Jean Watsons Theory of Human Caring

Jean WatsonsTheory of Human Caring

Jasper MukwadaCaroline HaugenKarla FlaneryRikki Zissler

Summary of PresentationPurposeBio of Jean WatsonPoint of viewInformation and ConceptsWatsons Carative FactorsUses of this theoryResearch related to Watsons theoryReferencesCase Study

PurposeTo introduce and critically analyze Jean Watsons theory of Human Caring in an online discussionDemonstrate how the theory how fits in today nursing environment

Dr. Jean Watsons Bio

She was born in West Virginia BSN, University of Colorado, 1964 MS, University of Colorado, 1966 PhD, University of Colorado, 1973Dr. Jean Watson is Distinguished Professor of Nursing and holds an endowed Chair in Caring Science at the University of Colorado Denver and Anschutz Medical Center Campus.She is founder of the original Center for Human Caring in ColoradoShe is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. Her latest activities include Founder and Director of a new non-profit foundation: Watson Caring Science Institute.She has been Distinguished Lecturer and Endowed Lecturer at universities throughout the United States and around the world.She holds the title of Distinguished Professor of nursing at the University of Colorado. She has written over 14 books on caring, her latest books range from empirical measurements of caring, to new postmodern philosophies of caring and healing.In 2008 Dr. Watson created a non-profit foundation: Watson Caring Science Institute, to further the work of Caring Science in the world.She currently resides in Boulder, Colorado.

Point of ViewWatsons view of warmth and caring is attributed to Carl RogersCarl Rogers believed that nurses are not here to manipulate others but rather to understand Tomey, 2010).Her theories came from her experiences and her own life.She also believes that that caring endorses our professional identity within a context where humanistic values are constantly questioned and challenged (Duquette &Cara, 2000).

Information and Concepts

Watson views human beings as the subject of the caring process. She states that the nurse considers the person to be valid and whole, regardless of illness or disease (Kearney-Nunnery, 2008).

Watson addresses this concept in one of the clinical caritas processes when she says that the nurse has to provide or create healing environments at all levels for healing to take place. These can be in the form of physical or nonphysical.

Human Being

EnvironmentInformation and Concepts Contd

She addresses this concepts by including the social, mental and physical functioning of the body as it relates to receptiveness of caring.

Her theory is centered on the belief that holistic health care is needed and should be practiced to provide adequate nursing. Moreover nursing is concerned with preventing illness or treating or removing the illness and restoring health. Practicing loving kindness is one of form of nursing concepts she uses to demonstrate the global concepts.

Health

Nursing

Watsons Carative FactorsWatson views the ten factors of caring as a template for the core of nursing.Her carative factors attempt to honor the human dimensions of nursings work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of the people we serve(Watson, 1997, p. 50)These ten factors are listed below

The Carative Factors Humanistic-altruistic system of valueFaith-HopeSensitivity to self and othersHelping-trusting, human care relationshipExpressing positive and negative feelingsCreative problem- solving caring processTranspersonal teaching-learningSupportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environmentExistential-phenomenological-spiritual forcesHuman needs assistance (Watson, 1988, p.75)

Clinical Caritas Processes ContdPractice of loving kindness and equanimity within context of caring consciousnessBeing authentically present, and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life world of self and the one-being-cared-for.Cultivation of ones own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion.Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship.Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one-being-cared-for.Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process, to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices.Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others frames of reference.Creating healing environment at all levels (physical as well as non-physical), subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated.Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering human care essentials, which potentiate alignment of mind/body/spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care; tending to both the embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence.Opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious and existential dimensions of ones own life-death; soul care for self and the one-being cared for. (Watson, 2001, p. 347)

Humanistic-altruistic system of value

becomes a practice of loving and kindness and equanimity within context of caring.

Faith-Hopebecomes being authentically present, and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life world of self and the one-being-cared-for.

Cultivation of sensitivity to self and others

becomes cultivation of ones own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion

Developing a helping-trusting,human care relationshipbecomes developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship.

Expressing positive and negative feelingsbecomes being present to, and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one-being-cared-for

Creative problem- solving caring process

becomes creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process, to engage in artistry of caring and healing practices.

Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learningbecomes engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning attempting to stay within other's frame of reference

Supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment

becomes creating healing environment at all levels, (physical as well as non-physical, subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiatedAssistance with gratification of human needsbecomes assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering human care essentials', which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care

Clinical Caritas ProcessesWatson continued to evolve these concepts of her theory, and then introduced a new concept of clinical caritas processes. These processes have now replaced her former carative factors. Transpersonal Caring RelationshipShe believed that for caring to happen in an authentic way, the one being cared for and the care giver should have a mutual respect for one another.When this relationship is allowed to bloom, patients often have a better turn around in their health status

Uses of this Theory_This model is used everywhere in healthcare. It is used in OB, OR community nursing and anywhere where there is a patient.The concepts are easy to understand because they are plain and follow a chronologic order.

Caring Occasion/Caring MomentAccording to Watson (1988, 1999), a caring occasion is the moment (focal point in space and time) when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created. The nurse has to also be conscious of her presence in this moment and her interaction with the patient.

Research related to Watsons theory

Saint Joseph Hospital in Orange, California has selected Jean Watsons theory of human caring as the framework base for nursing practice, (Current Nursing, 2010)The effectiveness of Watson's Caring Model on the quality of life and blood pressure of patients with hypertension. J Adv Nursing. 2003 Jan;41(2):130-9. This study demonstrated a relationship between care given according to Watson's Caring model and increased quality of life of the patients with hypertension. Further, in those patients for whom the caring model was practiced, there was a relationship between the Caring model and a decrease in patient's blood pressure. The Watson Caring Model is recommended as a guide to nursing patients with hypertension, as one means of decreasing blood pressure and increase in quality of life. (Current Nursing, 2010)Mullaney, J. A. B. (2000). The lived experience of using Watsons actual caring occasions to treat depressed women . Journal of Holistic Nursing, 18(2), 129-142 Martin, L. S. (1991). Using Watsons theory to explore the dimensions of adult polycystic kidney disease . ANNA Journal, 18, 403-406 (Current Nursing, 2010)

Case StudyA 24 year old woman G1P1 now who is single has just delivered a 24 week gestation infant. This is her first child and she is unmarried and is not involved in a relationship with the father of the baby. Her only support person is her mother since the patient is originally from out of state and was here visiting her mother for the holiday season. The patients mother will be her support person during this new family event unfortunately the patients mother is not able to be with her that often due to work and other outside activities she is involved in. Case study continuedAfter receiving report you start your day. As you walk into your patients room she is sitting up in the bed and crying. You assess her and find out that she is crying due to her newly born infant is not doing very well. 1.What are 3 carative factors of Jean Watsons theory that you can apply to your situation explain why you chose them as your personal factors you would use.2.Out of the 4 informational concepts, which one is most affected this patient.26Have peers list what they believe is appropriate factors and explain why their reasoning.Key to case studyAnswer to 1.In any order any of these could be addressed with a reasonable explanation of why one may feel the carita is necessary.Cultivation of sensitivity to self and othersDeveloping a helping-trusting human care relationshipHumanistic-altruistic system of valueExpressing positive and negative feelingsSupportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environmentAssistance with gratification of human needsAnswer to 2.Nursing was affected due to the patient needing emotional and spiritual support.

ReferencesAlligood, M.R. & Tomey, A.M. (2010). Nursing Theorists and Their Work (7th ed.) St. Louis, MO: Mosby ElsevierDuguette, A.&Cara, C. (2000). Le caring et la sant de linfirmiere. Linfirmiere Canadienne, 1(2), 10-11.Foster, R. L. (2006). A perspective on Watsons theory of human caring. Nursing Science Quarterly, 19(40: 332-333. Retrieved from http://nsq.sagepub.com/content/19/4/332Kearney-Nunnery, R. (2008). Advancing your career: Concepts of professional nursing. (4th ed.) Philadelphia, PA: F.A. DavisMitchell, G. (2002). Learning to practice the Discipline of Nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly. 15(3), 209-213 doi: 10.1177/08918402015003006Right, J. (2010). How to integrate Jean Watson's theory of caring into nursing practice. Retrieved November 12, 2010, from: http://www.ehow.com/how_6644521_intergrate-theory-caring-nursing-practice.html Watson, J. (1997). The Theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 49-52.Watson, J. (1988). Nursing:Human science and human care. A theory of nursing (2nd printing). New York: National League for Nursing.Watson, J. (1997). The Theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 49-52.Watson, J. (1999). Postmodern nursing and beyond. Toronto, Canada: Churchill Livingstone.Watson, J. (2001). Jean Watson: Theory of human caring. Nursing theories and nursing practice, 343-354. Philadelphia: Davis.http://www.ana.orghttp://caring.org http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Watson.html http://www.watsoncaringscience.org/index.html Thank you from Jasper, Rikki, Caroline, and Karla!Have a nice day!!!