Japanese government policy on Stockholm Conventionarchive.unu.edu/esd/manage/Event/Conference2008/Tamura... · 2019-04-16 · Shuji Tamura, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Shuji Tamura, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) 14 Nov, 2008 UNU International Conference 1

Japanese government policy Japanese government policy on Stockholm Conventionon Stockholm Convention

14 November, 2008

Shuji TamuraChemical Management Policy Division

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

- UNU International Conference -

Environmental Monitoring and Governance in the Asian Coastal Hydrosphere: Roles of Academia and Private Sectors for the Stockholm Convention


CONTENTSCONTENTS

1. Outline of the Stockholm Convention

2. National implementation in Japan

3. Japan’s contribution to the discussion

4. Summary

(1) Roles of academia

(2) Roles of private sectors

Shuji Tamura, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) 14 Nov, 2008 UNU International Conference

History and BackgroundHistory and Background


• “Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)”

http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/treaty/treaty_020408.html

• Objective: to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants

• History to the agreement– 1992 The Earth Summit (Agenda 21)

– 1995 Intergovernmental meeting of UNEP

– 1997 19th UNEP Governing Council

(started intergovernmental discussion forum)

– 2001 Agreement at a diplomatic meeting in Stockholm

– 2004 Ratified countries reached 50, entered into force

3


Participating CountriesParticipating Countries

4

Ratification, Acceptance, Approval, Accession Signature only

Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina*, Armenia, Australia*, Austria,

Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain*, Bangladesh*, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia,

Botswana*, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*,

Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China*, Comoros, Congo, Cook

Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia,

European Community, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,

Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India*, Iran,

Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea DPR, Korea, Kuwait,

Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands,

Mauritania, Mauritius*, Mexico, Micronesia*, Moldova*, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua,

Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia*, Slovenia*, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri

Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan,

Tanzania, Thailand, Macedonia, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Vanuatu*, Venezuela*, Viet

Nam, Yemen, Zambia

Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Brunei Darussalam, Colombia,

Guinea, Haiti, Indonesia, Ireland,

Israel, Italy, Malawi, Malaysia,

Malta, Montenegro, Palau, Poland, Russian Federation,

Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Suriname,

Tonga, Turkey, United States of

America, Zimbabwe

* Based on Article 25 (4), Parties declared that any amendment to Annexes shall

enter into force only upon the deposit of its instrument of ratification



Chemicals subject to ConventionChemicals subject to Convention• Chemicals with characteristics hereunder:

– (a) persistence, (b) bio-accumulation, (c) potential for long-range

environmental transport, (d) adverse effects on human health

and/or the environment

• Twelve chemicals currently on the list

5

Annex A（（（（elimination））））

Annex B（（（（restriction））））

Annex C（（（（unintentional production））））

Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin,

Endrin, Heptachlor,

Hexachlorobenzene,

Mirex, Toxaphene,

Polychlorinated biphenyls

(PCB)

DDT PCDD, PCDF,

Hexachlorobenzene,

Polychlorinated biphenyls

(PCB)

Hexachlorobenzene and PCB are listed on both A and B



Actions required by the ConventionActions required by the Convention• Elimination of production, use, exports and imports

(Annex A)

• Restriction of production, use, exports and imports

(Annex B)

• Reduction/elimination of unintentional release

(Annex C) etc. etc. etc. …

6

Annex A Annex B

Specific exemption Specific exemption Acceptable purpose

Production

Use

• Registered by each party (open to public)

• Expire 5 years (COP may decide to

extend the expire date up to 5 years)

• No expire date

unlike “Specific

exemption”



Annex A (Elimination)Annex A (Elimination)

7

ChemicalSpecific exemption

Production Use

Aldrin None Local ectoparasiticide, Insecticide

Chlordane As allowed for the Parties listed in the Register

Local ectoparasiticide, Insecticide, Termiticide, Termiticide in buildings and dams, Termiticide in roads, Additive in plywood adhesives

Dieldrin None In agricultural operations

Endrin None None

Heptachlor None Termiticide, Termiticide in structures of houses, Termiticide (subterranean), Wood treatment, In use in underground cable boxes

Hexachlorobenzene As allowed for the Parties listed in the Register

Intermediate, Solvent in pesticide, Closed system site limited intermediate

Mirex As allowed for the Parties listed in the Register

Termiticide

Toxaphene None None

Polychlorinated

Biphenyls (PCB)

None Articles in use in accordance with the provisions of Part II of this Annex



Part II of PCB (examples)Part II of PCB (examples)Each Party shall:

a. With regard to the elimination of the use of PCB in equipment by 2025, take action in accordance with the following priorities:i. Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use

equipment containing greater than 10% PCB and volumes greater than 5 litters

ii. Make determined … greater than 0.05% PCB and volumes greater than 5 litters

iii. Endeavour to identify and remove from use … greater than 0.05% PCB and volumes greater than 0.05 litters

b. Consistent with the priorities in a., promote the following measures to reduce exposure and risk to control the use of PCBi. etc. etc. etc. ……

8



Annex B (Restriction)Annex B (Restriction)

9

ChemicalSpecific exemption

Production Use

DDT Intermediate in production of dicofolIntermediate

Production of dicofolIntermediate

Acceptable purpose

Disease vector control use in accordance with Part II of this Annex

Disease vector control use in accordance with Part II of this Annex

Part II of DDT (examples)1. The production and use of DDT shall be eliminated except for Parties that have

notified the Secretariat of their intention to produce and/or use it……

4. Every 3 years, each Party that use DDT shall provide to the Secretariat and WHO

information on the amount used, the conditions of such use and its relevance to that

Party’s disease management strategy……

6. At least every three years, COP shall, in consultation with WHO, evaluate the

continued need for DDT for disease vector control on the basis of available scientific,

technical, environmental and economic information……

etc. etc. etc. ……



The National Implementation The National Implementation

Plan of JapanPlan of Japan• History and procedures

– May 2001 Adoption of the Stockholm Convention

– Aug 2002 Japan acceded to the Convention

– May 2004 The Convention entered into force (50 countries ratified)

– Jun 2005 Japan developed its national implementation plan

• The National Implementation Plan of Japan under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants– Jan 2003 Inter-Ministerial General Directors’ Meeting and its

Steering Group were established

– May 2005 Draft National Implementation Plan was published for public comments for 2 weeks

– Jun 2005 Council of Ministers for Global Environment Conversation endorsed the Plan

10



Regulatory measures to prevent Regulatory measures to prevent manufacture, use, import & exportmanufacture, use, import & export• Chemical Substances Control Law

– All chemicals on Annex A and B are designated as Class 1

– Manufacture, import and use are virtually prohibited

• Agricultural Chemicals Regulation Law

– Nine chemicals for agricultural use on Annex A and B are listed for

prohibiting distribution and use

• Pharmaceutical Affairs Law

– No drugs containing chemicals under the Convention have been

approved

• Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law

– Export Trade control Ordinance and Import Trade Control

Ordinance virtually prohibit export and import of POPs, respectively

11



Reduction of unintentionally Reduction of unintentionally produced chemicalsproduced chemicals

• Chemicals on Annex C (PCDD,

PCDF, HCB, PCB) are

unintentionally formed in the

combustion processes

• Regulatory measures were

started under the Air Pollution

Control Law and the Waste

Management Law, which have

been subsequently expanded

under the Dioxins Law

– PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar

PCBs are categorised as

“dioxins” under the Dioxins Law

12



Process to assess candidate POPsProcess to assess candidate POPs3. Japan’s contribution to the discussion

13

New proposal by a party(providing information in Annex D)

Screening(by criteria specified in Annex D)

Development of a risk profile(based on information in Annex E)

A risk management evaluation(based on information in Annex F)

COP to consider listing a

chemical to Annex A/B/C

Annex D: Information requirements and screening criteria•Chemical identity•Persistence•Bio-accumulation•Potential for long-range transport•Adverse effects (toxicity)

PO

Ps R

evie

w C

om

mitte

e

（P

OP

RC）

Conference of the Parties

(COP)

Annex E: Information requirements for the risk profile•Hazard assess, environmental fate, monitoring data, risk evaluation, ......

Annex F: Information on socio-economic considerations•Control measures, alternatives, impacts on society, ......


• A subsidiary body to the Stockholm Convention

established for reviewing chemicals proposed

for listing in the Convention.

• Consists of 31 government-designated experts

in areas of chemical assessment or

management from all UN regions.

• Held once a year usually in autumn (Oct or Nov)

at Geneva

• Experts discuss based on scientific evidence

14

POPs Review Committee (POPRC)POPs Review Committee (POPRC)



Discussion in POPRC (example)Discussion in POPRC (example)

15

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

▲

COP1

△

POPRC1

▲

COP２▲

COP３▲

COP４

△

POPRC２

△

POPRC３

△

POPRC４

POPRC decided

screening criteria

have been fulfilled

Sweden submitted

a proposal for

listing PFOS

POPRC developed a

risk profile, and

decided the proposal

shall proceed

POPRC developed a risk management

evaluation to analyse possible control

measures and essential uses

POPRC discussed

another information

on essential uses

Adoption by

consensus or by

¾ majority vote

Enter into force

(one year after)

3. Japan’s participation in the discussion

（△）（△）


POPRC members (as of Nov 2008)POPRC members (as of Nov 2008)


AfricaAfrica Asia & PacificAsia & PacificCentral & Central &

Eastern EuropeEastern EuropeLatin America & Latin America &

CaribouCaribouWestern Europe Western Europe

& others& others

Burkina Faso China Armenia Brazil Australia

Chad Cambodia Bulgaria Chile Canada

Ghana India Czech Ecuador France

Mauritius Japan Honduras Germany

Morocco Jordan Mexico Portugal

Sierra Leone Korea Sweden

South Africa Syrian Arab Switzerland

Togo ThailandChair: Dr. Arndt

Prof. Kitano


• Requested to provide information specified in Annex E and Annex F.

• Invited to provided technical comments and information on the draft risk profile and the draft risk management evaluation.

17

Roles of parties and observersRoles of parties and observers3. Japan’s contribution to the discussion


The purpose of the review is to evaluate whether the chemical is likely, as a result of its long-range environmental transport, to lead to significant adverse human health and/or environmental effects, such that global action is warranted.

a.Sources, including as appropriate: production data, uses, and releasesb.Hazard assessment for the endpoint or endpoints of concernc.Environmental fate (bio-concentration, bio-accumulation)d.Monitoring datae.Exposure in local areas (bio-availability)f.National and international risk evaluationsg.Status of the chemical under international conventions

18

Annex E: Information Annex E: Information requirements for the risk profilerequirements for the risk profile



Persistence

Extremely persistent

•Hydrolysis in water: half-life is greater than 41 years

•Photolysis in water: half-life is greater than 3.7 years

Bioaccumulation

Found in highly elevated concentrations in top predators

•Calculated hypothetical BMFs = 22 -160

•BCF in fish = 2796 - 3100 (lower than criterion: 5000)

Potential for long-

range transport

Atmospheric half-life > 2 days

(estimated value based on photolytic half-life > 3.7 years)

Toxicity

• Sub-chronic exposure: mortality in monkeys at 4.5

mg/kg bw/day

• Reproductive toxicity: mortality in rat pups at 1.6 mg/kg

bw/day

• Acute toxicity to Mysid shrimp: LC50 (96h) = 3.6 mg/L

• Acute toxicity to fish, Fathead minnow: LC50 = 4.7 mg/L

19

Example of risk profileExample of risk profile(PFOS: (PFOS: PerfluorooctanePerfluorooctane sulfonatesulfonate))



Relevant information should be provided relating to socio-economic considerations associated with possible control measures to enable a decision to be taken by the Conference of the Parties.a.Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measuresb.Alternatives (products and processes) including its technical feasibility and availabilityc.Positive and/or negative impacts on society including economic aspectsd.Waste and disposal implicationse.Assess to information and public educationf.Status of control and monitoring capacityg.Any national or regional control actions

20

Annex F: Information on socioAnnex F: Information on socio--economic considerationseconomic considerations



PFOSPFOSPFOSPFOS

PFOSPFOSPFOSPFOSPFOSPFOSPFOSPFOS

photo maskssemiconductor

metal

plating

metal

plating

fix-unitfix-unit

HDD

PWBPWB

parts, modulesparts, modules

soldersolder

dispersiondispersion

surface treatmentsurface treatment

surface treatmentsurface treatment

desmeardesmearetchingetching

adhesiveadhesive

paintpaintphotoresistphotoresist

anti-reflective

coating

anti-reflective

coating

PFOS use in electronics industryPFOS use in electronics industry

other useother use

Effect on other industries

Effect on other industries

21



METIMETI’’ss survey of PFOS usessurvey of PFOS uses

Primary Users Secondary users Tertiary Users

Company Ａ

ProductsConsum

ption

PFOS Producer

and Importer

Re

qu

est

Products

METI ( Chemical Management Policy Division)

Company B

Consum

ption

Company C

ProductsConsum

ption

Company D

Products

Company E

Consum

ption

Company F

Consum

ption

Company G

Products

Company H

ProductsConsum

ption

Distribution of reporting format

to down-streams for identifying

PFOS uses

Direct response to METI by

users including critical uses

proposal



Metal plating

Electric and electronic parts

(e.g. for copies and printers)

Medical catheters

Medical examination use

Ink additions

Film

IC-card, Mg-cardSeparator

Semi-conductor,

Photo masks

Photo imaging

Leveling use

Fire fighting foam

FilmPrinting use

Film

Chemical producers

Battery probe cleaner

Sealing material

Paint, adhesives, unti-electrostatic

Pesticides

Moisture proofing

PFOS suppliers

Uses (newly) recognised in

which PFOS is essential (no

alternative, difficult to substitute)

METI’s survey revealed some

PFOS uses which are not so essential; or which have

available alternatives

Results of Results of METIMETI’’ss surveysurvey

23



Annex F information form JapanAnnex F information form JapanAnnex F from Japan

(essential use)

1. Semi-conductor usage

(Anti-reflective coating, photoresist)

2. Photo masks

（Semi-conductor and LCD usage)

3. Photographic coating

4. Metal plating

5. Fire fighting foam

6. Medical devices

(Catheter and indwelling needle)

7. Electric and electronic parts

(Transfer belt in colour printers ……)

A. No technically feasible alternative available

1. Photo imaging

2. Photoresist and semi-conductor

3. Photo masks in the semiconductor and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) industries

4. Aviation hydraulic fluides

5. Certain medical devices

B. Alternatives available but need to be phased in

6. Metal plating

7. Fire fighting foam

8. Electric and electronic parts

9. Production of ant baits for control of leaf-cutting ants



Efficacy and efficiency of control measuresEfficacy and efficiency of control measures(example in semiconductor production)(example in semiconductor production)

• More than 99% is recovered and appropriately treated for minimising emissions

25

Photo ResistARC

Water: <１１１１％％％％

Waste Water TreatmentScrubber

Air: ～～～～００００％％％％

PFOS Usage:1.7 t / yr

(CY2007: JEITA)Wafer CoatingWafer CoatingWafer CoatingWafer Coating

IncinerationTemp: > 900℃℃℃℃

Emission ≒≒≒≒ 0%

Exposure↓↓↓↓

Development↓↓↓↓

Etching↓↓↓↓

RemovalExhaust Effluent

Total Emission：

< 17 kg / yr

Pro

cess

Recovery: >99% (@Coating)



4. Summary4. Summary• Roles of academia

– Annex E information for the risk profile• Persistence

• Bioaccumulation

• Potential for long-range transport

• Toxicity (human health / environmental effects)

• Roles of private sectors– Annex F information for the risk management

evaluation• Socio-economic considerations (i.e. technical

feasibility and availability of alternatives

• Possible control measures

26


Useful webpageUseful webpage

• The Stockholm Convention (Japanese)– http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/treaty/treaty_020408.html

• The Stockholm Convention secretariat (English)– http://chm.pops.int/

• POPs Review Committee (POPRC) (English)– http://www.pops.int/documents/meetings/poprc/poprc.htm

• National Implementation Plan of Japan (Japanese)– http://www.env.go.jp/chemi/pops/

• METI’s Chemical Management Policy (Japanese)– http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/chemical_management/index.html

27


Shuji TAMURAShuji TAMURAShuji TAMURAShuji TAMURA

[email protected]

Presented byPresented by

Thank youThank youThank youThank youThank youThank youThank youThank you

Chemical Management Policy Division

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan

Documents

Japanese government policy on Stockholm Conventionarchive.unu.edu/esd/manage/Event/Conference2008/Tamura... · 2019-04-16 · Shuji Tamura, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry