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Japanese Knotweed management in France
© C
CEA
U
• Lecturer : Julien Gaubert
• Author : Mireille Boyer
• Organisation :
CCEAU
Ecological Consultancy
Savoie – France
tel : 04-73-33-64-55
cceau.fr
- Regulation in France and local initiatives
- Improving comprehension to improve actions : diagnosis of invasion on rivers and development of
management strategies
- New methods of control: examples
Japanese Knotweed management in France
In order to preserve Natural Environments, their uses and the Wildlife,
it’s prohibited to introduce in Natural Environments intentionally or unintentionally : 1° any exotic and non-domestic Animal Species from the introduction area which is listed by ministerial order
2° any exotic and not normally grown Plant Species from the introduction area, which is listed by ministerial order
3° any animal or plant species designated by administrative authority.
Law - Environment Act (2005) : • Regulation in France & Local Initiatives
- no regulation on knotweed
- european regulation : project in progress
List (2007) :
Mammifères : Wallaby de Benett / Chien viverrin / Vison d'Amérique Raton laveur / Cerf sika / Toutes espèces de sciuridés sauf la marmotte et l’écureuil roux Castor canadien / Rat musqué / Ragondin /Rat surmulot / Lapin américain Oiseaux : Erismature rousse ; Ibis sacré; Bernache du Canada ; Ouette d'Egypte ; Perruche à collier. Reptiles : Toutes les espèces appartenant aux genres suivants : Chrysemys spp. ; Pseudemys spp. ; Trachemys spp. ; Graptemys spp. ; Clemmys spp. Amphibiens : Xénope lisse ; Grenouille Taureau ; Grenouille verte de Bedriaga ; Grenouille verte des Balkans
List (2010) :
Plants : Primrose willow - Ludwigia grandiflora et Ludwigia peploides.
Japanese Knotweed management in France
Knotweed production in France as biomass
Official Gazette of plants authorised for cropping (mars
2009)
• Regulation in France & Local Initiatives
- 2 varieties can be cultivated in EU : Igniscum et Candy
Japanese Knotweed management in France
© C
CEA
U
Knotweed production in France as biomass
© C
CEA
U
• Regulation in France & Local Initiatives
- 2 varieties can be cultivated in EU : Igniscum et Candy
- 2 ha cultivated in 2009 in a farm turned into energy production in Weinbourg (Alsace)
Japanese Knotweed management in France
• Towards the integration of preventive measures in building sites
- e.g. : in Savoy with support of County technical services
Project : extraction of infested gravel bar to restore the capacity & strengthen of dikes on river Isère.
problem:
non-infested dike
infested bar Experimentation of control methods :
compacting + crushing - covering
Area : 20 000 m²
Height : 4 to 5 m
Volume of the backfill : 74 000 m3
Increase of the project’s cost : + 10 %
• Regulation in France and Local Initiatives
- many local initiatives
Japanese Knotweed management in France
1 2
3 4
1 – ASSESS THE INVASIVE STAGES
effective actions with small impacts
non-effective actions with important impacts
2 – ACTING ON THE PROPAGULES TRANSITS AND ON A COHERENT WATER SYSTEM
priority goal with Japanese Knotweed : to stop or to slow the spread of the plant
• Improving comprehension to improve actions :
- mapping and diagnosis
- management objectives
Japanese Knotweed management in France
m²/ 500 m
u/ 500 m
118 sections (invasive stages) 21 rivers 59 km of waterways
infested area
number of clumps
© C
CEA
U
• Improving comprehension to improve actions
- évaluer les stades invasifs
Japanese Knotweed management in France
20 m² / 500 m of river
8 clumps / 500 m of river
removal or confinement of every clumps
© C
CEA
U
• Improving comprehension to improve actions
- assess the invasive stages
STAGE 1
Japanese Knotweed management in France
500 m²/500m of river
15 clumps / 500 m of river
STAGE 4
no control (except in case of major threat on wildlife or uses)
© C
CEA
U
• Improving comprehension to improve actions
- évaluer les stades invasifs
Japanese Knotweed management in France
mechanical control (crushing covering)
shoots removal
© C
CEA
U
• Improving comprehension to improve actions
- example of management strategy applied to the Watershed of Lake of Bourget (Savoie)
Japanese Knotweed management in France
Early manual shoots removal (coming from snatched rhizomes or cuttings)
• Many non-chemical and operative methods
- many methods already exists
- many more have to be developed
• Change habits
- we have too
we have to !
Mechanical removal of Knotweed from soil or alluvium
Confine Knotweed
it works !
Cutting knotweed without spreading
etc.
Moving infested materials without spreading
etc.
it is expensive
© C
ISA
LB
Japanese Knotweed management in France
1 y.o. 4 y.o.
• Many non-chemical and operative methods
- Manual shoot removal (coming from snatched rhizomes or cutting)
© C
CEA
U
© C
CEA
U
Japanese Knotweed management in France
Linéaire prospecté Nombre de plantules repérées et éliminées
Temps passé en h
2012 2013
84 km de rivières 388 280 500 45 km de littoral
lacustre 267 > 351* 140
* données incomplètes
• Many non-chemical and operative methods
- Manual shoot removal (coming from snatched rhizomes or cutting)
- example in Savoie
© C
CEA
U
© C
CEA
U
Japanese Knotweed management in France
location of the experimentation sites (2005-2013)
• Many non-chemical and operative methods
- the crushing-covering
Japanese Knotweed management in France
-I- Digging and
levelling Efficiency and
spreading control
-II- Crushing
Effectiveness control
-III- Covering
Ballast control & set up of samples
of rhizomes
-VI- Resumption Removal of
remaining plants
-V- Foil removal Effectiveness control of the
rooting process
Asiatic knotweed management in France
© M
ire
ille
Bo
yer,
CC
EAU
© C
izab
uir
oz
E.,
CC
EAU
excavation from a rocky area
© C
CEA
U
© C
CEA
U
© C
CEA
U
© C
CEA
U
Worksite operations
some tools for crushing storage under opaque
foil for rotting
• Many non-chemical and operative methods
- the crushing-covering
dismantled rocky embankment
© C
C&
LL
Japanese Knotweed management in France
• Coverage time
– Rotting time vary from site to site depending on humidity : 48 to 70 weeks.
© C
CEA
U
• Many non-chemical and operative methods
- the crushing-covering
Japanese Knotweed management in France
le Buëch, a braided river
stage 1 -> quick and complete removal of the plant
150 clumps 25 km of river infested
total cost (2009 - 2013) (diagnosis, test and works) : 280 000 €TTC
processed volume : 6 000 m3
• Many non-chemical and operative methods
- application example