Jean RenoirJean Renoir (French: [nwa]; 15 September 1894
12February 1979) was a French lm director, screenwriter,actor,
producer and author. As a lm director and actor,he made more than
forty lms from the silent era to theend of the 1960s. His lms Grand
Illusion (1937) andThe Rules of the Game (1939) are often cited by
criticsas among the greatest lms ever made. He was rankedby the
BFI's Sight & Sound poll of critics in 2002 as thefourth
greatest director of all time.[1] Among numeroushonors accrued
during his lifetime, he received a LifetimeAchievement Academy
Award in 1975 for his contribu-tion to the motion picture industry.
Renoir was the sonof the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir.1 Early life
and early careerThe young Renoir withGabrielle Renard in a painting
by hisfather Pierre-Auguste Renoir.Renoir was born in the
Montmartre district of Paris,France. He was the second son of Aline
(ne Charigot)Renoir and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, the renowned
painter.His elder brother was Pierre Renoir, a French stage
andlmactor, and his younger brother Claude Renoir (19011969) had a
brief minor career in the lmindustry, mostlyassisting on a few of
Jeans lms.[2] Renoir was also theuncle of Claude Renoir (19131993),
the son of Pierre,a cinematographer who worked with Jean Renoir on
sev-eral of his lms.Renoir was largely raised by Gabrielle Renard,
his nannyand his mothers cousin, with whomhe developed a
strongbond. Shortly before his birth, she had come to live withthe
Renoir family.[3] She introduced the young boy to theGuignol puppet
shows in Montmartre, which inuencedhis later lm career.He wrote in
his 1974 memoirs MyLife and My Films, She taught me to see the face
behindthe mask and the fraud behind the ourishes. She taughtme to
detest the clich.[4] Gabrielle was also fascinatedby the new
motion-picture invention, and when Renoirwas only a few years old
she took him to see his rst lm.As a child, Renoir moved to the
south of France with hisfamily. He and the rest of the Renoir
family were thesubjects of many of his fathers paintings. His
fathersnancial success ensured that the young Renoir was edu-cated
at fashionable boarding schools, from which, as helater wrote, he
frequently ran away.[5]At the outbreak of World War I, Renoir was
serving in theFrench cavalry. Later, after receiving a bullet in
his leg,he served as a reconnaissance pilot.[6] His leg injury
lefthim with a permanent limp, but allowed him to discoverthe
cinema, as he recuperated by watching lms with hisleg elevated;
seeing the works of Charlie Chaplin,D.W. Grith and others.[7][8]
After the war, Renoir fol-lowed his fathers suggestion and tried
his hand at makingceramics, but he soon set that aside to make lms.
He wasparticularly inspired by Erich von Stroheim's work.[9][10]In
1924, Renoir directed Une Vie Sans Joie or Catherine,the rst of his
nine silent lms, most of which starred hisrst wife, Catherine
Hessling. She was also his fatherslast model.[11] At this stage,
his lms did not produce areturn. Renoir gradually sold paintings
inherited from hisfather to nance them.[12]2 International success
inthe 1930sDuring the 1930s Renoir enjoyed great success as a
lm-maker. In 1931 he directed his rst sound lms, On purgebb (Babys
Laxative)[13] and La Chienne (The Bitch).[14]The following year he
made Boudu Saved From Drown-ing (Boudu sauv des eaux), a farcical
sendup of the pre-tensions of a middle-class bookseller and his
family, whomeet with comic, and ultimately disastrous, results
whenthey attempt to reform a vagrant played by Michel Si-12 4
POST-HOLLYWOOD CAREERmon.[15]By the middle of the decade, Renoir
was associated withthe Popular Front. Several of his lms, such as
The Crimeof Monsieur Lange (Le Crime de Monsieur Lange, 1935),Life
Belongs to Us (1936) and La Marseillaise (1938), re-ect the
movements politics.[16][17]In 1937 he made what became one of his
best-knownlms, La Grande Illusion, starring Erich von
StroheimandJean Gabin. A lm on the theme of brotherhood, relat-ing
a series of escape attempts by French POWs duringWorld War I, it
was enormously successful. It was bannedin Germany, and later in
Italy, after having won the BestArtistic Ensemble award at the
Venice Film Festival.[18]It was the rst foreign language lm to
receive a nomina-tion for the Academy Award for Best Picture.He
followed it with The Human Beast (La Bte Humaine)(1938), a lm noir
tragedy based on the novel by mileZola and starring Simone Simon
and Jean Gabin, this alsowas a cinematic success.[19]In 1939, able
to co-nance his own lms,[20] Renoir madeTheRulesoftheGame
(LaRgleduJeu), a satire oncontemporary French society with an
ensemble cast.[21]Renoir played the character Octave, who acts as a
sortof master of ceremonies in the lm.[22]The lm washis greatest
commercial failure,[23] met with derision byParisian audiences at
its premiere. He extensively reed-ited the work, but without
success.[24]A few weeks after the outbreak of World War II, thelm
was banned by the government.The ban was liftedbriey in 1940, but
after the fall of France that June, itwas banned again.[25]
Subsequently the original negativeof the lm was destroyed in an
Allied bombing raid.[25] Itwas not until the 1950s that French lm
enthusiasts JeanGaborit and Jacques Durand, with Renoirs
cooperation,reconstructed a near-complete print of the
lm.[26][27]Since screenings and reappraisals since the 1960s,
TheRules of the Game has frequently appeared near the topof critics
polls of the best lms ever made.[28][29]3 Hollywood yearsA week
after the disastrous premiere of The Rules of theGame in July 1939,
Renoir went to Rome with Karl Kochand Dido Freire, subsequently his
second wife, to workon the script for a lm version of
Tosca.[30][31] He aban-doned the project to return to France in
August 1939,and make himself available for military service.[32] At
theage of 45, he became a lieutenant in the French ArmyFilm
Service. He was sent back to Italy, to teach lmat the Centro
Sperimentale di Cinematograa in Rome,and resume work on
Tosca.[30][33][34] The French govern-ment hoped this cultural
exchange would help maintainfriendly relations with Italy, which
had not yet entered thewar.[30][33][35] As war approached, however,
Renoir re-turned to France.[30][36] After Germany invaded Francein
May 1940, he ed to the United States with DidoFreire.[37][38]In
Hollywood, Renoir had diculty nding projects thatsuited him.[39]His
rst American lm, SwampWater(1941), was a drama starring Dana
Andrews and WalterBrennan. In1943,
heco-producedanddirectedananti-Nazi lm set in France,
ThisLandIsMine,star-ring Maureen O'Hara and Charles
Laughton.[40][41] Twoyears later, he made The Southerner, a lm
about Texassharecroppers that is often regarded as his best
Ameri-can lm. He was nominated for an Academy Award forDirecting
for this work.[42][43][44]In 1945 he made Diary of a Chambermaid,
an adaptationof the Octave Mirbeau novel, Le Journal d'une femme
dechambre, starring Paulette Goddard and Burgess Mered-ith.[45][46]
His The Woman on the Beach (1947), starringJoan Bennett and Robert
Ryan, was heavily reshot andreedited after it fared poorly among
preview audiences inCalifornia.[47] Both lms were poorly received;
they werethe last lms Renoir made in America.[48][49][50] At
thistime, Renoir became a naturalized citizen of the
UnitedStates.[51]4 Post-Hollywood careerIn 1949 Renoir traveled to
India and made The River, hisrst color lm.[52] Based on the novel
of the same name byRumer Godden, the lm is both a meditation on
humanbeings relationship with nature and a coming of age storyof
three young girls in colonial India.[53] The lmwon theInternational
Prize at the Venice FilmFestival in 1951.[54]After returning to
work in Europe, Renoir made a tril-ogy of Technicolor musical
comedies on the subjects oftheater, politics and commerce:
LeCarrossed'or (TheGolden Coach) (1953) with Anna Magnani; French
Can-can (1954) with Jean Gabin and Mara Flix; and Elnaet leshommes
(ElenaandHerMen, 1956) with IngridBergman and Jean Marais.[55]
During the same periodRenoir produced Cliord Odets' play The Big
Knife inParis. He also wrote his own play, Orvet, and produced itin
Paris featuring Leslie Caron.[56][57]In1959Renoirmadehisnext
lmswithtechniquesadapted from live television.[58]Le Djeuner sur
l'herbe(Picnic on the Grass), starring Paul Meurisse andCatherine
Rouvel, was lmed on the grounds of Pierre-Auguste Renoirs home in
Cagnes-sur-Mer, and Le Tes-tament dudocteurCordelier (TheTestament
ofDoctorCordelier), starring Jean-Louis Barrault, was made in
thestreets of Paris and its suburbs.[59][60]In 1962 Renoir made
what was to be his penultimatelm, Le Caporal pingl (The Elusive
Corporal) with Jean-Pierre Cassel and Claude Brasseur.[61] Set
among FrenchPOWs during their internment in labor camps by theNazis
during World War II, the lm explores the twin hu-man needs for
freedom, on the one hand, and emotional3and economic security, on
the other.[62][63]In 1962,Renoir published a loving memoir of his
fa-ther, Renoir, My Father, in which he described the pro-found
inuence his father had on himand his work.[64] Asfunds for his lm
projects were becoming harder to ob-tain, Renoir continued to write
screenplays for income.He published a novel, The Notebooks of
Captain Georges,in 1966.[65][66] Captain Georges is the nostalgic
accountof a wealthy young mans sentimental education and lovefor a
peasant girl, a theme also explored earlier in his lmsDiary of a
Chambermaid and Picnic on the Grass.[67]5 Last yearsRenoir made his
last lm in 1969, Le Petit thtre de JeanRenoir (The Little Theatre
of Jean Renoir).[68] The lm isa series of four short lms made in a
variety of styles. Itis, in many ways, one of his most challenging,
avant-gardeand unconventional works.[69][70]Unable to obtain
nancing for his lms and suering de-clining health, Renoir spent his
last years receiving friendsat his home in Beverly Hills, and
writing novels and hismemoirs.[71]In 1973 Renoir was preparing a
production of his stageplay, Carola, with Leslie Caron and Mel
Ferrer when hefell ill and was unable to direct. The producer
NormanLloyd, a friend and actor in The Southerner, took over
thedirection of the play.It was broadcast in the series pro-gram
Hollywood Television Theater on WNET, Channel13, New York on
February 3, 1973.[72]Renoir published his memoirs, My Life and My
Films, in1974. He wrote of the inuence exercised by
GabrielleRenard, his nanny and his mothers cousin, with whomhe
developed a mutual lifelong bond. He concluded hismemoirs with the
words he had often spoken as a child,Wait for me, Gabrielle.[73]In
1975 Renoir received a lifetime Academy Award forhis contribution
to the motion picture industry. That sameyear a retrospective of
his work was shown at the NationalFilmTheatre in London.[74] Also
in 1975, the governmentof France elevated him to the rank of
commander in theLgion d'honneur.[75]Jean Renoir died in Beverly
Hills, California on Febru-ary 12, 1979. His body was returned to
France andburied beside his family in the cemetery at Essoyes,
Aube,France.[76] He was survived by his son Alain and
threegrandchildren, John, Peter and Anne.6 LegacyOn his death,
fellow director and friend Orson Welleswrote an article for the Los
Angeles Times, entitled JeanRenoir: The Greatest of all
Directors.[77] Renoirs lmshavealsoinuencedmanyother directors,
includingSatyajit Ray,[78] ric Rohmer,[79] Luchino
Visconti,[80]Jean-Marie Straub and Danile Huillet,[81]Peter
Bog-danovich,[82]FranoisTruaut,[83]Robert Altman,[84]Errol
Morris[85] and Mike Leigh.[86]Jean Renoir has a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fameat 6212 Hollywood Blvd.[87] Several of his
ceramics werecollected by Albert Barnes, who was a major patron
andcollector of his father. They can be found on display be-neath
his fathers paintings at the Barnes Foundation
inPhiladelphia.[88]Renoirs son, Alain Renoir (1921-2008), became
aprofessor of English and comparative literature at theUniversity
of California at Berkeley and a scholar of me-dieval English
literature.7 Filmography1924: Backbiters (Catherine ou Une vie sans
Joie,also acted)1925: La Fille de l'eau1926: Nana1927: Charleston
Parade (Sur un air de charleston)1927: Une vie sans joie (second
version of Back-biters)1927: Marquitta1928: The Sad Sack
(Tire-au-anc)1928: The Tournament (Le Tournoi dans la cit)1928: The
Little Match Girl (La Petite Marchanded'allumettes)1929: Le
Bled1931: On purge bb1931: The Bitch (La Chienne)1932: Night at the
Crossroads (La Nuit du carrefour)1932: Boudu Saved from Drowning
(Boudu sauvdes eaux)1932: Chotard and Company (Chotard et Cie)1934:
Madame Bovary1935: Toni1936: A Day in the Country (Partie de
campagne,also acted, not released until 1946)1936: LifeBelongstoUs
(Lavieest nous, alsoacted)1936: The Lower Depths (Les Bas-fonds)4 9
AWARDS1936: The Crime of Monsieur Lange (Le Crime deMonsieur
Lange)1937: Grand Illusion (La Grande illusion)1938: La
Marseillaise1938: TheHumanBeast (LaBtehumaine,alsoacted)1939: The
Rules of the Game (La Rgle du jeu, alsoacted)1941: Swamp Water
(L'tang tragique)1943: This Land Is Mine (Vivre libre)1944: Salute
to France (Salut la France)1945: The Southerner (L'Homme du
sud)1945: TheDiaryofaChambermaid (LeJournald'une femme de
chambre)1947: The Woman on the Beach (La Femme sur laplage)1951:
The River (Le Fleuve)1953: The Golden Coach (Le Carrosse d'or)1954:
French Cancan1956: Elena and Her Men (Elena et les hommes)1959: The
Testament of Doctor Cordelier (Le Testa-ment du docteur
Cordelier)1959: Picnic on the Grass (Le Djeuner sur l'herbe)1962:
The Elusive Corporal (Le Caporal pingl)1969:
TheLittleTheatreofJeanRenoir (LePetitThtre de Jean Renoir)8
Selected writings1955: Orvet, Paris: Gallimard, play.1962: Renoir,
Paris: Hachette (Renoir, My Father),biography.1966: Les Cahiers du
Capitaine Georges, Paris: Gal-limard (The Notebooks of Captain
Georges), novel.1974: Ma Vie et mes Films, Paris: Flammarion
(MyLife and My Films), autobiography.1974: crits
1926-1971(ClaudeGauteur, ed.),Paris: Pierre Belfond, writings.1976:
Carola, in L'Avant-Scne du Thtre no.597, November 1, 1976,
screenplay.1978: Le Coeur l'aise, Paris: Flammarion, novel.1978
Julienne et son amour; suivi d'En avant Ros-alie!, Paris: Henri
Veyrier, screenplays.1979: Jean Renoir: Entretiens et propos (Jean
Nar-boni, ed.), Paris: ditions de l'toile/Cahiers duCinma,
interviews and remarks.1979: Lecrimedel'Anglais,Paris:
Flammarion,novel.1980: Genevive, Paris: Flammarion, novel.1981:
uvres de cinma indits (Claude Gauteur,ed.), Paris: Gallimard,
synopses and treatments.1984: Lettres d'Amrique (Dido Renoir &
Alexan-der Sesonske, eds.), Paris: Presses de la RenaissanceISBN
2-85616-287-8, correspondence.1989: RenoironRenoir: Interviews,
Essays, andRemarks (Carol Volk, tr.), Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity
Press.1994: Jean Renoir: Letters (David Thompson andLorraine
LoBianco, eds.), London: Faber & Faber,correspondence.9
AwardsPrix Louis Delluc, for Les Bas-Fonds (The LowerDepths),
1936[89]Chevalier de Lgion d'honneur, 1936[89]National Board of
Review, Top Ten Foreign Film,for The Lower Depths,
1937[90]International Jury Cup, Venice Film Festival, for LaGrande
Illusion, 1937[91]National Board of Review, Best Foreign
LanguageFilm, for La Grande Illusion, 1938[92]National Board of
Review, Top Ten Film and BestDirector, for The Southerner,
1945[93]Best Film, VeniceFestival, for The
Southerner,1946[94]National Board of Review, Top Ten Film, for
TheDiary of a Chambermaid, 1946[95]Venice FilmFestival:
International Award TheRiver, 1951[96]National Board of Review, Top
Five Foreign Films,for The River, 1951[97]Grand Prix de l'Academie
du Cinma forFrenchCancan, 1956[98]Selznick Golden Laurel Award for
lifetime work,Brazilian Film Festival, Rio de Janeiro,
1958[99]5Prix Charles Blanc, Acadmie franaise, for Renoir,My
Father, biography of father, 1963[100]Honorary Doctorate in Fine
Arts, University of Cal-ifornia, Berkeley, 1963[101]Fellow of the
American Academy of Arts and Sci-ences, 1964[101]Best European
Film(Bedste europiske lm), BodilAwards, for The Rules of the Game
(Spillets regler),1966[102]Osella d'Oro as a master of the cinema,
Venice Fes-tival, 1968[103]Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts, Royal
College ofArt, London, 1971[72]Honorary Academy Award for Career
Accomplish-ment, 1974[104]Commandeur de la Lgion d'honneur,
1975[75]Prix Goncourt de la Biographie, 201310 References[1] The
CriticsTop Ten Directors, Sight &Soundpoll[2002][2]
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2039967[3] My Life and My Films, p.
16[4] My Life and My Films, pp. 29, 282[5] Renoir, Jean. Renoir My
Father, Boston: Little, Brownand Company, 1962, pp. 417-419;
425-429[6] Durgnat, Raymond. Jean Renoir, Berkeley and Los
An-geles: University of California Press, 1974, pp. 27-28[7]
Renoir, Jean. My Life and My Films, NewYork:Atheneum, 1974, pp.
40-43[8] Renoir My Father, pp. 417-19.[9] My Life and My Films, pp.
47-48.[10] Memories by Jean Renoir, reprinted fromLePoint,XVIII,
December 1938 in Bazin, Andre. JeanRenoir,New York: Simon and
Schuster, 1973, pp. 151-152[11] Durgnat, p.29.The name of the lm
was Une Vie SansJoie or Catherine.[12] My Life and My Films, pp.
81-85[13] Durgnat, p. 64[14] Durgnat, p. 68[15] Durgnat, pp.
85-87[16] My Life and My Films, pp. 124-127[17] Durgnat, pp.
108-131[18] Bazin, Andre. Jean Renoir, New York: Simon and
Schus-ter, 1973, pp. 56-66[19] Durgnat, pp. 172-184[20] Durgnat, p.
185.[21] Gilliatt, Penelope. JeanRenoir: Essays,
Conversations,Reviews, New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1975,p.
59[22] Renoir, Jean. An Interview: Jean Renoir, Copenhagen:Green
Integer Books, 1998, p. 67[23] Volk, Carol. Renoir onRenoir:
Interviews, Essays andRemarks, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1989,p. 236[24] Durgnat, pp. 189-190[25] Durgnant, 191[26]
Faulkner, Christopher, Jean Renoir, a guide to referencesand
resources, Boston, Massachusetts: G.K. Hall & Com-pany, 1979,
p. 34[27] Gilliatt, p. 60[28][29] Take One: The First Annual
Village Voice Film Crit-ics Poll at the Wayback Machine (archived
August 26,2007). The Village Voice. 1999. Last accessed: 7
June2009.[30] Durgnat, p. 213.[31]
DavidThompsonandLorraineLoBianco(ed.) JeanRenoir: Letters, London:
Faber & Faber, 1994, p. 61[32] Jean Renoir: Letters, pp. 61,
64[33] My Life and My Films, pp. 175-176[34] Jean Renoir: Letters,
pp. 62-65.[35] Thompson and LoBianco, p. 65[36] My Life and My
Films, p. 177[37] Durgnat, p. 222.[38] Thompson and LoBianco, p.
87[39] Volk, pp. 10-30[40] Durgnat, pp. 234-236.[41] Thompson and
LoBianco, p. 183[42] Durgnat, p. 244[43] Bazin, p. 103[44] Session
Timeout - Academy Awards Database - AM-PAS.
Awardsdatabase.oscars.org. 2010-01-29. Re-trieved 2014-08-08.[45]
Thompson and LoBianco, pp. 165-169.6 11 EXTERNAL LINKS[46] Durgnat,
p. 252.[47] Durgnat, p. 261.[48] Durgnat, p. 259.[49] Volk, p.
24.[50] My Life and My Films, p. 247[51] Thompson and LoBianco, pp.
207, 270[52] Durgnat, pp. 273-274[53] Durgnat, pp. 273, 275-276[54]
Durgnat, p. 284[55] Durgnat, p. 400[56] Faulkner, pp. 33-34[57] My
Life and My Films, pp. 274-275[58] Renoir, Jean. Ecrits 1926-1971,
Paris: Pierre Belfond,1974, pp. 286-289[59] My Life and My Films,
p. 277[60] Ecrits 1926-1971, pp. 292-294[61] Bazin, p. 300-301[62]
Durgnat, pp. 357-367.[63] Bazin, pp. 301-4[64] Durgnat, pp.
368-372[65] Durgnat, p. 373[66] Faulkner, pp. 37-38[67] Thompson
and LoBianco, p. 455, 463[68] Bazin, p. 306[69] My Life and My
Films, pp. 277-278.[70] Rohmer, Eric. "Notes sur Le Petit thtre de
Jean Renoir",in Cinema 79 No. 244, April 1979, pp. 20-24[71]
Thompson and LoBianco, pp. 509-553[72] Faulkner, p. 40[73] My Life
and My Films, p. 282[74] Faulkner, pp. 40-41[75] An Interview: Jean
Renoir, p. 18[76] Thompson and LoBianco, p. 555[77] Welles, Orson.
The Orson Welles Web Resource, 1979.Last accessed: January 4,
2008.[78] Encounter With Jean Renoir. satyajitray.org. RetrievedMay
14, 2013.[79] The Human Comedies of Eric Rohmer. Retrieved May14,
2013.[80] Jean Renoir: interviews. Retrieved May 14, 2013.[81]
Landscapes of Resistance: The German Films of DanileHuillet and
Jean-Marie Straub. Retrieved May 14, 2013.[82] Peter Bogdanovich
Talks Roger Corman,Other Inu-ences. yahoo.com. Retrieved May 14,
2013.[83] Truauts Last Interview. newyorker.com. RetrievedMay 14,
2013.[84] Robert Altman talks to Michael Billington.
London:guardian.co.uk. 2 February 2006. Retrieved May 14,2013.[85]
The Tawdry Gruesomeness of Reality, ErrolMorrs.Retrieved May 14,
2013.[86] The Films of Mike Leigh. Retrieved May 14, 2013.[87] Walk
of Fame directory at the ocial website[88] My Life and My Films,
page 230.[89] Faulkner, page 16.[90][91] Faulkner, page
18.[92][93][94] Faulkner, page 28.[95][96] Faulkner, page
31.[97][98] Faulkner, page 33.[99] Faulkner, page 34.[100]
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39.[104] Session Timeout - Academy Awards Database - AM-PAS.
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External linksJean Renoir at the Internet Movie DatabaseJean
Renoir: A Bibliography of Materials in theUniversity of California
at Berkeley Library.Interviewconducted in 1960 with Columbia
Univer-sitys Oral History Research Oce.Je mappelle Jean Renoir.
Site at the University ofNancy, France. (In French)7Faulkner,
Christopher. "An Archive of the (Polit-ical)
Unconscious"CanadianJournal ofCommu-nication[Online],
261Jan2001analysisofRenoirs FBI les.Jean Renoir at Find a Grave8 12
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