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JATROPHA PRODUCTIONIN THE
CENTRAL REGION OF THAILAND
Muchjajib, S., Muchjajib, U
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi
(RMUTSB)
Ayutthaya, Thailand
South East AsiaLocation Latitude : 5°37´ - 20°25´ 30˝ N
Longitude : 97°22´ - 105°37´ 30˝ E
THAILAND
Thailand
Ayutthaya
Ayutthaya - World Heritage
Ayutthaya Climatic Condition
Min Max Mean
Temperature (°C) 17 36 27
Relative Humidity (%) 53 93 76
Rainfall (mm) 1164 mm/year
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnbhumi (RMUTSB)
4 Campuses :
� Huntra
� Wasukri
� Suphanburi
� Nonthaburi
Thailand sets a biodiesel comsumption target of 8.5 million litres per day by the year 2012.
Jatropha curcas L.Physic nutPurging nut
• Brought to Thailand 200 years ago� Soap� Lantern in the WWI, WWII� Live Fence� Medicinal Plant
Materials and Method
• Experiments
� 1. Varieties: 9 selected varieties
� 3. Pruning: 5 Treatments
� 2. Fertilizers:9 Treatments
October 2006 – February 2009
• Duration
Plot Experiment
�Clayey soil
�Spacing 2 x 2 m
�Fertilizer 16 – 16 – 16, 300 kgha-1
Results and Discussion
Table 1 Yield component and yield production of Jatropha
accessions in Ayutthaya, Thailand
Accession inflorescences/plant
fruits/inflorescence
Seeds/fruit
Seed Weigtht(g)
at 8% smcYield (t.ha -1)
2007 2008 2007 2008
Chiangmai 80.40 ab 9.25 2.95 0.54 0.61 2.99 a 2.83 a
KhonKaen 25.80 d 7.90 2.81 0.52 0.55 0.79 c 1.56 c
Korat 89.25 a 9.19 2.95 0.54 0.58 2.89 a 3.14 a
Lopburi 24.43 d 8.95 2.91 0.54 0.61 0.78 c 1.60 c
Saraburi 61.94 bc 8.83 2.95 0.55 0.50 2.15 b 1.86 bc
Suphanburi 53.24 c 8.79 2.87 0.52 0.55 1.69 b 1.71 bc
Camb 24.89 d 8.50 2.80 0.51 0.62 0.71 c 2.03 b
Ind 26.60 d 8.46 2.90 0.51 0.62 0.86 c 1.81 bc
La 67.46 bc 8.65 2.85 0.50 0.56 2.09 b 2.10 b
F-test ** ns ns ns ns ** **
CV (%) 30.91 3.53 4.29 9.33 15.59 40.09 22.61
� Korat accession 3.14 tha-1
� Chiangmai accession 2.83 tha-1
Yield Production
Pruning
� 2 branches in each level
� 4 branches in each level
� 3 branches in each level
� 5 branches in each level
� No pruning
Table 2 Effect of pruning on growth and yield of Jatropha
Pruning Hight(cm.)
Øcanopy(cm)
Light intensity (Lux)Yield(t.ta -1)Inside conopy outside
No pruning 247.67 b 1.74 b 17908.33 c 4254.13 1.45 d
2 branches each level 246.17 b 2.05 ab 17684.38 c 40514.63 2.16 c
3 branches each level 231.50 b 2.45 a 15343.75 bc 39282.88 3.05 a
4 branches each level 227.08 b 2.56 a 12512.50 ab 39277.13 2.82 ab
5 branches each level 199.83 a 2.55 a 11237.50 a 4 0192.75 2.41 bc
F-test ** ** ** ns **
CV (%) 6.62 6.15 26.21 3.39 23.39
The treatment of 3 branches in each level gave highest
yield at 3.05 tha -1
� manure 2000 kgha-1/year
� 46 – 0 - 0, 0 – 46 - 0, 0 – 0 - 60,
16 – 16 - 16 24 – 24 - 12,
12 – 24 - 12, 16 – 16 - 0
[300 kgha-1/year]
Fertilizer application
Table 3 Effect of manure and different formulae of chemical
fertilizer on seed yield of Jatropha
N-P-K inflorescences/
plant
fruits/inflorescence
Seed Weigtht(g)
smc 8%
Yield (t.ha -1) Chl total
None 10.42 d 3.72 c 0.54 0.33 d 6.09 c
manure 13.81 d 4.29 c 0.64 1.43 b 9.69 ab
46-0-0 74.50 a 8.73 a 0.65 2.81 a 6.90 c
0-46-0 23.83 cd 6.37 b 0.54 0.98 bc 9.85 ab
0-0-60 37.50 c 6.03 b 0.54 0.79 cd 6.99 c
16-16-16 70.67 a 8.24 a 0.62 2.47 a 10.48 ab
24-24-12 81.17 a 9.04 a 0.65 2.83 a 11.60 a
12-24-12 55.50 b 7.85 a 0.68 2.42 a 11.79 a
16-16-0 69.00 ab 7.84 a 0.69 2.45 a 10.48 ab
F-test ** ** ns ** **
CV (%) 28.45 18.75 12.11 34.73 14.46
Low cost fertilizer :
urea (46 – 0 - 0) gave 2.81 tha-1
vs
2.83 tha-1 from 24 -24 - 12
Recommendation
Soil Analysis
pHType of soil om P 2O5 K2O Ca Mg
sand silt clay (%) mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
year 2007 5.3 19 23 58 2.1 18 190 3000 520
year 2008 5.8 20 20 60 2.5 17 230 4000 620
Note : In 2008 the N P K were higher than in 2007
Bare-root Transplanting Technique to be convenient
when transporting
Table 4 Growth performance of bare–root seedling after
transplanting
Storage Period
Sprouting(day)
No of shoots after
30 day
No of leaves /shoot30 day
Viability(%)
1 day 9.20 4.00 4.91 98
1 month 5.60 8.60 4.93 99
2 months 3.80 10.20 5.00 99
3 months 4.00 9.10 4.95 98
5 months 4.60 2.80 2.03 69
7 months - - - -
Not longer than 3 months of storage period under ambient
atmosphere gave good performance of seedling
establishment
Cost & Income
Table 5 Cost and income of Jatropha production in Thailand
(USD/ha-1)
Year1 2 3 4 5
Seedling 735Plantation 643Org. fert. 460 276 276 276 276Chemical fert. 184 184 184 184 184Weed Control 92 92 92 92 92Insecticide 55 55 55 55 55Labour 643 368 368 368 368Expense ha-1 2812 975 975 975 975Expense not include labour
2169 607 607 607 607
0.16 USDkg-1
with minimum seed yield 3.75 tha-1
giving 0.9 ton of Jatropha oil
Break-even price
� 1. Varietal Trial : Korat, Chiangmai
� 3. Pruning : 3 Branches
� 2. Fertilizer Trial : urea (46 - 0 – 0)
Conclusions
Jatropha accessions
Inflorescence
Immature green
Mature Green
Ready to harvest
Husk Seed
High yielding plant
Fertilizer experiment
+ 46 – 0 - 0
Bare root Transplanting Technique
germination
1 day of storage period
1 month of storage period
2 months of storage period
5 months of storage period
7 months of storage period
Growth and Development of Bare root seedling