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Traffic Management &Work Zone Safety
Jason Spilak, FHWAPeter Amakobe Atepe
Tom NotbohmWisDOT Bureau of Highway Operations
Contractor – Engineer Conference
January 20, 2010
Traffic Management &Work Zone Safety
ARRA Work Zone ReviewsTransportation Management Plan (TMP) Process ReviewsWork Zone Pedestrian AccommodationNight Work Zone Lighting SpecificationOversize/Overweight Load Permitting & Lane Closure System Notification
Traffic Management &Work Zone Safety
Work Zone TrainingStrategic Highway Safety Plan and Work Zone Advisory Group Action Plan UpdateManual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) Update
FHWA 2009 ARRA Work Zone Traffic Control Focus Reviews
WTBA-WisDOT ConferenceJanuary 20, 2010Traffic Management / Work Zone Safety
FHWA - Jason P. Spilak, PE & Bill Bremer, PE
Scope & Purpose
Evaluate the overall quality and effectiveness of work zone traffic control on WisDOT ARRA projects.FHWA and WisDOT engineers conducted in-depth work zone field reviews on 28 projects.Supplemented by other Division staff during routine project oversight reviews. Full range of project types from freeway reconstruction to local bridge replacements.
Examples of traffic control layouts observed in accordance with design standards and devices complying with specifications
Biggest Statewide Problem - Poor Quality of Old 10’ Long Temporary
Concrete Barriers
Inappropriate Use and Installation of 10’ Temporary Concrete Barriers
Resolution to Serious Problem with Temporary Concrete Barriers
Due to significant concern on lack of ability to inspect steel pins passing through both top and bottom sets of wire rope loops to ensure integrity of joints, and overall poor quality of older barriers reviewed, FHWA recommended elimination on high speed situations of 10’ barriers.WisDOT concurred in FHWA finding that all use of old 10’ barriers must be eliminated on high speed roadways for new projects starting in 2010.
Temporary Concrete Barrier Special Provision Created for All Contracts Let Starting in November
2009
Under the Concrete Barrier Temporary bid items, use 12.5-foot concrete barrier. The engineer will allow 10-foot barrier in locations meeting both of the following:- Anchoring, as specified in the plan details, is not required.- The posted speed is less than or equal to 40 mph.
Findings & Conclusions
General conclusion is that overall work zone traffic control practices and condition of devices continues to improve over past years but issues (mostly isolated) continue to be observed.General conclusion is that when WisDOT & consultant inspection staff and prime contractor & traffic control sub work together, a high quality work zone safety product is achieved.
Other Issues Primarily Involved Quality of Work Zone Traffic Control Devices on some projects and situations
WisDOT Standard Specs 643.2.1(1) requires work zone devices conform to the MUTCD and are in acceptable condition as measured using ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices & Features when project is started.Replace devices the Guide defines as unacceptable at any time through the life of the project. Maintain devices on the project at or above marginal as defined by the Guide using techniques described in the WisDOT spec.
Finding & Resolution to Quality Issues
Reviews found that many inspection staff did not have a copy of the ATSSA Guide available for use to inspect when project started.FHWA has arranged for the purchase of an adequate quantity of the ATSSA Guides for all 2010 project leaders and inspectors.
Plans for ARRA Phase II Work Zone Reviews in 2010
A Focus Review will be on the effectiveness of Transportation Management Plans for ensuring mobility and safety in work zones on ARRA projects.Review and inspection of work zone plans and devices will continue to be a routine part of on-going ARRA field reviews.
Work Zone Process ReviewTransportation Management Plan
Findings:Decisions made early on most projectsStake holders are involved in processMeet regularly to discuss impacts on OSOWPublic outreach helps mitigate delayTraffic Control Devices are marginalFlagger training is still an issueNighttime TC reviews are rarely conducted
Work Zone Process ReviewTransportation Management Plan
Findings Cont.:Contractors are not aware of the requirements in the TMPChain of Communication is not clearly definedNeed for reference to TMP in contract documentsLane closure need to be in specialsGuidance for amendment to TMP
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
Guidance will address:Planning ElementsDesign ElementsConsiderations in the field
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
Planning Elements:Determine TTC Impacts on peds
Schools, Senior centers Shopping areas Transit stops etc.
Determine the level of accessibility neededMinimize conflictsAddress ADAOutreach to the community
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
Design Elements:Provide pedestrian informationEnsure compliance with ADAMaintain continuous accessible pathProvide TTC details for peds.
Advance signage at intersectionAdvance Warning
Avoid conflict with construction equipment
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
During Construction in the fieldAdvance warningAdvance signage at intersectionMinimize ped and equipment interactionMaintaining pathways
Sign reflectivityPath is clear of debris and other hazards
Sidewalk detours/ClosuresProvide access.
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
Work Zone Traffic ControlPedestrian Accommodation
Work Zone Traffic ControlNighttime Work Lighting
• Developed pilot Special Provision• Lighting layout (light placement, mounting
height)• Glare control• Light level and uniformity• Aiming of fixtures
Traffic Management &Work Zone Safety
Oversize/Overweight LoadsSigning for width/height restrictionsNotification needs for closures & restrictions
Oversize/Overweight Loads
Install width/height restriction warning signs if:
Available width is less than or equal to 16 feet (show actual width minus approx. 1 foot on sign)Available height reduced during construction (falsework, etc.) – allow 3-inch shy distance/tolerance on
Review of alternate routes
Wisconsin Lane ClosurePlanning System (LCS)
Web-based system for tracking closures and restrictions Notification needs – required for proper Oversize/Overweight permit issuance
Wisconsin Lane ClosurePlanning System (LCS)
Timeframes14 days – Project start, full roadway closure, or restriction of width, height, weight7 days - System ramp closure3 days – Lane and service ramp closure
Project Special Provisions
Work Zone Traffic Training
UW Transportation Information Center (TIC) Work Zone and Flagger SafetyWisDOT Work Zone TrainingFlagger Training – identify common objectives
UW TIC Work Zone and Flagger Safety Training
http://tic.engr.wisc.edu/Workshops/Listing.lassoMarch 23 – BarneveldMarch 24 – WaukeshaMarch 30 – TomahMarch 31 – Stevens PointApril 1 – DePereApril 6 – Eau ClaireApril 7 – HaywardApril 8 - Tomahawk
WisDOT Work Zone Training
March 2010 – Dates & locations to be determinedModules for construction, design, and work zone traffic analysis
Work zone traffic control plan/device implementationOversize/overweight loadsLane closure system and analysisWork zone TMP process review outcomesMitigation strategies & best practicesTemporary concrete barrier placement
Flagger Training
Identify common training objectivesEquipmentAdvance warning signingSignaling proceduresVisibility and positioningAppropriate flagging operation scenarios
Traffic Management &Work Zone Safety
Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) & Work Zone Advisory Group Action Plan
Work zone crash/data analysisAlternative project execution strategiesLaw enforcement training/resourcesWork zone automated speed enforcementWork zone public awareness
SHSP & Work Zone Advisory Group Action Plan
Work zone crash/data analysisReview broad statistics on number of work zone crashes and fatalitiesIdentify common crash types and causesDetermine potential solutions
SHSP & Work Zone Advisory Group Action Plan
Alternative project execution strategiesCA4PRS software pilotAnalyze multiple staging alternatives for project duration, production rates and all associated costs
SHSP & Work Zone Advisory Group Action Plan
Law enforcement training/resourcesWork zone traffic control layouts and devicesEnforcement mitigation contracts, agreements and contingencies
SHSP & Work Zone Advisory Group Action Plan
Work zone automated speed enforcementCurrently prohibited by statutesSome form of automated enforcement in at least 13 statesEvidence of reductions in high speeds and injury crashes
SHSP & Work Zone Advisory Group Action Plan
Work zone public awarenessNational Work Zone Awareness Week media eventWisconsin Broadcasters Association spotsWKOW-TV announcementsBrewers radio network
Revisions to MUTCD Part 6 – Temporary Traffic Control
Guidance on lengths of short tapers and downstream tapers
Minimum length for one-lane, two-way traffic taper added to Table 6C-3
Type of Taper Taper Length
Merging Taper at least L
Shifting Taper at least 0.5 L
Shoulder Taper at least 0.33 L
One-Lane, Two-Way Traffic Taper 50 feet minimum, 100 feet maximum
Downstream Taper 100 feet per lane
High-visibility safety apparel
- Required for all workers within the public right of way
- Applies to all roads, not just those on the Federal-aid system
- Option for law enforcement and first responders to use new ANSI “public safety vests”
- Firefighters and law enforcement are exempted from the requirement under certain conditions
- December 31, 2011 compliance date
Automated flagger assistance device (AFAD)
Type 1: STOP/SLOW paddle AFAD
Type 2: Red/yellow lens AFAD
Flaggers shall use a paddle, flag, or AFAD, not just hand signals
Paddles should be placed on a rigid staff, high enough to be seen by approaching or stopped traffic
Clarified OPTION for self-regulating traffic movement through a one-lane, 2-way constriction - If work space is short (adequate sight distance)- If on a low-volume street
Two flaggers should be used for a one-lane, 2-way constriction unless TTC zone is short enough for the flagger to see from one end to the other
New optional and recommended signs and plaques to accompany Speed Limit signs in TTC zones
R2-6aP
G20-5aP
R2-1
R2-10 R2-11R2-12
Center Lane Closed Ahead symbol sign has been removed from the MUTCD
New sign to warn road users of a change in the traffic pattern
New symbol sign and supplemental plaque for shoulder drop-off
Temporary lane separators and temporary raised islands
Temporary Markings
Delineate path through the TTC zone when the permanent markings are either removed or obliterated during the work activities.Should not be left in place longer than 14 daysSome allowable exceptions to normal longitudinal markings requirements
Preemption of temporary signals in TTC zones
Black and orange are acceptable colors for transverse rumble strips in TTC zones
Typical application (TA) drawings
Except for the TA “Notes,” information in the TA drawings can generally be regarded as GuidanceTA 4 – stationary signs may be omitted for mobile work if the work vehicle displays high-intensity strobe lightsTA 7 – ROAD CLOSED sign eliminatedTA 16 – lanes should be at least 10 feet wide
TAs with freeway lane closures
- TAs 37, 38, 39, 42, and 44- Arrow board shall be used for
all freeway lane closures - Separate arrow board shall be
used for each closed lane for multi-lane closures