Japan’s contributions on REDD-plus implementation

Activities of

REDD Research and Development Center, FFPRI

Dr. Mitsuo Matsumoto

Director General, Hokkaido Research Center

(Former Director of REDD Research and Development Center)

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)

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2016.7.15

REDD-plus Symposium

REDD+

• REDD+ （REDD-plus）

– Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest

Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable

management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon

stocks in Developing countries

• REDD: Activities for reducing emissions from

deforestation and forest degradation

• +: Activities for maintaining and increasing forest

carbon stocks

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History to REDD+ in UNFCCC • COP11, Montreal, 2005

– PNG and and Costa Rica proposed “Avoiding deforestation”

• COP13, Bali, 2007

– REDD was listed in Bali Roadmap

• COP14, Posnan, 2008 – REDD became REDD+

• COP15, Copenhagen, 2009 – Copenhagen accords show the needs of a new mechanism of REDD+

• COP16, Cancun, 2010 – Cancun agreement outlines a framework of REDD-Plus and shows a set of clear guidelines

and a work plan for the coming year.

• COP17, Durban, 2011 – Durban accords decides to launch a process for a new protocol from 2020

• COP18, Doha, 2012 – Discussion on modalities of National Forest Monitoring System and MRV

• COP19, Warsaw, 2013

– The Warsaw framework for REDD+

• COP20, Lima, 2014

– Lima information hub for REDD+

• COP21, Paris, 2015

– Paris Agreements

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Activities of REDD R&D Center

• REDD R&D Center was established at FFPRI in July 2010.

• It carries out research and development on REDD+ and provides related entities with technical supports.

• The goal of the Center is to contribute building a society balancing sound forests and regional development and conserving global environment through REDD+ activities.

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Research and Development

• Development of NFMS and MRV systems

– Remote sensing

– Ground-based inventory and Allometory equations

– in Cambodia, Myanmar, Peru, Malaysia, Paraguay

• Socio-economic analysis

– Driver analysis, Safeguards

– in Myanmar, Cambodia, Malaysia

• Publishing technical manuals and guidelines/guidance

– REDD–plus Cookbook & Annex Research Manuals

– Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus (Voluntarily developed)

– Safeguards Guidebook and Safeguard Approaches

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On-going in underlined countries

Points for MRV

• We developed a standard procedure for forest carbon monitoring

for REDD+

• Removing clouds in satellite images of rain forests and seasonality

(phenology) of deciduous forests are important for large scale

forest maps.

• Repeating carbon stock survey at permanent sample plots is a key

• Allometry equations are useful for carbon stock survey.

• Combination of forest maps and carbon stock gives forest carbon

stocks

• We recommend to use “Stock Change Method” for estimation of

emission/removals in forests.

• Changes of carbon stocks in forests means removal/emission of

carbon

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Field survey Remote sensing

Total carbon stock = Σ ( Forest areai x Mean carbon stocki )

Mean carbon stock i Forest area i

Image

classification

Verification

Plot survey

Allometry

Procedure of Forest carbon monitoring for REDD+

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Decision of

forest classes (Example)

Evergreen

Deciduous

Others e.g. Rubber, Mangrove

Land use changes in Peninsular Malaysia

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Carbon Stock Changes in Cambodia

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270 MgC ha-1

0 MgC ha-1

Period 1: 1990-92 Period 2: 1995-96

Period 3: 2002-3 Period 4: 2006-9

C sto

ck

change

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1-2期 2-3期 3-4期

西部 東部

Period 1-2 2- 3 3-4

West East

How to estimate carbon stocks in forests

• Applying Permanent Sampling Plots (PSPs)

• Estimating biomass using allometry equations

• Appropriate forest type classifications for

reduction of uncertainty

• Estimating carbon stock changes with repeated

measurements

Cambodia

Evergreen forests

(including Semi-evergreen forests)

Deciduous forests

Malaysia

Lowland dipterocarp forests

Hill dipterocarp forests

Example of forest type classifications

Developing new allometry equations

Destructive sampling in Cambodia Destructive sampling in Paraguay

[Alto Parana forests] [Tropical monsoon forests]

1

10

100

1000

10000

1 10 100

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

1.0 10.0 100.0

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Example of allometry equations

by Kiyono from REDD Cookbook

ba : Basal area

WD: Wood density

• Technical guidance on REDD-

plus for policy makers,

organizations and experts

• English, Japanese and Spanish

• 151 pages

• 36 Recipes

• Reference guide

• Written by 28 experts

• Downloadable form the Web of

REDD R&D Center

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REDD-plus Cookbook

Design of Recipe

REDD-plus Cookbook Annex Vol. 1 & 2

• Research Manual Vol. 1: Ground-Based Inventory

• Research Manual Vol. 2: Destructive Sampling for Tree Biomass

• Japanese and English

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For accurate determination of the forest structure in a plot, all living trees within the plot

should be measured; however, this is laborious with regard to time and effort. Time and

effort can be saved using a nested plot structure (Figure 2, Gray area)[Recipe-T13].

2.4 Tools required for inventory

Tools required for establishing plots are shown in Table 1. The distance measurement in

the forest is carried out effi ciently using measurement tools such as a laser range fi nder or an

ultrasonic range fi nder.

Table 1 Tools required for establishing plots

Tool Number Remarks

Laser range fi nder 1 For measuring horizontal distance

Tape measure (30 m–50

m)1-3

For measuring the slope distance using a tape measure

when a laser range fi nder is not available.

Clinometer 1 For recording the inclination of the plot

Azimuth compass 1-2 For establishing plots and recording the plot location

GPS 1 For recording plot location

Stakes >1 Material of stakes varies depending on plot location.

Digital camera 1 For recording forest type of plot

Figure 2 Shapes of sample plot

Left: Rectangular-shaped plot (0.16 ha), Right: Circular-shaped plot (0.1 ha

REDD-plus COOKBOOK ANNEX

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Table 6 Number of staff required for inventory

3.3.1 Recording a tree position selected as a measurement object

The sample plot explained in section 2.6.2 is divided into 16 square subplots (10 m × 10 m).

Each sample plot uses a nested plot structure. It should be noted that DBH threshold of the

trees designated as measurement objects differs depending on the subplot (see Figure 2).

In the permanent sample plot, the positions of the trees should be recorded for the

second and subsequent measurements, and the route of measurement should also

be determined. The positions of individual trees can be recorded easily and clearly by

attaching the code number in each subplot. Moreover, if the trees are numbered in a

regular pattern, for example, in a counterclockwise direction from the stake used as the

starting point, it will be easy to tell if any tree has disappeared when future measurements

are carried out [Recipe-T13]. Double measurement can be avoided by simply recording the

RoleDesired number of

staffRemarks

Staff for entering data of tree

census1-2

Work efficiency will be improved with staff who

have an overview of the entire project.

Staff for measuring DBH 1-2With more than one staff, measurement of DBH

and labeling can be done separately.

Staff for measuring tree height 1-2Depending on the number of tools for measuring

tree height.

Staff who can identify plant

species1-2

Identific

a

t ion of plant species and data entry may

be done by the same staff.

(2) Inventory carried out by a team

made up of two staff

(1) Tools

Photo 1 Inventory in the fie

l

d

Research Manual Vol. 1 Ground-Based Inventory

Just Working

• Revised REDD-plus Cookbook

– Respecting Paris Agreements in COP21

• REDD-plus Cookbook in French

– Especially for African countries

• REDD-plus Cookbook Annex Research Manuals

– Methods for Removing clouds

– Adjustment of phenology

– Ground truth survey

– Developing FREL/REL

– Safeguards

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in this year

Safeguards

• Safeguard Guidebook for REDD+

– How to approach safeguards for REDD+ projects

– Check lists

• REDD+ Safeguard Approaches

– Information on safeguards activities on various projects in the world.

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These books were developed by REDD+ Safeguard Research

Project Consortium (FFPRI, JIFPRO, MURC, JOFCA) ,

funded by Forestry Agency

An Example of Check lists

JCM Guidelines for REDD+

• FFPRI developed “Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus “ voluntarily

• Based on the FFPRI’s guidelines, related ministries and organizations are

developing JCM Guidelines for REDD+

• They are under discussion in the Joint Committee between Japan and

Indonesia

Joint Committee between Japan and Indonesia

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Japan Public-Private Platform for REDD+

• FFPRI and JICA established REDD+ platform, and are working as

the Secretariat

• FPPRI organizes Knowledge Working Group and holds seminars

for experts, technicians and scientists

– Draft JCM guidelines for REDD+

– Safeguards

– Remote sensing techniques including LiDAR

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Web of REDD R&D Center

• Cookbooks, SG guidebook

and other various information

are shown on the Web

• Latest information such as

international negotiations ,

symposiums and workshops

• Country reports

• Literature database

• Virtual training room

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Country Reports

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Thank you

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Visit the Web of REDD R&D Center

http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en/

or Google “redd center ffpri”