European Conference of Ministers of Transport

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and TransportJapanese Government

2-3 March 2005 Akasaka Prince Hotel, Tokyo

Japanese Transportation Policies forJapanese Transportation Policies forthe Elderly and Disabledthe Elderly and Disabled

Tetsuo AKIYAMAGraduate School of Urban Science

Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityJapan

Content

1. Background of Transport for Disabled & Elderly2.Previous of Transportation Accessibility Improvement Law３．TransportationAccessibility

Improvement Law

．

1. Background of Transport for Disabled & Elderly

① Basic Philosophy

Normalization

ＷｅｌｆａｒｅCommunity Development

Barrier-Free-Design

② Barrier-free design and UDBarrier-free design– means a design that removes those barriers

that obstruct the social participation of disabled people.

universal design – In contrast, universal design, which is

not limited to the elderly or disabled alone, as in the case of barrier-free design, aims at facility design thateveryone finds easy to use.

③ System and evolution of welfare community development

Welfare community development in Tokyo （1987 ）–defines that” is a process of practice

policies on hardware and software improvements.

2. Previous of Transportation AccessibilityImprovement Law

① City PlanningMinistry of Welfare (presently the Ministry of

Health, Labor and Welfare)１９７３

–Project to develop “welfare model cities for the disabled”

–improvement of the living environment, population 200,000 or more

– Farther more 100,000 or more、50,000 or more、30,000 or more

②RoadDesign Standard(1)

1973 Structures of sidewalks and two-level crossings–Downhill gradient from sidewalk to

roadway (8%), installation of tactile tiles to guide the visually-impaired

1985 Guideline on the installation of tactile tiles to guide the visually-impaired – Unification of the profile and arrangement

of tactile tiles to guide the visually-impaired

②RoadDesign Standard(2)

1993 Revision of the ordinance on road structures Minimum width of sidewalk 2 m1999 Standard on sidewalksStandard on the difference in level and gradient of sidewalks

③TerminalBarrier-free accessibility for public transport

1) Railway measures for the mobility-constrained– a) Germinal stage (1950-1979):

• Economic countermeasures mainly

Boarding of wheelchair users without attendants, free carrying of guide dogs and personal effects

Notification by the Ministry of Transport: Improving railway facilities by Japanese National Railways for the physically disabled

1973

Free carrying of wheelchairs

Free carrying of wheelchairsFree carrying of wheelchairs

1968

Mainly for the war-disabled

Discounted passenger fares for the physically disabled (Japanese National Railways, private railways, buses)

1952 ContentsMeasuresYear

③Terminalb) Actual emergency stage (1980-1989)

The first guideline in Japan

Guideline on improving the facilities for the physically disabled at public transport terminals

1983

Including those who have difficulty movingor are weak

Council for Transport Policy, principle of transport policies based on a long-term overview

1981

③Terminalc) Diversification stage (1990-1999)

Second revision of the guideline

Guideline on improving facilities for theelderly and the disabled at public transport terminals

1994

5 m or overGuideline on improving elevators at railway stations

1993

5 m or overGuideline on improving escalators at railway stations

1991

The first subsidization of railways in Japan

Subsidization of the installation of elevators at railway stations inKanagawa Prefecture. Principle ofsubsidizing the installation of elevators at railway stations in Yokohama City

1990

3．TransportationAccessibility

Improvement Law

Transportation Accessibility Improvement Law

①OutlineThis Law is an abbreviation of the Law for Promoting Easily Accessible Public Transportation Infrastructure – for the Elderly and the Disabled, – which was promulgated on

May 11, 2000 – and enacted on November 15,

2000.

①Target(1)Period: by 2010 at railway stations,– Object Terminal :streetcar stops, bus terminals,

ferry terminals and airport passenger terminals – Passenger :that are used by 5,000 people or

more on average per day. Implementing barrier-free design

means:– eliminating differences in level;– installing tactile tile blocks to guide the visually

impaired, – installing toilets for the physically handicapped.

② Target(2)

Barrier-free accessibility shall be completed by 2010 for – Railway: 30% of 51,000 railway vehicles

and streetcars.– Bus: 10 to 15 years, 60,000 replaced low-

floor buses of which 20 to 25% shall be of the non-step type.

– Ship: 50% of 1,100 passenger ships – Airplane: 40% of 420 airplanes.

4. Local Government

Basic Plan by Local Government

Local Governmentshould make Basic Plan of Accessibility Improvement concerning station and the area around it.

１）Local Government Basic Plan<within 1000m from station>

Station

Accomplishment of Basic Plan

More than 5,000 people a day to use stationThere are 2,700 station.At present, more than 400 Station

(15%) Basic Plan have been made based on Transportation Accessibility Improvement Law.

Transport Company2) Achievement of accessibility to

bus and railroad vehicles.3) Achievement of accessibility to

transport terminals.It has developed greatly especially in recent years.

5. Guideline

Old Guideline1983 G: The purpose of the First Guideline are target for–Railway Station –and Disabled.

1993 G: The purpose of the Second Guideline are targeted for– all of Transportation Terminal – and Limited Mobility Group (Elderly and

Disabled)

New Guideline(2001)

issue by (1)Transport:Ecomo Foundation

Ecology and Mobility Foundation) and (2)Road:JICE

Japan Institute of Construction Engineering

New Terminal Guideline(2001)

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport decided to review "Guidelines on the Construction and Improvement of Facilities for the Elderly, the Disabled, and the Like at Public Transportation Terminals" (established in 1983 and revised in1994).

Outline of Guidelines forPublic Transport Passenger Facilities

Part I: General Guidelines for PassengerFacilities

Part II: Guidelines for Individual Passenger Transport Facilities

• Railway Stations• Bus Terminals,• Ship Terminals,• Air Terminals

Example 1Previous guide for installing guide blocks

for visual impaired passengers in platform

Example 2How to consider the sign tools from the

viewpoint of the brightness

Example 3 Guidance Facilities for Visually

Impaired People

Guidelines for Barrier-Free Road Improvement

Issue by JICE(Japan Institute of Construction Engineering )

Part 1:– Basic principles of the Guidelines Part 2 :– Guideline on application of road

structure standard

Example1Basic Dimensions of Road Users

Example 1Characteristics Side walk Format

Flat Semi-Flat Mount -up

6．Special Transport Service

for Elderly and Disabled

Special Transport Service

1971：Day Service had started– Project of Day Service Transport for Child

Disabled by Ministry of Welfare

1972:Door to Door Service By L.G.– Start the Special Transport Service by Machida

Local Government

1978:Door to Door Service By Volunteer – Start the Special Transport Service by Volunteer

Road Transport Act in 2004“Deregulation”

Volunteer Driver permit collect fare from passenger since 30th April 2004.Volunteer Organization must be get approval from advisory committee.Local Government make advisory committee.That members are consist of Taxi Company, User, Volunteer Organization, Local Government and Researcher.

Thank you so much