JAPANESE ADAPTATION POLICY AND AMICAF (ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF IMPACTS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE FOR ADAPTATION AND FOOD SECURITY) PROJECT PROJECT

Hiroki SASAKI

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Japanese Adaptation Polic• Japanese Adaptation Policy

• A new Japan-funded FAO project on climate change and food security

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TRANSITIONAL CHANGE OF ANNUAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN JAPAN (1898 2009)• Temperature anomaly of annual average temperature in Japan is +0.56 .

• On a long-term basis it rises at the rate of approximately 1 13 in 100

(1898-2009)

• On a long-term basis, it rises at the rate of approximately 1.13 in 100 years (statistics of 1898-2009).

• Many of the years that marked record-high temperature are concentrated in the 1990’s and on

T t l f l

in the 1990 s and on.

Transitional change of annual average temperature in Japan (1898-2009)

Temperature anomaly of annual average temperature in Japan

(Notes)

omal

y (

)

Thick line (blue): 5-year interval change of average

Straight line (red): Long-term trend of temperature anomaly

Anomaly figures are of average of 30 years 1971-2000.

Tem

pera

ture

ano

Climate Change Monitoring Report 2009, Japan Meteorological Agency

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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROM AGRICULTURE/FORESTRY/FISHERIES AND FOOD MANUFACTURING

Breakdown of agriculture/forestry/fisheries and food manufacturing in the total greenhouse gas emission

Transition of greenhouse gas emission from agriculture/forestry/fisheries

CH from other

AND FOOD MANUFACTURING

(million t-CO2）N2O from agriculture (approx. 0.8%)

N2O from other than agriculture

CO2 from agriculture/forestry/fisheries

N2O from agriculture/forestry/fisheries

CH4 from agriculture/forestry/fisheries

CO2 from food manufacturing

CH4 from agriculture (approx. 1.2%)

CH4 from other than agriculture

CO2 from non-energy conversion sector

Other gases

Forms of greenhouse gas emission from

CO2 from industrial sector

T t l i i i FY2008

sector

CO2 from energy conversion sector

Forms of greenhouse gas emission from agriculture/forestry/fisheries

CO2 from agriculture and forestry

CO2 from fisheries

CH4 from enteric fermentation of livestock

CH4 f i f i

Total emission in FY2008 1.282 billion t-CO2, of

which the percentage of agriculture/forestry/fisheri

es and food manufacturing was 4.1% (excluding emission from transportation and waste)

CO2 from transport sector

CH4 from rice farming

CH4 from livestock excretion management

CH4 from burning off the fields

N2O from burning off the fields

N2O from agricultural soils

CO2 from agriculture/forestry/fisheries (approx. 0.9%)CO2 from

other sectors

CO2 from domestic sector

CO2 from food manufacturing

Emission in Emission in FY2008 37.23 FY2008 37.23 million tmillion t--COCO22,,(Final figure)(Final figure)

(100%) (100%)

*All converted into CO2

N2O from livestock excretion management CO2 o ood a u ac u g(approx. 1.2%)

Data source:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/index-j.html)

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CURRENT STATUS OF GLOBAL WARMING ISSUES IN JAPAN(INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION)

Wet-land rice Fruits Vegetables

Damages on products Changes of suitable place for cultivation

Case of apple

)

Now

National average temperature

rises 3 degrees

2060’s

Wet land rice Vegetables

Poor coloring

rises 3 degrees

Suitable place

Higher than suitable

“Sunburned fruit” of

mandarin

Growth of tomatoPoor (flower, fruit)

Entire Hokkaido will be suitable, while Kanto and further south will be excluded.

Lower than suitable

Normal

mandarin orange

White immature grains of wet-land

rice

“Puffiness” of mandarin orange

rice＜＜Coloring Coloring

disorder caused disorder caused by warmingby warming＞＞

orange

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IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO ADAPT TO GLOBAL WARMING

Agricultural research institute publicizes reports on impacts of global warming and incorporation of

Awareness on impact of warming

impacts of global warming and incorporation of adaptation measures throughout the nation

Establish an examination committee and a support team consisting of specialists and provide advice and guidance

Establishment of an examination committee and a support team consisting of specialists

Advice/Guidance

Technical Support System for Producing Areas

consisting of specialists, and provide advice and guidance to producing areas where impacts of warming are evaluated as severe through local examination Producing areas

・Support for the private sector to develop vegetable species that are resistant to warming

S t f i ti f l t th t t

Support for adaptation measures

・Support for incorporating fog coolers, etc. that prevent disorders of agricultural products caused by high temperature

Fog cooling

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E i ti itt

TECHNICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING AREAS

・ Cooperation by item, issue or block disregarding prefectural borders

Establishment of support teamAnalysis of impacts of global warming on agriculture and their adaptation measures

Identification of producing areas with severe impacts and their issues

Examination committee

Advice and

・ Advice and guidance on strategy development at the prefectural level, etc. and local examination and technical guidance in cooperation with prefecture, etc.

measures issues

Collection and dissemination of information on global warming

guidance

Information on adaptation measures

Information on disorders and

SearchRegistration Conference of Producing Area B(administration, dissemination, research)

Development of the strategy of the producing area

Conference of Prefecture A(administration, dissemination, research)

Development of prefectural strategy

Local examination, technical guidance

measuresphenomenon

Blocks, prefectures

・Impacts of high temperature, etc. on growth, countermeasures, etc.

of the producing area

Producing areaProducing area

Establishment of validation fields

(A l ti f(Accumulation of scientific data)

Producing area A Production area BCountermeasures against white immature grains of wet-land rice

Countermeasures against poor coloring of fruits

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Measures to adapt to global warming 1Wet-land rice

Measures to adapt to global warming 1

Coloring of grapes deteriorates by high temperature,, which damages the product value

High temperature during ripening stage deteriorates the quality by white immature grains, etc.

Fruits

Technology to improve poor coloring of grapes (Aki Queen)Development of “Nikomaru”, a species that ensures high quality appearance even in a high-temperature year

(Name registered in 2005, suitable in a warm or mild place)

Nikomaru HinohikariGirdling treatment improves coloring upon harvest, emphasizes the redness and makes the fruits sweeter.

Normal grain74

White immature grain9

Others17

Normal grain39

White immature grain49

Others12

Girdling treatment

Quality comparison of “Nikomaru” and “Hinohikari” with the same sprouting seasonBreakdown of 100 grains into normal, white immature and othersThere are more normal grains in Nikomaru

Girdling district Non-treatment district

There are more normal grains in Nikomaru(2005 (high temperature), Nagasaki Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station)

<Qualities of Nikomaru and Hinohikari>

They performed the same or higher level as other species in most of the locations of the 4-year experiment which was conducted in Kinki-Kyushu areas, which proves stability against climate and conditions of cultivation.

Source: FY2006 “New Technology in Kinki, Chugoku and Shikoku Areas” Coloring Improvement of grapes cultivated in warm places through combination of girdling and reduction of fruit load

Source: Press release “FY2005 Agricultural Crop Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries>, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region

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Measures to adapt to global warming 2

High temperature causes eggplants poor fruitification based on poor flower growth or pollen sterility.

As winter becomes warmer, wheat’s panicle formation and jointing stages are accelerated,

which increases the risk of frost damage

Wheat Eggplant

Development of a parthenogenesis species of eggplant which highly fruitifies even under conditions with high temperature (Anominori).

Development of a wheat species with little fluctuation in jointing stage even in a warm winter (Iwainodaichi)

*Stems of Iwainodaichi (l ft) l l

(Name registered in 2002, suitable place from Kanto to South Kyushu) Applied for variety registration

(left) grow more slowly than other species.

*Therefore, there is almost no risk of frost damage.

Iwainodaichi Chikugoizumi

Anominori is an innovative species that enables to fatten fruits

Health rate

Withering

Health rate and

rate of panicle

Iwainodaichi C ugo u

“Senryo #2# became “stone eggplant” because it didn’t fatten because its

pollen sterilized by high temperature.

Fruits of “Anominori”

Anominori is an innovative species that enables to fatten fruits naturally without pollination (parthenogenesis) and produce fruits without fruit set promotion.

The appearance and taste are also excellent, and it is also possible to grow out of season with artificial heat.

Source: Press release “Development of New Eggplant Species That Can FruitifySource: FY2001 Kanto Tokai Hokuriku Agriculture Information on Research Results

rate

Iwainodaichi Hatsuhokomugi Norin #61

d withering

Source: Press release Development of New Eggplant Species That Can Fruitify Without Pollination or Plant Hormone Treatment”

Source: FY2001 Kanto Tokai Hokuriku Agriculture, Information on Research Results “Advance of the Wheat Crop Period Using “Iwainodaichi” in Aichi Prefecture”

Species development: National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu and Okinawa Region

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A NEW JAPAN-FUNDED FAO PROJECT ON FAO PROJECT ON CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY- PERSPECTIVES OF THE AMICAF PROJECT

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OBJECTIVESO J C S

• To assist developing countries to address climate change assessment and adaptation, to improve food security through a comprehensive frameworkcomprehensive framework.

• This framework would bridge climate change i t t f d I itimpact assessment, food Insecurity vulnerability analysis and livelihood adaptation approachesapproaches.

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PROJECT OVERVIEW• Assessments of Climate Change Impacts and

M i f V l bilit t F d I itMapping of Vulnerability to Food Insecurity under Climate Change to Strengthen Household Food Security with Livelihoods’ Adaptation y pApproaches (AMICAF)

• Total Approved Budget: US$ 2,557,731• Project operation: October 2011-September

2014• Participating countries: The Philippines and one

APEC Economy in Latin America (TBD)

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AMICAF Framework: Addressing the Linkage Between Climate Change and Food Security

Institutional Analysis and Awareness Raising (Step4)

F d I itImpacts of Climate Change on Agriculture

(Step1)

Food Insecurity Vulnerability Analysis

at household level (Step2)

Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Change

(Step3)( p )

Global Guideline for Implementation in other countries

(Gl b l d li )(Global delivery)

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