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Jasminum sp as Refuge and Forage Plant for Gastropods

S. Onkara Naik, M. JayashankarDivision of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research,

Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore

Abstract – The Observations during Kharif 2013 on

jasmine (Jasminum sambac and J. multiflorum

half acre plots each at Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru North

Taluk, Bengaluru Urban District is reported

multiflorum plants probed, C. bistrialis was recorded on 24

plants, C. semirugata on 9 and A.fulica on one plant. Of the

seven J. sambac plants counted seven C. semirugata

R. punctata were counted, the highest number of the former

was 3 and the latter 2 per plant. The aggregation of

gastropods was high in J. multiflorum compared to

this was reflected in the foliar damage of 30% in the former

and up to 5% in the latter.

Keywords – Refuge, Forage Plant, Gastropods

I. INTRODUCTION

Pestiferous snails and slugs cause serious economic

damage if established and have been regarded as the

second greatest threat to biodiversity, next only to habitat

loss (Barrett and Richardson, 1986; Hausdorf, 2002).

Endemic malacofauna are reported to co

pest complex, along with Achatina fulica

Raut and Ghose (1984) reported that the dispersal,

distribution and survival of pestiferous snails were

influenced by local environment in different parts of India.

According to Raut and Ghose (1984), nearly 90% of the

plants cultivated in India are acceptable to

Macrochlamys indica, 70% to Ariophanta solata,

Cryptozona semirugata, C. bistrialis and 80% to

monticola causing considerable economic hardship to the

growers particularly in the areas with a rather heavy snail

population. C. semirugata is reported as a horticultural

pest in different parts of India viz., Giraddi

have reported it causing damage to capsicum, sunflower,

okra, soyabean, cotton and groundnut seedlings.

(1999) recorded incidence of C. semirugata

during September and October in 1998 on

inerme, Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis

melongena, Luffa acutangula, Trigonella foenum

graecum, tomatoes, chillies and Tagetes ere

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Balikai (2008, 2009) reported it on

palak, aubergine, methi, ridge gourd, tomato, potato, chilli

marigold and Ziziphus mauritiana. Avhad

recorded Rachis punctatus as pest on mulberry plant.

Jasmine known as “Queen of the Night

oldest fragrant flowers cultivated by man for its

purposes viz., making garlands, bouquet, decoration

religious offering etc. The present report

incidence and foliage damage caused by two endemic

snails on Jasmine plants in Bengaluru, Karnataka and also

using the plants a s refuge. Thorough literature survey

revealed lack of information on incidence of gastropods on

Jasmine, hence the present observations were undertaken.


724

International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research

Volume 3, Issue 3, ISSN (Online) 2319

s Refuge and Forage Plant for Gastropods

M. Jayashankar, V. Sridhar and A. K. Chakravarthy*Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research,

Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089, Karnataka

*Email: [email protected]

The Observations during Kharif 2013 on

Jasminum sambac and J. multiflorum) cultivated in

half acre plots each at Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru North

is reported. Of the 43 J

was recorded on 24

on one plant. Of the

C. semirugata and three

were counted, the highest number of the former

was 3 and the latter 2 per plant. The aggregation of

compared to J. sambac,

this was reflected in the foliar damage of 30% in the former

Refuge, Forage Plant, Gastropods, Jasmine.

NTRODUCTION

Pestiferous snails and slugs cause serious economic

damage if established and have been regarded as the

second greatest threat to biodiversity, next only to habitat

loss (Barrett and Richardson, 1986; Hausdorf, 2002).

Endemic malacofauna are reported to co-exist and form a

fulica (Mead, 1961).

Raut and Ghose (1984) reported that the dispersal,

distribution and survival of pestiferous snails were

influenced by local environment in different parts of India.

According to Raut and Ghose (1984), nearly 90% of the

ndia are acceptable to A. fulica and

Ariophanta solata,

and 80% to Bensonia

causing considerable economic hardship to the

growers particularly in the areas with a rather heavy snail

is reported as a horticultural

Giraddi et al. (1996)

apsicum, sunflower,

okra, soyabean, cotton and groundnut seedlings. Balikai

C. semirugata in Karnataka,

during September and October in 1998 on Clerodendrum

bengalensis, Solanum

Trigonella foenum-

Tagetes erecta and

Balikai (2008, 2009) reported it on

alak, aubergine, methi, ridge gourd, tomato, potato, chilli

Avhad et al. (2013)

as pest on mulberry plant.

Queen of the Night” is one of the

rant flowers cultivated by man for its multiple

ng garlands, bouquet, decoration,

The present report details the

incidence and foliage damage caused by two endemic

plants in Bengaluru, Karnataka and also

using the plants a s refuge. Thorough literature survey

revealed lack of information on incidence of gastropods on

Jasmine, hence the present observations were undertaken.

II. MATERIALS AND

The Observations were made during Khar

jasmine (Jasminum sambac and J. multif

in half acre plots each at Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru North

Taluk, Bengaluru Urban District.

visual observations a detailed count was undertaken to

quantify the damage and number of gastropods on each

plant.

III. RESULTS AND

Of the 43 J .multiflorum plants

(Figure 1) was recorded on 24 plants,

(Figure 2) on 9 and A.fulica on one plant

seven J. sambac plants counted seven

three R. punctata were counted, the highest number of the

former was 3 and the latter 2 per plant.

gastropods was high in J. multiflorum

sambac, this was reflected in the foliar damage

the former and up to 5% in the latter.

collected were carefully transferred to laboratory to record

their morphometry, C. semirugata

for C. bistralis (N= 40) (Table 2).

In addition to the foliar damage caused by the

gastropods, leaf webber (Nausinoe geometralis

was also recorded. Eriophyid mite

causing velvet like hairy growth on the leaf surface

tender stems was observed. Damage to buds by

Budworm (Hendecasis duplifascialis

during the observation period.

The mucus trails on plant surface

adjacent plots thus indicating the movement of the

gastropods to the neighboring plots and thereby choosing

jasmine as a resting/ refuge plant.

the conversion of plant matter (often in the form of algae,

fungi, or plant detritus) into animal material. Thus,

constitute an important trophic level as food to

carnivorous or omnivorous fauna in natural and cultivated

ecosystems. Occasionally, snails and slugs feed on higher

plants, becoming pests of crop and ornamental plan

the present observations three endemic snails (

C. semirugata and R. punctatus

snail, A. fulica are reported on Jasmine plants. Due to this

composite incidence of native and invasive species,

knowledge of behavioral differences between invasive and

native species will be crucial for a better understanding of

the mechanisms underlying invasion success and to predict

the spread of invasive species. Additionally such pivotal

information would throw light on the impa

species on native gastropods as well.

Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) :

Received : 28/10/2014 | Accepted on : 07/11

Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research

, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473

s Refuge and Forage Plant for Gastropods

Chakravarthy* Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research,

ATERIALS AND METHODS

rvations were made during Kharif 2013 on

Jasminum sambac and J. multiflorum) cultivated

at Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru North

Taluk, Bengaluru Urban District. Based on preliminary

visual observations a detailed count was undertaken to

quantify the damage and number of gastropods on each

ESULTS AND DISCUSSION

plants probed, C. bistrialis

was recorded on 24 plants, C. semirugata

on one plant (Figure 3). Of the

plants counted seven C. semirugata and

were counted, the highest number of the

former was 3 and the latter 2 per plant. The aggregation of

J. multiflorum compared to J.

, this was reflected in the foliar damage of 30% in

5% in the latter. The gastropods

collected were carefully transferred to laboratory to record

C. semirugata (N= 12) (Table 1) and

(N= 40) (Table 2).

In addition to the foliar damage caused by the

Nausinoe geometralis) damage

Eriophyid mite (Aceria jasmine)

hairy growth on the leaf surface and

tender stems was observed. Damage to buds by

Hendecasis duplifascialis) was also intense

on plant surface were traced to

adjacent plots thus indicating the movement of the

gastropods to the neighboring plots and thereby choosing

resting/ refuge plant. Snails are important in

the conversion of plant matter (often in the form of algae,

nt detritus) into animal material. Thus,

constitute an important trophic level as food to

carnivorous or omnivorous fauna in natural and cultivated

ecosystems. Occasionally, snails and slugs feed on higher

plants, becoming pests of crop and ornamental plants. In

the present observations three endemic snails (C. bistrialis,

R. punctatus) and an invasive global

are reported on Jasmine plants. Due to this

composite incidence of native and invasive species,

oral differences between invasive and

native species will be crucial for a better understanding of

the mechanisms underlying invasion success and to predict

the spread of invasive species. Additionally such pivotal

information would throw light on the impact of invasive

species on native gastropods as well.

Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) :

1/2014 | Published : 11/11/2014


IV. CONCLUSION

The present observations are a first record of the

gastropods on two different species of the ornamental

plant jasmine (Jasminum sambac and J. multiflorum

Fig.1. C. bistrialis on J. multiflorum

Fig.3. Incidence of gastropod species on

Table 1: Descriptive statistics of

Length (mm)

Width (mm)

Aperture length (mm)

Aperture width

Live weight

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 3 5 7 9 11

No. of

snail

s


725



The present observations are a first record of the

two different species of the ornamental

Jasminum sambac and J. multiflorum) from

the region. Future studies incorporating host diversity and

availability will enable concerned authorities to initiate

suitable management measures in the aftermath of

excessive breach of ETL’s.

C. bistrialis on J. multiflorum. Fig.2. C. semirugata on J. multiflorum

Fig.3. Incidence of gastropod species on J. multiflorum

Descriptive statistics of C. semirugata sample (N=12).

Minimum Maximum Mean± SD

10.10 16.44 14.0267 ±1.71847

13.33 20.78 18.4483±2.08491

7.89 10.92 8.9450±.94073

8.18 12.08 9.5800±1.24277

.82 1.95 1.3758±.35697

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

No. of host plants

CB AF CS



Future studies incorporating host diversity and

availability will enable concerned authorities to initiate

suitable management measures in the aftermath of

J. multiflorum

Mean± SD

14.0267 ±1.71847

18.4483±2.08491

8.9450±.94073

9.5800±1.24277

1.3758±.35697

35 37 39 41 43


Table 2: Descriptive statistics of

Length

Width

Aperture Length

Aperture Width

Live Weight

REFERENCES [1] Avhad, S. B. Shinde, K. S. Hiware, C. J.

molluscan pests in mulberry gardens in Aurangabad district of

Maharashtra State, India. Indian Journal of Sericulture;.

52(1):29-33.

[2] Balikai, R. A. 1999. Incidence of snail, Cryptozona semirugata

(Beck) on some horticultural crops in North

Management in Horticultural Ecosystems. 5(1):70

[3] Balikai, R. A. 2008. Potential of snails as crop pests in Northern

dry zone of Karnataka. International Journal of Agricultural

Sciences. 4(1):394-396

[4] Balikai, R. A. 2009. Insect pest status of ber (

mauritiana Lamarck) in India and their management strategies

Acta Horticulturae. (840):461-474.

[5] Barrett, S. C. H. and Richardson, G. J. 1986.Genetic attributes of

invading species. In Groves, R.H and Burdon, J.J (eds) Ecology

of biological Invasions: An Australian perspective Australian

academy of science. Canberra, 21-33.

[6] Giraddi, R. S. Kulkarni, K. A. Manjunath, M. 1996. Outbreak

of snail, Cryptozona semirugata (Beck) on field crops.

Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences

[7] Hausdorf, B. 2002. Introduced land snails and slugs in

Colombia. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 68: 127

[8] Mead, A.R. 1961. The Giant African Snail.

Chicago Press, 257.

[9] Raut, S.K. and Ghose, K.C. 1984. Pestiferous Land Snails of

India, Z.S.I. Tech. Monog. 11: 151. Zoological

Calcutta.


726



Descriptive statistics of C. bistrialis sample (N=40).

Minimum Maximum Mean± SD

9.36 16.75 13.1380±1.90223

11.33 27.73 21.1188±4.19041

6.98 27.23 12.5530±4.58378

7.40 17.27 12.1836±2.34300

.66 6.45 3.3640± 1.7203

Avhad, S. B. Shinde, K. S. Hiware, C. J. 2013. Record of

molluscan pests in mulberry gardens in Aurangabad district of

Maharashtra State, India. Indian Journal of Sericulture;.

Cryptozona semirugata

(Beck) on some horticultural crops in Northern Karnataka. Pest

. 5(1):70-71.

Balikai, R. A. 2008. Potential of snails as crop pests in Northern

International Journal of Agricultural

status of ber (Ziziphus

Lamarck) in India and their management strategies.

Barrett, S. C. H. and Richardson, G. J. 1986.Genetic attributes of

invading species. In Groves, R.H and Burdon, J.J (eds) Ecology

biological Invasions: An Australian perspective Australian

Giraddi, R. S. Kulkarni, K. A. Manjunath, M. 1996. Outbreak

(Beck) on field crops.

Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 9(3):533-534.

Hausdorf, B. 2002. Introduced land snails and slugs in

68: 127-131.

Mead, A.R. 1961. The Giant African Snail. The University of

Raut, S.K. and Ghose, K.C. 1984. Pestiferous Land Snails of

11: 151. Zoological Survey of India,



Mean± SD

13.1380±1.90223

21.1188±4.19041

12.5530±4.58378

12.1836±2.34300

1.7203

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Jasminum sp as Refuge and Forage Plant for Gastropodsijair.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/... · Jasminum sp as Refuge and Forage Plant for Gastropods S. Onkara