the

United States by the 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty, the risk of North Korean Invasion is

less than if South Korea had been without. Therefore new polices with other countries

need to also consider the needs of the United States, since without them, the likelihood of

enduring democracy is decreased. As long as the US and South Korea are on good terms

and the Treaty is not broken, then South Korea is greatly protected.

Another issue to contemplate is trade agreements with other leading countries. In

order to maintain peace and stability, countries also need to maintain their economic

strength and growth. In the Security First scenario, it includes the “10% loss of economic

freedom” (Annotate). However, since the US “seeks to improve access to Korea’s

expanding market and increase investment opportunities for American business…[and]

on February 2, 2006, [they] announced their intent to negotiate a Free Trade Agreement,”

it appears that South Korea is at an advantage (Background Notes).

According to the Background Notes of the United Department of State, President

Kim Dae-Jung instilled new policies to help “maintain one of Asia’s few expanding

economies” with a continuous fluctuation in growth but finally ending with the

“economic performance in 2004 improved to 4.6 %, based on vibrant exports.”

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Considering this information, South Korea seeks a more steady and constant economic

growth. In addition, the Background Notes also states that South Korea is also a “more

market-oriented one…emphasizing on exports and labor-intensive light.”

In order to achieve this, South Korea will want to improve our relations with the

new leading actors, including India. Considering that terrorism and times of insecurity

continue into the future and that the United States will still maintain their power to some

extent, South Korea should try keeping this relation very amicable. By improving or

maintaining these relationships for the future, it allows South Korea a greater chance at

following these new leading actors, and possibly achieving a greater global standing. In

addition, considering that North Korea has repeatedly tried to reunite with South Korea,

yet still keeping their communism, there seems to be little chance that it will change

(Foreign Relations).

Considering the economic and political security from these interactions, South

Korea could expect an improved state of well-being, education, and wealth. Fear of

economic recession and invasion would also decline. With the South Korea/ United

States 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty, South Korea can expect to be safe from other

countries, therefore possibly making things easier for South Korea to feel safe in

negotiating with others considering US backing and protection.

After speaking to my other group mates of South Korea, we have decided to seek

out an increase of free trade with other countries and to protect ourselves economically

by regulating how much we export. By increasing food imports and focusing more on

electronic exports, we can increase our GDP, thus decreasing our reliance on others for

these expensive goods. Bearing in mind that other countries within the simulation will

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want the same economic growth, these countries will most likely try to regulate our

imports and exports to satisfy their needs. By watching out for these and with further

negotiations, South Korea can stay strong and economically safe.

Works Cited

“Annotate Working Scenario: Security First.” International Futures Website.

<http://www.ifs.du.edu/Notepad.aspx>.

“Background Note: South Korea.” Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. U.S.

Department of State. February 2006.

<http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2800.htm#foreign>.

“Foreign Relations: South Korea.” U.S. Library of Congress.

<http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/17.htm>.

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Aaron Jaramillo ChadwickPOLS 315

Spring 2006

Section A: GraphsGlobalization

IF’s Graph on ROK Imports

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IF’s Export Graph for ROK

1

As acting Chief Trade Officer (CTO) of South Korea it is important for me to

look at current trends in the global economy to predict or forecast the future of South

Korea’s economy. One current trend that is going on in today’s world is globalization.

For that reason, I chose to use the graph that forecasts the “Globalization of States over

one percent [of] Power”. As CTO I could use this graph to see if there is a connection of

globalization with what is going on in South Korea. Looking at the globalization graph,

there is a slight uprising of globalization that is probably going on in the present and

looks like it will continue for the next couple of years and then a leveling off. Could this

leveling off be because of the carrying capacity issue where there is only so much that

could happen in a small country like South Korea? Or could there be a connection where

South Korea’s goal is looking for more free and bilateral trade with other nations?

1 Graphs are from www.ifs.du.edu

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Secondly as CTO my main job is trade so I thought it would be appropriate to use

the IF’s graphs on imports and exports. As you can see in the graphs, there is an uprising

in both importing and exporting. Using Maslow’s Theory, looking at this trend I

wouldn’t see it as a threat to the country as a whole. It looks like that it would be great

for South Korea’s economy by raising the GDP levels. Security, however, will be a

concern in our country especially with the amount of product flow that will pass through.

Community concerns probably wouldn’t be much of concern because there seems to be

good relations with other nations in the region and nations around the world. I don’t

think that community identity of South Korea is much of concern because as I said South

Korea has good relations with other nations and will continue to pursue good relations

with other nations. I think that promoting to keep good relations with other countries

would be a priority with security being atop the priority list as well.

My goal for the country is to provide economic stability in South Korea. I would

like to see our nations GDP to rise and become and economic leader in the world. I think

I could do this by making policies to implement free trade with other nations without

hurting the domestic businesses and also by not only looking at the big trading nations

but looking at what the small nations have to offer South Korea. It could be anything

whether it's natural gasses or minerals. I would also like to see security and control of all

imports and exports so that our country wouldn’t be taken advantage of and go up in

smoke.

Section B

As Chief Trade Officer of South Korea I think that there would be a lot of demand

from my teammates. Without trade I think that Korea’s economy would still be in the

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dumps. According to Hwang Doo-Yun, author of “Korea International Trade Policy in

the Global Age,2” Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world. In the 60’s, they

began exporting small manufactured goods and had minimal trading. In the 70’s, they

began exporting cars and heavy manufactured goods. Importation, however, still had

heavy restrictions. In the 80’s is when South Korea saw dramatic changes in economic

development and began attracting international attention. This led to an emphasis on the

liberalization of imported goods. In the 90’s, however, international competition

increased. The domestic market became too outdated which hindered the South Korean

corporate governance and finance so they started looking towards international financial

aid. In 1997, South Korea was hit with a financial crisis which depleted their foreign

exchange reserves dramatically. This financial crisis led to South Korea developing a

plan to head towards globalizing South Korea’s economy. Currently, South Korea

looking towards free trade domestically and internationally.

So as you can see, trade in South Korea plays a major role in its economy. I think

that there would be a great demand and expectancy from my other teammates. That

could be the same for the trading members of other countries. I think that my fellow

teammates would want me to develop policies that not only would implement free trade

from our nation to another nation, but also try to push a policy to implement free trade

around the world. I think that other countries can look at South Korea as a major trading

source especially because of the rising technological advancements around the world. I

think that my teammates would also like me to try and diversify our trading partners and

balance out trade amongst other nations. We will want to diversify so that we don’t have

2 East Asian Review, 13(3), Autumn 2001, pp.3-202001 by The Institute for East Asian StudiesPublished by the IEAS, 508-143 Jungrung 2-Dong Songbuk-Ku Seoul 136-851 KOREA

31

a dependency on just one nation for a good. I think other nations [third world country’s

anyway] will like this because if there is something that a third world country has

something to offer our nation or other nations then maybe jobs could be created to make

that good to be exported.

I think that I will get all the support I will need for implementing this free trade

policy. I believe that they recognize that free trade will be the best route in becoming an

economic powerhouse not only domestically but in the world. With trade being a major

factor of our economy I don’t expect or want supreme authority of the entire country, but

enough to make the right and reasonable choices for a strong developing economy.

Hopefully enough funding is available from businesses and the government. Since there

will be a greater amount of goods going in and out of the country and more threat of

terrorism around the world, military support will be a great help keeping guard over the

ports.

I don’t know how much other nations will react towards my implementation of

free trade among nations. I may get mixed reactions from other countries. Some may see

this as greed for our country in an attempt to better our economy. Some may see it as a

good idea in attempt to better relationships among nations of the world. Whatever the

support of reaction, everything will be done in a moral and ethical manner.

Section C: Policies

South Korea’s economy is almost 75 percent dependent on trade. For South

Korea to not implement free trade domestically and internationally would be the craziest

idea. With that said, South Korea would like to take the first step and strengthen our

policies towards the goal of free trade. As Chief Trade Officer (CTO) with the support of

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my fellow officers, I would like to announce that South Korea is opening its doors to the

many nations around the world who could use the resources that are available in our

country. Likewise, South Korea would like to take a look at resources that would be

beneficial to our country. Things that other countries might want to consider importing

from South Korea are our technology and electronics. The modern world is getting more

technology based with the use of cell phones and other electronics. South Korea has two

of the biggest producers in these types of products in companies such as LG® and

Samsung®. South Korea has Kia® and Daewoo® who are manufacturers of cars. Some

resources that South Korea could use are things like wheat, meats, and natural resources

such as oil. South Korea has three policy goals that are being implemented that we

would like other nations to consider as well.

The first policy action is to be more proactive in working towards building free

trade in the world so that the economic world could be more economically stable. To do

this we would like more nations to participate in the free trade processes. Secondly, we

will actively participate in free trade cooperation and address issues that come up.

The second policy action is to strengthen trade in the different world regions. We

would like nations in the same region to work with each other. Instead of going through

multiple countries to obtain a good, there should be bilateral trade. We would also like to

help the developing countries in the world to strengthen their economy as well.

Thirdly, South Korea will work towards building a domestic market environment

that is free and fair. We will do this by promoting fair competition amongst nations and

having a sense of trust between nations by revealing and sharing all economic

information with trading partners.

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So with our free trade policies implemented, we would like to call on other

nations to also actively participate in working towards free trade. Take South Korea’s

history from going dirt poor to one of the top fifteen wealthiest countries as an example

of how trading could boost economic stability.

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Ivan DuqueChadwickPOLS 315

Spring 2006

Essay 1

As is the case with sovereign states, ala Maslow’s social psychological theory,

South Korea is well aware of its own need to first meet the very basic needs of its

citizenry, secure their safety, meet community needs, take a leading role in the country’s

development and fulfill the goals set by its governments policy makers.

If one looks at South Korea from the angle of a GDA model it is clear to see that the

actual situation (A) South Korea finds itself in the present, is not where it wants to be in

the future. S. Korea has goals (G) that its policy makers wish to achieve in order to stay

viable in the global economy while maintaining its sovereignty. In the way of the path to

those goals are different distractions which will keep it from achieving set goals, thus

causing the policy makers and leaders undue stress (D).

As per Easton’s Political Systems concept, S. Korea needs to have a stable

political system in order to establish a desirable political environment, which is very

important in order to ensure a smooth process of protocol where the decision makers are

able to establish policy according to the demands and the supports of the populace.

According to Laswell’s Values as Attributes and Relations, the S. Korean government

needs to concern itself not only with setting policy, but also why it is doing so and how it

is perceived in its homeland and in its international relations.

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As the graph above shows the power of the present leading actors, namely the United

State and the European Union will diminish and the new leading actors will be first

India then China.

If S. Korea wishes to stay abreast of these developments it will need to open up

communications and establish policies which will allow it to have good trade,

economic and political relations with these countries.

As CSO I wish to support my government in its endeavors to pursue policies

friendly to those countries poised to take the lead in the future; thereby giving the S.

Korea the best chance possible to fend for itself and be a viable force in future

developments. The S. Korean government and its people deserve to be able to look

towards the future with a positive outlook.

36

According to the IFS graph above it is clear to see the leveling off of oil

consumption while the demand for oil, gas and alternative energy is steadily increasing.

It is vital for the S. Korean government to recognize these trends and take the steps

necessary to keep the country as self-sustaining as possible by investing in alternative

energy and new technologies.

In the past S. Korea was dependent on North Korea for its mining and industry while

maintaining an edge on the agricultural industry due to S. Korea’s climate and its arable

land, which is ideal for rice production.

37

As S. Korea focuses on the future it needs to concern itself with the energy needs of the

country and the financial state of the country.

According to a text in http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/45.htm The Economy, South

Korea Table of Contents, U.S. Library of Congress

http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/51.htm Energy, S. Korea has no oil reserves, very

little coal supplies and limited hydroelectric power: therefore in the past it concentrated

on nuclear power. The text states that in 1985 nuclear power accounted for 22% of the

country’s energy use, thermal plants (oil/coal) 74% and hydroelectric energy accounted

for 4% of the country’s total energy consumption. In addition the text,

http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/80.htm Relations with North Korea South Korea,

notes that business leaders in S. Korea know that there could be economic benefits if their

government and the North Korean government had better relations.

By 1990 the text, http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/50.htm Industry, states that South

Korean manufacturers set their sights on high-technology industries, which as mentioned

before is a step in the right direction. The text reads that the new high-technologies

include the production of new materials, mechatronics; which include industrial robotics,

bioengineering, microelectronics, fine chemistry and aerospace.

As CSO of South Korea my main focus will be to work closely with the “chaebol”. The

section of the text, http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/48.htm The Government and

Public and Private, gives a brief history of the foundation of the chaebol during the

1950’s after the Korean War. After the war most of the Japanese owned industries

mostly laid in ruins and disrepair. These industries were meted out by the government to

individuals deemed politically friendly to the government; in turn these individuals would

38

be expected to give kickbacks. During this time the chaebols were formed. The chaebol

like OPEC is made up of different conglomerates which as the text states were made up

of, “heavy and consumer industries and electric and electronic goods, as well as trading

companies and real estate and insurance concerns.” With the aid of foreign loans

guaranteed by the government, special favors and foreign technology the chaebol

continued to grow. By the late 80’s the chaebol became financially secure and no longer

relied on government financial assistance. The text further states that in 1987 the

revenues of the four largest chaebol were US$80.7 billion, a figure equivalent to two

thirds of Seoul's total GNP.”

My CSO position will allow me to be a liaison between the government and the chaebols,

which would provide a buffer in order to have better relations. I will encourage my

government to work in conjunction with the chaebols to further high-technology research

and development as well as looking into new alternate methods of energy. In addition I

will focus on international relations with other countries, especially India and China

through trade and other mutually benefiting endeavors. Furthermore I will make it clear

to my government that it would be extremely wise if relations with North Korea were

given high priority in order to further the stability of S. Korea’s economy.

39

http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/45.htm The EconomySouth Korea Table of ContentsSource: U.S. Library of Congress http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/51.htm EnergySouth Korea Table of ContentsSource: U.S. Library of Congress http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/80.htm Relations with North Korea South Korea Table of ContentsSource: U.S. Library of Congresshttp://countrystudies.us/south-korea/50.htm IndustryTable of ContentsSource: U.S. Library of Congresshttp://countrystudies.us/south-korea/48.htm The Government and Public and Private CorporationsSouth Korea Table of ContentsSource: U.S. Library of Congress

From readings: Maslow, Lasswell, Easton

Class notes

40

Jaci AgustinPols 315

ChadwickSpring 2006

Essay 1

The Red Cross' mission statement is to bring "relief to victims of disasters and

help people to prevent, prepare, and respond to emergencies". Therefore as the Red

Cross representative for South Korea, I feel the best way to prepare is get the facts.

We must first know exactly how many people are involved in our preparation

process. The population of South Korea now is 48,640,671(World Fact Book) This

number lets us know how many vaccines and supplies to stock up on for potential

disasters and diseases. Our population growth is actually going down which tells us to

set a lower budget on such vaccines and supplies. This way we can spend money and aid

else where.

Although our growth rate is shrinking, the life expectancy is getting older. This

tells us that the Red Cross needs to focus more on the well being of the old and obtaining

supplies specifically for the older generations. This information lets us know what kind

of aid we may need to ask for from other countries, such as flu vaccinations for the

elderly.

Using the GDA model we can implement our goal as drawn from the Red Cross'

mission statement. Our goal is to "prevent, prepare and respond". The actual state that

the South Korean Red Cross is in is not close to what it could be. Right now South Korea

only has 9 Red Cross locations, employing 14 people. The distance between our goal and

actual place may cause some frustration when trying to meet our goals. This means

during the simulation we must focus on the direction we are heading and start

implementing these goals by working closely with our allies.

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0

0

42

The demands that will be placed on my role as the South Korea Red Cross are

variable. These demands may range from getting aid or giving aid. The determining

factor of these demands are the current issues at hand. For example, the National Red

Cross of the Republic of Korea gave $5.8 million dollars to hurricane Katrina victims.

The Korea Times also reported on February 20,2006 that “Seoul offers $1 million in aid

for Philippines slide”. This goes to show that South Korea will not always be the one

asking for help but we can deliver too. These types of exchanges will strengthen our

relationships with our allies when it comes down to military funding, trading and other

political transactions.

One interesting dimension on the horizon of these issues would be “South and

North Korea will this week hold a new round of Red Cross talks during which Seoul

hopes to address a number of humanitarian issues, such as South Korean abductees and

prisoners of war (POWs) still kept captive in the communist North.” (The Korea Times:

hanhooki.com Feb. 20, 2006) These talks may open the door of other opportunities and

discussion between North and South Korea, which may come in handy during the

simulation. Since these talks are in process now I will keep my teammates and other

NGOs posted as new information arises.

In conclusion, my commitment to South Korea is to report exact information so

our country’s Red Cross will be able to know the demands of our population in light of

preventing, preparing and responding to any event that may manifest itself. Also the Red

Cross will make all available supports to South Korea known, weather it is the United

Sates or internal supports. Knowing these demands as they come along and the supports

we have available and reporting them to the rest of my team, we, as a country will be able

to proceed with our decision making process. Hence our policies on such subjects of the

Red Cross and receiving and giving aid and other negotiations will be far more stable.

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